1、语法重点串讲语法重点串讲语法是三级英语统考的一个重点，它将体现在所有五个题型中，但重点将集中在以下几个方面。1、时态：常用的1011种2、语态：被动语态3、情态动词4、虚拟语气5、动词的非谓语形式三种6、各种从句（主、宾、表、定、状、同位语从句）7、主谓一致8、倒装句9、强调句10、附加疑问句第一节 动词的时态考试重点：一般现在时（if 从句和as soon as 从句）；进行时表将来；现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别；完成时瞬间动词以及have （has）been, have（has）gone的区别；过去完成时的时间状语；将来完成时。一、一般现在时：1、由when、 as soon as、t
2、he minute、the moment、 till、 until等引起的时间状语从句，以及由if 、unless、provided that等引起的条件状语从句常常用一般现在时态表示将来的动作，而主句则用一般将来时态。例:（1）They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _their exams.A. have finishedB. finishC. finishedD. was finishing（答案：B）（1996年22题）（2）When the mixture _, it will give off a powerful
3、 force.A. will heatB. will be heatedC. is heatedD. has heated（答案：C）（1992年59题）往届试题：1. No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she _them. A. tries B. will try C. are trying D. have tried 2. “When are you going to visit you uncle in Chicago?” “As soon as our work for tomorr
4、ow.”A. were complete B. wed complete C. well complete D. we complete3. As soon as weve finished supper, well all go to downtown to see the Sound of Music.A B C D4. If you happen to come across Jack, please tell him to come and see me when he will be free. A B C D2、当表示普遍的真理或者众所周知的客观事实，常常用一般现在时态。例：The
5、 earth is round. 地球是圆的。二、一般过去时：一般过去时态不是三级英语考试的重点，但是这里需要重点区分三个短语的用法：1、used to do sth：过去常常做某事；2、be/get used to doing sth：习惯做某事；3、be used to do sth：被用于做某事。三、一般将来时： 1、be to +动词原形： 表示安排或计划好了的动作。 例：The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day. 三环路将在国庆节前通车。2、be about to +动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。
6、 例：The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将开始。3、一些表示动作趋势，如开始、终结，以及一些表示动作方向，如往来的动词，常常用现在进行时态表示按照安排将于将来发生的事情，这类动词常见的有：如：start, go, leave, come, arrive等。例：（1）We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。 （2）The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight. 外宾今晚到达济南。四、过去进行时：过去进行时态不是三级英语考试的重点，但是这里需要重点区分when
7、和while引起的时间状语的用法。When表示时间上的点，其所引导的时间状语从句多用一般过去时态；while 表示时间上的段，其所引导的时间状语从句多用过去进行时态。例：（1）When you _ this over with her, you should not see her any more.A. talk B. talked C. will talk D. talking（答案为B）（1999年35题） （2）One of the guards _ when the general came in, which made him very angry. A. has slept B.
8、 were sleeping C. slept D. was sleeping （答案为D）（1996年23题）（3）I fell and hurt myself while I _tennis. A. was playing B. am playing C. play D. played （答案：A）（1998年43题）往届试题：1. We had lived in this house for three years while my father decided to have us move to a new A B C D neighborhood. 五、现在完成时: 现在完成时态不
9、是三级英语考试的重点，但是这里需要重点区分have（has）been to 和have （has）gone to 的用法。Have（has）been to：某人去过某地，表示一种经历，强调状态，可以和once，twice，often，never，ever 连用;Have（has）gone to：某人在去某地的途中或已在某地，强调动作。此句型不能与上述时间状语连用。例：（1）He has gone to America.（意思为他已经去了美国，现在不在此地） （2）He has been to America twice. 他去过美国两次。六、过去完成时: 过去完成时态在三级英语中需要重点理解以
10、下两点.1、 强调一个动作发生在另外一个过去的动作之前时, 用过去完成时态。例：The chemistry class _ for five minutes when we hurried there.A. had been on B. was on C. has been on D. would be on（答案：A）（1995年24题）往届试题：1. When I went to visit Mrs. Smith last week, I was told she two days before.A. has left B. was leaving C. would leave D. ha
11、d left2、 It was the first/second/last time that, 在该句型中, that 从句用过去完成时态。例： It was the first time (that) they had tried foreign food. 这是他们第一次吃西餐。七、将来完成时：将来完成时态是三级英语重点常考的一种时态，常常标志性地由by、by the time、by the end of 引起一个表示将来时间段的时间状语，主句用将来完成时态。 例：(1) By the time John gets home, his aunt _. A. will have B. le
12、aves C. will have left D. is leaving （答案：C）（1995年25题）(2) I _ writing the article by the time you get back. A. shall finishB. must have finishedC. have finishedD. shall have finished （答案：D） （2000年24题）往届试题：1. By next year he _ in New York for five years. A. has worked B. has been working C. works D. w
13、ill have worked 2. By the time you arrive this evening, _ for two hours. A. I will study B. I will have been studied C. I had studied D. I will have been studying 第二节 被动语态考试重点：感官动词和使役动词的被动语态；情态动词的被动语态；用主动表示被动的含义。一、感官动词的用法及其被动语态：在英语中，常见的感官动词有“五看二听一感觉”（see、watch、look、notice、observe；hear、listen to；feel
14、），在主动语态中用不带to的不定式或现在分词作宾补，如see sb do/doing sth，改为被动语态时则要加to，如sb be seen to do sth。例：The middle-aged man was seen _ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.A. came B. come C. to come D. have come（答案为C）（2000年58题）往届试题：1. Henry is often seen _ English aloud every morning in the classroom. A. rea
15、d B. reads C. reading D. to read 2. Today the police can watch cars _ on roads by radar.A. run B. to run C. running D. to be run二、使役动词的用法及其被动语态：在英语中，常见的使役动词有make、let、have，在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作宾补，如make sb do sth，改为被动语态时则要加to，如sb be made to do sth，两种形式都表示使/让某人做某事的意思。例：We were made to study harder. 我们被要求努力学
16、习。往届试题：1. The teacher has his students _ a composition every other week. A. to write B. written C. writing D. write 2. The manager has his employees _ a business report every week. A. to write B. written C. writing D. write 3. Ill _ that Im a qualified engineer.A. have you know B. have known you C.
17、have you knowing D. have you known4. Im old enough not to let my troubles to interfere with my work. A B C D5. How could you make such a little child to help you carry the big box? A B C D三、用主动表示被动的含义，在英语中常考的句式有sth need/require doing（=sth need to be done）（此句式主语大多为物）例：My room is a mess. It needs _. A
18、 to be tidying upB. tidying up C. to tidy up D. tidied up （答案为B）（2000年47题）四、have/get sth done,意思为:请/让别人做某事,构成一种特殊形式的被动语态。 例：I have taken many photos. Im going to get the film _. A. being developedB. developing C. developed D. to be developed （答案为C） （2001年48题）往届试题：1. We are going to have our office _
19、to make room for a new engineer. A. to rearrange B. rearrange C. rearranged D. rearranging 2. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature .A. taking B. taken C. took D. take五、情态动词的被动语态，其构成为：情态动词+be+过去分词。例：1、The work must be finished before lunch. 这项工作必须在午饭前干完。2、Nothing can be seen from here.
20、从这儿什么也看不见。第三节 情态动词情态动词是三级英语考试的重点,常见的情态动词有can、could；may、might；must；need；should；ought to，对于情态动词常考其两方面的内容,一是情态动词用于推测句型,二是情态动词用于虚拟语气(该部分的讲解放在后面)。情态动词用于推测句型：用于推测句型的常见情态动词有can、must、 may，应注意的一点是must不用于否定推测。一. 情态动词用于对现在内容推测的常见句型有：1. Can/may do sth：表示对现在内容的可能性的推测；2. Must do sth：表示对现在内容的肯定性的推测。二 情态动词用于对过去内容推测
21、的常见句型有:1. Can/may have done sth： 表示对过去内容的可能性的推测;2. Must have done sth：表示对过去内容的肯定性的推测。例：1、Mr. Green _ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now.A. must have received B. must have failed to receiveC. must receive D. must fail to receive（答案：B）（1998年44题）2、I believe he _ an accident, otherwis
22、e he would have arrived on time.A. would have had B. could have hadC. should have had D. must have had（答案为D）（2001年58题）往届试题：1. I cant find the recorder in the room, It by somebody.A. must have taken B. may have taken C. may have been taken D. should have been taken2. Since this road is wet and slippe
23、ry this morning, it _ last night. A. must rain B. was raining C. must have rained D. may rain 3. I _ my wallet when I was shopping in the store. A. must have dropped B. should have droppedC. could drop D. ought to have dropped4. She _be ill because I saw her playing tennis just now. A. cant B. could
24、nt C. mustnt D. may not第四节 虚拟语气虚拟语气表示与客观事实相反的假设，由if虚拟条件从句和主句构成，是三级英语必考的重点。考试的知识点有十三点之多：虚拟语气的基本构成；if的省略形式(又称虚拟语气的倒装结构)；主句与从句时间不一致时虚拟语气的构成; 主观倾向性动词引导的虚拟语气的构成; wish that和if only引导的虚拟语气的构成；would rather 引导的虚拟语气的构成；It is（high）time that句型中虚拟语气的构成; in case、lest、for fear that 引导的从句中虚拟语气的构成；含蓄虚拟语气的构成；as if, a
25、s though 引导的虚拟语气的构成; It is + 形容词that引导的从句中虚拟语气的构成; 虚拟与不虚拟的错综混合; 情态动词用于虚拟语气。一、 虚拟语气的基本构成：根据虚拟语气这种与事实相反的假设所对应的时间的不同，虚拟语气的if虚拟条件从句与主句的谓语动词分别有三类构成形式：假设类型If虚拟条件从句主句与现在事实相反 did/wereWould do与过去事实相反had doneWould have done与将来事实可能相反were to do/did/should doWould do例：(1) I wouldnt talk that way if I were peter.
26、(2) If the whole operation had not been planned before hand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.(3) Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.(4) I would ask George to lend us the m
27、oney if I _ him. A. had known B. have known C. knewD. know（答案：C）（1995年38题）(5) Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _ the same language?A. spokeB. speakC. had spokenD. will speak（答案：A）(6)、If Bob_ with us, he would have had a good time. A. would come B. would have come
28、C. had come D. came（答案为C）（1995年59题）二、if的省略形式(又称虚拟语气的倒装结构)在if虚拟条件从句中, 如果谓语部分包含were , should, had等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前面, 省略if, 构成虚拟语气的倒装结构。例: (1)_ you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. Did I have realized thatD. As I realized（答案：B）（1996年39题）(2) _, I
29、 should ask them some questions.A. Should they come to us B. If they come to usC. Were they come to us D. Had they come to us（答案：A）（1997年30题）往届试题：1. the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A. If he took B. If he should take C. Were he to take D. Had he taken2. Mary said to me, “Had I seen your bag, I it to you.”A. will return B. must return C. could return D. would have returned3. He will not do it had he known how serious the outcome would be. A B C D三、主句与从句时间不一致时虚拟语气的构成：当虚拟语气的if虚拟条件从句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致
