1、164242mc4r2z2hqnModule 4 (Book 5) 知识点总结1 mark v/nv 留下痕迹，做记号，标志，打分，弄污；使有斑点He marked the floor with chalk. 他用粉笔在地板上作记号。She marked her white dress when she sat on the grass.当她坐在草地上时，把白衣服弄脏了。The meeting marks a new period in relations between the two party. 这次会议标志着两党关系进入了一个新时期。The teacher marked all the
2、 papers.老师把所有的试卷都评了分。n. 痕迹，记号，符号，分数I wonder who made these dirty marks on my new book.我不知道是谁弄脏了我的新书。The teacher gave me a good mark for my story.老师给了我的故事以好的评分。These red marks show the route.这些红色的符号表示行进路线。2 dress v/nv 给穿衣服，穿衣，装饰，布置 She is too young to dress herself. 她太小了，不会自己穿衣服。 He is dressing a Chr
3、istmas tree. 他正在装饰圣诞树。 dress up 穿上盛装，乔装打扮 She likes to dress up for a party. 她喜欢打扮得漂漂亮亮的去参加晚会。 be dressed in 穿着 The bride was dressed in white. 新娘穿着一身白色的礼服。n. 衣服；服装；外衣；礼服；连衣裙；女服 He was wearing a special dress for the ceremony. 他穿了身特别的衣服来参加典礼。3 origin n. 起源, 由来, 开端, 出身There are several sayings about
4、the origins of life on earth.关于地球上生命的起源有好几种说法。 original adj. 原始的，最初的，原先的，最早的 Who was the original owner of this house? 谁是这座房子最早的主人？originate v. 引起, 发明, 发起, 创办 originate in sth originate from/with sb 起自某事物/某人 The optic theory originated with Einstein. 光学理论是爱因斯坦首创的。 The quarrel originated in rivalry b
5、etween the two families. 这次争吵是两家不合引起的。4 crowd v/n v. 拥挤；挤；挤满Shoppers crowded into the store. 买东西的人拥入商店。Shoppers crowded the street. 买东西的人挤满大街。n. 群众；人群; 一群人；百姓;一堆 There were crowds of people at the theatre. 剧院里挤满了人。 He pushed his way through the crowd. 他在人群中往前挤。be crowed with 充满，挤满 The narrow streets
6、 are crowded with college students.狭窄的街道挤满了大学生。5 fun n.(U) 享乐，快乐，娱乐，乐趣 Theres no fun in spending the whole evening playing cards. 整个晚上打扑克牌没有意思。We have lots of fun at the fair today. 我们今天在游乐场上玩得很高兴。 make fun of sb. 同某人开玩笑，取笑某人 Its bad manners to make fun of the disabled. 取笑残疾人是不礼貌的。 for fun=in fun 开玩
7、笑地，非认真地 I did it just for fun. 我做这件事只为好玩。 funny adj. 好玩的，好笑的，滑稽的，毫无根据的 That is the funniest thing that I have ever heard. 这是我听到的最滑稽的一件事。6 extend v. 扩充, 延伸, 伸展, 扩大 给予, 提供The headmaster extended our holiday by four days.校长把我们的假期延长了四天。He extended his arms in front of him as if he were praying to God. 他
8、向前伸出双臂,好象在向上帝祷告求助。extend sth to sb=extend sb sth 提供或给予某物They extended a warm welcome to the Queen. 他们向女王表示热烈欢迎。extension n. 延长, 扩充, 范围, （电话）分机extensive adj. 广大的, 广阔的, 广泛的7 on end 直立，竖着，连续地，不断地It has been snowing for a week on end. 雪已连续下了一周了。He placed the box on end and sat on it.他把箱子竖起来，坐在上面。8 prete
9、nd vt. 假装, 装扮, (作为藉口或理由)伪称pretend to do/be 假装做/是pretend to be doing 假装正在做pretend to have done 假装做完He pretended not to know the facts. 他假装不知实情。He pretended to be reading an important paper when the boss entered. 老板进来时他假装在看一份重要的文件。He pretended to have finished his homework.他假装完成了他的家庭作业。He pretended th
10、at he was ill so that he could stay at home.他假装病了以便能待在家里。He pretended illness as an excuse. 他佯称有病以为借口。9 in secret= =secretly 秘密地The girl prepared a gift for her mother in secret. 小女孩偷偷地给妈妈准备了一件礼物。相关短语：in peace 和平地，平安地 in silence 默不做声地 in surprise 惊奇地 in public 公开地，当众地They finished their work in sile
11、nce. 他们默不做声地完成了工作。10 ban v/nv. 明令禁止，取缔Smoking is banned in school. 在学校禁止吸烟。ban sb from sth /doing sth 禁止某人做某事He was banned from driving for six mouths because of driving drunk. 他因酒后驾车而被禁止驾驶6个月。n. 禁令（和介词on搭配，表示对禁止）There is a ban on smoking. 有一个禁烟令。11 up to 长达（某数量，程度等），直到，能胜任，正在干He is not up to his jo
12、b. 他不能胜任他的工作。The room can hold up to 50 people. 这个房间能容纳50人。Up to now, he has visited 30 universities. 至今为止，他已经访问过30所大学。12 revive v. (使)苏醒, (使)复兴, (使)复活, (使)再生效, 回想The fresh air soon revived him. 新鲜空气很快使他苏醒过来。The local government is intended to revive the quaint customs.当地政府意在恢复这一独特的风俗。revival n. 进步，
13、复苏，复兴，再流行13 consist of 由组成（不用于进行时态）This club consists of more than 300 members. 这个俱乐部由300位以上会员组成。14 consist in 存在于 ；在于（不用于进行时态）The beauty of the city consist in its fascinating beach. 这座城市的美在于它迷人的海滨。语法被动语态动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。1 被动语态的结构： be+及物动词的过去分词（be本身无词义，
14、但有时态、人称、数的变化）2 常用句式: 肯定句式：主语+be+过去分词+by 否定句式：主语+be+not+过去分词+by 一般疑问式：be+主语+过去分词+by 特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词（不作主语）+be+主语+过去分词+by特殊疑问词（作主语）+be+过去分词+by3 使用被动语态时的注意事项（1）及物动词能构成被动语态，不及物动词不能构成被动语态。Such book are written for children.(write为及物动词) Children sleep soundly.(sleep为不及物动词) 注意：1 有些及物动词或及物动词短语不能用于被动语态（多表示静态）常见的有
15、：have, cost, lack, last, own, belong to, agree with, consist of等。 有些动词形式上是主动语态，但含有被动的意义。常见的有可和well, easily等副词联用的动词如：wash, write, read, clean, cook等，当它们用作不及物动词来描述朱育的特征时，常用主动形式表达被动意义。 This book sells well. 这本书畅销。 This kind of cloth washes very well. 这种布非常耐洗。 This apple tastes good. 这个苹果尝起来不错。（2）带有情态动词
16、的一般被动语态是：情态动词+be+过去分词The question neednt be discussed. 这个问题不必讨论。（3）带有不定式的一般被动语态是：to be +过去分词 A new hotel is going to be built near the station. 车站附近将要建一所新旅馆。（4）短语动词变为被动语态时不可丢掉其后的介词或副词 He was often made fun of by his classmates. 4 it is said that+从句一些表示“据说”或“相信”意义的动词，如：believe, consider, expect, repo
17、rt, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型it is +be+过去分词+that 或 主语+be+过去分词+to do sthit is said that据说 it is reported that据报道it is believed that人们相信 it is well known that众所周知例如：It is said that the boy has passed the final exam. =The boy is said that to have passed the final exam.单元自测题1 With more forests being de
18、stroyed; huge quantities of good earth each year. A is washing away B is being washed awayC are washing away D are being washed away2 Why did you leave that position? I a better position at IBM. A offer B offered C am offered D was offered3 Have you moved into the new house? Not yet, the rooms . A a
19、re being painted B are painting C are painted D are being painting4 In the spring sun, local residents Chengdu botanical Garden where the Spring-Greeting Flower Show is on. A are to attract to B are to be attracted to C are attracted to D are attracting to5 Those books which often well.A are well re
20、ceived; are sold B are well received; sellC well receive; sell D were received; sell6 No one likes . A to make fun of B to have fun of C to be made fun D to be made fun of7 He has found to understand. A they really hard B them really hardC they real hard D they were really hard8 They prepared for th
21、e meeting for a long time, and soon it . A happened B occurred C took place D was taken place9 In order to go to the palace ball, the pretty girl herself . A dresses; up B be dressed; in C dressed; up D dress; up10 What it is to have a walk after a day of hard work. A fun B a fun C funs D finny11 I
22、promise that the matter will . A be taken care B be taken care of C take care D take care of12 You can see the house for years. A isnt painted B hasnt painted C hasnt been painted D hadnt painted13 Grant changes in the city, and a lot of factories . A have been taken place, have been set upB have ta
23、ken place, have set upC have taken place, have been set upD were taken place, were set up14 “Why does Lingling look so unhappy?”“She has by her classmates.” A laughed B laughed at C been laughed D been laughed at15 How sweet the music ! A is sounded B sound C was sounded D sounds16 Twenty miles in a
24、 single night.A cover B is covered C was covered D were covered17 When a student has answered one question correctly, he or she a tougher one. A immediately gives B give immediately C is immediately given D are immediately given18 The police found that the house and a lot of things . A has broken in
25、to; has been stolen B had broken into; had been stolen C has been broken into; stolen D had been broken into; stolen19 My uncle, Sam, manager of the firm. A has just been made B is just made C made D has made20 Millions of pounds worth of damage by a storm which swept across the north of England las
26、t night. A has been caused B has been caused C will be caused D will have been caused21 Only after my friend came . A did the computer repair B he repaired the computerC was the computer repaired D the computer repaired22 According to the art dealer, the painting to go for at least a million dollars
27、. A is expected B expects C expected D is expecting23 All the employees except the manager to work online at home. A encourages B encourage C is encouraged D are encouraged24 The window is dirty. I know. It for weeks. A hasnt cleaned B didnt clean C wasnt cleaned D hasnt been cleaned25 The mayor of
28、Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics by 2006. A has been completed B has completed C will have been completed D will have completed26 More patients in hospital this year than last year. A treated B have treated C had been treated D have been treated27 The Anti-Japanese Wa
29、r in 1937 and it eight year. A broke out; lasted B break out; lastsC broke out; was last D was broken out; lasted28 Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, photographically in March 1930. A discovered B was discovered C by discovery D when discovered29 Upon your graduation from school, how
30、well will you for the job that lies ahead? A prepare B prepared C be prepared D are prepared30 Experiments in the photography of moving objects in both the United States and Europe well before 1900. A have been conducting B were conducting C had been conducted D being conducted31 Gregory told Mary t
31、hat he what he was doing during the vacation. A had just been asked B had just askedC was just asked D just asked32 The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets . A was booked B had been booked C were booked D have been booked33 I feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child. A is to blame B is going to blame C is to be blamed D should blame34 While shopp
