1、届高考英语二轮复习题型精准练阅读理解主旨大意题及参考答案2020届高考英语二轮复习题型精准练4 -阅读理解（主旨大意题）1、 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own p
2、atterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages to
3、o became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and
4、dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet
5、zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europehas only around 200 languages; the Americas about1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half th
6、e worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United Stat
7、es(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast. B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns .D.They were closely connected.2.W
8、hich of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?A.Complex . B.Advanced. C.Powerful .D.Modern.3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800 B.About 3,400 C.About 2,400 D.About 1,2004.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will b
9、e created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.2、Would you buy a car that released calming smells into the air when you are stuck in heavy traffic? Would you buy a robot that smells like a human being
10、? Many people have seen the 3-D computer-made environments of virtual (虚拟的）reality (VR). Now these virtual worlds will not just look and sound real. Researchers have created VR environments that even smell like the real things. With the new technology， users open a virtual door and step into a new e
11、nvironment, like a rainforest. After they enter this virtual world, special equipment releases forest-like smells into the air to make the experience seem more real. Suzanne Fisher-Murray said It is a really wonderful experience that you have because you reexploring this environment and you have sme
12、lls with it. In the United States, Smell-O-Vision was designed to provide smells during the showing of a movie. The Smell-O-Vision system was once popular in the 1960s. Now, Emanuela Maggioni says it is close to becoming popular again, People will be impressed by the connection with emotions，memorie
13、s，and the sense of smell， Maggioni said. It is unbelievable what we can do with technology. The uses for smell technology are not just limited to films and the performing arts. Researchers showed a computer program where users could imagine themselves driving a car. The system included a special sme
14、ll-spraying machine. Dmitrijs Dmitrenko said，We want to deliver the smell of lavender (薫衣草）every time the person drives over the speed limit. We choose lavender because its a very calming smell. Scientists are experimenting with smell instead of sounds or image-based alerts on telecommunications equ
15、ipment. And businesses are already using smell to influence peoples behavior. Not onlyin storesBut on the other side，you can create and stimulate (刺 激）immediate buying, Maggioni said So youre in a library and you smell coffee and actually you are unconsciously having the need to drink a coffee. 1. U
16、sing smell technology, researchers make VR environments .A. have a smell of a rainforestB. even smell like real onesC. look like a 4-D environmentD. impress people with a virtual world2. The example of Snell-O-Vision proves that .A. America is the first to use smell technologyB. cinemas are the most
17、 suitable for smell senseC. smell technology has been tried beforeD. it was out of date to use smell-spraying devices3. How is smell technology used by businessmen?A. To make buyers understand salesmen better.B. To remind people of their unrealistic buying.C. To help customers choose their favorite
18、goods.D. To encourage people to buy something suddenly.4. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The developments of smell technology.B. A major breakthrough of smell technology.C. The sense of smell in human communication.D. The advanced smell-spraying machines.3、For Western designers, China and i
19、ts rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.Its no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers, says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.Earlier this year, t
20、he China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.
21、The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.China is impossible to overlook, says Hill. Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of f
22、ashion they are central to its movement. Of course, only are todays top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in
23、design and sales, adds Hil.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers, she says. China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market.
24、If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.1.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?A. It promoted the sales of artworks. B. It attrac
25、ted a large number of visitors.C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.2.What does Hill say about Chinese women?A. They are setting the fashion. B. They start many fashion campaigns.C. They admire super models. D. They do business all over the world.3.What do th
26、e underlined words taking on in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning from B. looking down on C. working with D. competing against4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aest
27、hetics D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends4、Sometimes，you just cant help it; maybe youre watching a sad movie, or thinking about the friend who moved away. Next thing you know, you feel pressure in your throat, your eyes are watering，and you have tears running down your cheeks. A
28、ccording to Ad Vingerhoets. a professor of psychology at Tilburg University，in the Netherlands, who is one of the few scientists in the world who have studied crying, there are three types of tears. Basal tears are the first type. They act as a protective barrier between the eyes and the rest of the
29、 world Next are reflex tears. They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them. Finally，there are emotional tears. “These are released in response to emotional states，” explains Vingerhoets. Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each ot
30、her. “Humans are very complex social creatures，” says Lauren Bylsma，a professor at the University of Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania. “It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others she says. Vingerhoets agrees. “I think that the reason why humans shed tears has something to do with ou
31、r childhood,” he say, “thats the time when we are still dependent on adults for love and protection and care. The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person.” Vingerhoets says this ability could have come in handy in prehistoric times， when humans were living
32、 among dangerous animals. Tears were a safer way to get attention. “In this case， it is better to use a silent signal to ask for help, ”he says. Vingerhoets and Byhma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry. According to Byhma. there is still much more to discover. “Its surprising, ” she says，“how much we still dont know.”1. In the scientists opinion, crying is .A. a sign of human evolutionB. a result of human kindnessC. a cause of personal growthD. a means
