1、高一英语必修1 Unit 2 English around the world高一英语必修1 Unit 2 English around the world一 学习目标和要求1. 掌握以下单词和习惯用语1)单词Nancy; bathroom; towel; landlady; closet; Karen; pronounce; Thompson; broad; repeat; Dave; ketchup; majority; native; total; tongue; equal; government; situation; Pakistan; Nigeria; the Philippin
2、es; international; organization; trade; tourism ;global; communicate; communication; exchange; service; signal; movement; peg; commander; tidy; stand independent; fall; expression; tornado; Spanish; southern; statement; president; European; Florida; howl; cookbook 2）习惯用语make yourself at home; forget
3、 to do sth; in total2. 功能意念项目 了解并掌握美式英语和英式英语的区别。3. 语法1) 学习直接引语和间接引语（2）。2) 学习ask/tell sb. to do sth结构。4语言运用运用所学语言，围绕英语学习这一话题，完成教材和练习册中的听、说、写的各项任务；阅读课文 “English around the world”并联系生活中的实际进行书写练习。二学习指导1单词和习惯用语的用法1)flight n.C飞行；航班Did you have a good flight?你乘飞机一路愉快吗？They made a successful flight across t
4、he ocean.他们成功地飞越了这个大洋。a non-stop flight不着陆飞行a round-theworld flight环球飞行2) directly adv. 直接地；一直地；直截了当地He looked directly at us.他直瞪瞪地看我们。He speaks very directly to people.他跟人们讲话很直率。3) majority n.C（大）多数The Liberal Party has a majority in the House.自由党在议院中占多数。The company holds a majority of the stock.该公
5、司拥有大多数股份。The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio.大多数人似乎都喜欢看电视，而不喜欢听收音机。4) native adj.本国的；本土的；n.C本国人；本地人；土著人 （1） adj.本国的；本土的native customs 当地风俗His native language is German.他的母语是德语。Potato is native to America.马铃薯是美洲产的。Many foreigners have gone native in China.许多外国人在中国已入乡随俗。（2） n.C本国人；本地人；土著
6、人a native of London(Wales/India/Kenya) 伦敦人（威尔士人/印度人/肯尼亚人）5）equal adj. 相等的；同等的；平等的Women demand equal pay for equal work.妇女要求同工同酬。Not all men are equal in ability.不是所有的人都有同样的能力。One kilometer is equal to five eighths of a mile.一公里等于八分之五英里。n.C相等的事物；（地位）相同的人As an artist, she knows no equal.作为艺术家，她是无以伦比的。
7、Let A be the equal of B.设 A 等于 B 。6) situation n.U位置，地点；地位；地势；Measures must be taken to meet the situation.必须采取措施以应付这种局面。The country is in a critical situation.国家处于紧急状态。a dangerous situation difficult situation困难的处境 危险的处境economic situation sbs financial situation 经济状况 某人的经济状况the geographical situati
8、on a good situation地理位置 好的形势 the international situation the domestic situation国际形势 国内形势7) international adj.国际的；世界的They signed an international agreement on nuclear waste.他们签定了关于核废料的国际协议。International bomber international date line洲际轰炸机 日界线international law international call国际公法 国际长途international
9、conventions国际惯例8) organization C组织，团体；机构；机制He had been engaged in the organization of a strike.他一直从事组织罢工工作build up /establish/form an organization建立起一个团体a charity organization a commercial organization慈善机构 商业团体an international organization a religious organization国际组织 宗教组织 a social organization a wo
10、man organization社会团体 妇女组织 9) tourism n.U游览；观光；观光事业Some countries obtain large sums of foreign exchange from tourism.有些国家靠观光事业赚取大量外汇。10) communicate vi. 交流；传递；传送 communication n. U 交流；传递 Deaf people communicate by sign language.聋人用手势交流 。The two friends havent communicated with each other for years.这两
11、个朋友已经多年没有联系了。communicate clearly communicate directly清楚地表达 直接交流communicate officially (unofficially)正式非正式地交流；官方非官方地交流11) knowledge n. C知识；学识We must broaden and enrich our knowledge.我们必须扩展和丰富我们的知识。He has a wide knowledge of history.他具有丰富的历史知识。absorb knowledge acquire knowledge吸取知识 获得知识accumulate know
12、ledge demand knowledge积累知识 需要知识spread knowledge actual knowledge传播知识 实际知识all branches of knowledge background knowledge各门学问 背景知识common knowledge an elementary knowledge常识 基础知识extensive knowledge general knowledge广阔的知识 一般知识12）make yourself at home 请不要拘束，随便一些13）forget to do sth.表示忘记要做某事I forgot to tel
13、l her about it.我忘记告诉他这事了 。He forgot to buy a newspaper.他忘了买报纸了。forget doing sth. 忘记曾做过某事 I forgot telling her about it .我忘记了曾把这事告诉过他。14）in total 总共；总计How many people took part in the activity in total ?15) mother tongue 母语What is your mother tongue?Chinese is my mother tongue.你的母语是什么？是汉语2.语言要点1）You
14、must be very tired.表示肯定推测一定正在做某事must +be doing sth. 一定正在做某事He must be writing a letter to his parents.She must be waiting for him.He must be telling lies.Must have done sth. 对过去的事情的肯定推测It must have rained last night.You must have seen this play before.注意：反义疑问句的形式 It must have rained last night, didn
15、t it?He must have finished his experiment, havent he? 虽然Must 表示肯定推测，但mustnt 却一定不能表推测。表示不可能的时候我们采用 cant。2)In China students learn English at school as a foreign language, except for those in Hong Kong.除了香港以外，中国学生都把英语当成一门外语学习。except for结构：表示对一个人或事物先做一个总体评价，然后就其局部提出一点看法，意为“除去一点以外”，“只是”Your composition
16、is good except for a few spelling mistakes.你的作文很好除了有一点拼写错误以外。The carpet is good except for its price.地毯很好，只是价钱太高。Except for John, the whole class passed the test.除了约翰以外，全班考试都通过了。3) With so many people communicating in English every day,we can see that it will be more and important to have a good kno
17、wledge of English.with +宾语+形容词/副词He slept with the window open.他开着窗户睡觉He was working there with only a shirt on .他只穿一件衬衫在那干活。with+宾语+介词短语The teacher came into the classroom with a book In his hand.老师手里拿着书走进了教室。with+宾语+doing With night coming on, we started for home .夜幕降临我们就动身回家了.The meeting ended wi
18、th all singing the International.会议以全体高唱国际歌结束。with+宾语+doneHe went away without a word more spoken. 他没再说一句话就走了。He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他站了一会，手依然举着。With+宾语 +to do With nothing to do, I went out for a walk.由于没有什么事可做，我便到外面去散步。With machinery to do all the work, they will soon h
19、ave got in the crops.由于所有的工作都由机器进行，他们将很快收完庄稼。3.语法说明1)学习直接引语和间接引语（2）：(1)祈使句：直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，在原祈使句前加 to 或否定的加 not to 。人称的变化He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它” He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。He said to me , “Ive left my book in your room.”他对我说：“我把书放在你的间了”He told me that he had l
20、eft his book in my room.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间了。时态的变化：如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时。直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。 直接引语转换成间接引语时态的变化例 句直接引语间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时 过去将来时He said , “Im afraid I cant finish this work”He said , “Im using the knife”She said, “I have no
21、t heard from him since May .”He said , “I came to help you.”He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”Zhou Lan said, “I ll do it after class”He said that he was he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.He said that he was using the knife.She said that she had not heard from him since May.
22、He said that he had come to help me.He said that he had finished his homework before supper.Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class. 指示代词,时间状语和动词的变化直接引语转换成间接引语的变化例 句直接引语间接引语This that这个 那个these those 这些 那些now then现在 那时today that day今天 那天yesterday the day before昨天 前一天tomorrow the next (followin
23、g) day 第二天 here there 这里 那里come go来 去She said , “I will come this morning”He said , “These books are mine.”He said , “It is nine oclock now.”He said , “I havent seen her today.”She said , “I went there yesterday.”She said , “Ill go there tomorrow.”He said , “My sister was here three days ago.”She sa
24、id , “I will come here this evening.”She said that she would go that morning He said that those books were his .He said that it was nine oclock then.He said that he hadnt seen her that day.She said that she had gone there the day beforeShe said that she would go there the next (following )day.He sai
25、d that his sister had been there three days before.She said that she would go there that evening.注：直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。He said , “Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound. 2)代词用法复习：种类：人称代词 、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词、用法：物主代词形容词性物主代词有： my your his her
26、 its our your their 一般作定语。名词性物主代词有： mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs一般作主语宾语和表语。反身代词: myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves一般作宾语、表语、同位语 指示代词 英语中的指示代词有 this that these those it such same等指示代词一般作主语、宾语、表语和定语注意：一般指以后要说的事，this是对下文而言。而 that 一般指已说的人和事物，对上文而言。疑问代词： 疑
27、问代词有 who whom whose what which whoever whatever whichever .疑问代词一般位于句首，构成特殊疑问句。不定代词不定代词有 both、either、neither、all、none、 each、every、some 、any、 another、other、no both表示两个人或事物（所修饰词和谓语动词为复数形式）具有形容词和代词的特征，可做主语、宾语、定语和同位语either表示两者中的一个，这个或那个，所修饰的谓语动词为单数。具有形容词和代词的特征，可作主语、宾语和定语注意： 还可作副词在否定句中意思是“也”Neither 表示两者中的
28、任何一个也不，所修饰词和谓语动词为单数，具有形容词和代词的特征，可作主语、宾语和定语all 表示三者以上的人或事物译为全体或都，所修饰词和谓语动词为复数。注意：有时表示不可数的东西，谓语动词用单数。none 表示没有一个人和东西的意思，多表三者以上的人或事物。只有代词特征，故不能作定语。可作主语（如想到所有人的情况，谓语动词用复数形式，如谈每个人的情况，谓语动词用单数形式），还可做宾语和同位语。如:None of us are perfect.None of them has that kind of experience.A friend to all is a friend to none
29、.We none of us said anything.No 这一不定代词是没有的意思，只有形容词的特征，只能作定语。Time waits for no man.No man is born wise.Its no trouble at all.each 表示每一、各、各自的意思。具有形容词和代词的特征，所修饰词和谓语动词为单数形式。可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。如：Each of us has something to say on the subject.Each of the rooms is sixteen feet square.Our class teacher had a ta
30、lk with each of us .Each month we had a meeting .We each have an English book. every 是每一个的意思，具有形容词的特征，只能作定语。如：Every room is bright and tidy.We have an English class every day.注意：all every both 的句子中如有not 出现，为部分否定；如表示全部否定含义则需使用 none 或 neitherNot all the animals hibernate in winter.不是所有的动物都在冬天冬眠。2）Both of us are not diligent。我们不都勤奋。3）Every boy isnt here .不是所有的男孩儿都在这。4）None of them are here.他们都不在这。any和 some 意思是一些、任何，可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。 通常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。I have some questions.There is some water in the bottle.If you have any questions, please ask.注意：但在疑问句中表示问对方想吃
