1、第一学期英语基础语翻译教案精课程英语基础语翻译班级09应用英语学期第一学期课时4累计课时56教师雷荣海上课日期8.26课程类型专业英语翻译理论与实践课程名称（章、节）基础翻译教学目的要 求翻译能力培养教学重点长句翻译教学难点长句拆译主要教具设备材料自备讲义课后记教学内容（板书）备注第一章 翻译实践中的短语处理第一节 名词词组一、汉语主谓结构名词词组 (1)A Sasakwawa Foundation donation of $1.6 million to Massey University in the New Zealand city of Palmerston North was hard
2、ly enough to make a small hole in the Sasakwawa Foundation pretty cash reserves.(2) (Why does the Moon appear larger when it is rising or setting?) Scientists have come up with various explanations ,including the muscle stain for the person looking up and the comparison of the Moon with other things
3、 on the horizon that makes it appear larger ,but thus far there is no widely accepted explanation of the phenomenon.(3)President Bill Clinton came to White House with his campaign pledge to spend an additional $20000million annually on Americas infrastructure to develop the world best communication,
4、 transportation, environmental system.教 案教 案教学内容（板书）备注第二节 词组为“形容词+名词”偏正结构1. 因果关系Some people may suspect him of a degree of underbred pride.2. 间接修饰关系。A famous mad doctor will come to our university to give a lecture on mental diseases.3.直接修饰关系One should always have a cheerful positive outlook on life
5、.4.逻辑主语关系（1）The solar-powerd,sixwheeled,22-pound vehicle will see where it going with 2 tiny TV cameras.5.并列关系The respect in which he was hold was partly owing to the man himself, with his warm friendliness and his gay spirits.教 案教学内容（板书）备注第二章 偏正词组第一节 形容词短语（一）含补足意义的形容词短语该类形容词短语构成句子部分信息，补足其所修饰的名词词组意义
6、，可灵活译为多种汉语形式。1. 形容词词组充当非限制性定语。（1） Thus the new nation secured for its birthright a vast internal empire rich in agricultural and mineral resources.说明：该形容词短语结构简单，译为前置宾语。（2） Cerro Prieto, twenty miles south of the United States borders, is a large geothermal energy filed, likely to produce 1000 megawa
7、tts of electricity annually by the early 1990s.（3） Scientists estimate that about 35000 other objects, too small to detect with radar but detectable with powerful Earth-based telescopes, are also circling the Earth at an altitude of 200to 700 miles.说明（2）-(3):形容词短语冗长，转译为独立分句。教 案教学内容（板书）备注(4)We were i
8、nterrupted when our cousin, Mary, a six-grader, red haired, tall and skinny as spaghetti, appeared in the doorway.(5).With three thousand million stars in it, the galaxy has a size unthinkable in usual terms.说明（4）（5）：形容词短语转译为谓语结构。2. 形容词短语充当表语，补足主语意义，常以为汉语动词结构。（1） The young of most bird species are t
9、otally dependent on parental care after hatching.（2） Barbara seemed completely hazy about things on witch she had been quite certain at the original trial five years earlier.第二节 含状语功能的形容词短语（1.）Able to go almost anywhere, even over the Allegheny barrier, the railroad defied weather.(2).Often modestly
10、-colored, and seemingly two-dimensional as they cling to whatever they find, inches grow in background as though designed to be ignored.教 案教学内容（板书）备注(3)Anxious to check inflation and rising living costs, the federal government appointed a board of supervisors to handle deliveries from the crops of 1
11、917 and 1918.第三章 介词短语第一节 .with词组（1）Today, education and related research continue to be M.I.T.s control purpose, with relevance to the practical world as guiding principle.说明：With词组可汉译为并列分句。（2）.A special attraction is the Doll Gallery, with pieces from the collections of former Senator Barry Goldwat
12、er.(3)Naturally, with such distances, the climate in the Continental U.S. also covers great extremes.(4)Many Third World nations with high unemployment and low wages have seen an emigration of workers to the developed nations.教 案教学内容（板书）备注(5)Throughout the U.S. tens of thousands of people with heart
13、s that should be good enough to keep them alive die or lack of adequate first aid.(6).(Knowledge is power, but still more the ability of acquiring and using knowledge is power)If you come out of college with a trained mind ad nothing use for in it, you will still be ahead. And still, in a manner , e
14、ducated.说明：“with”词组汉译为动宾结构。(7)He was a tall, lanky young man with slightly drooped shoulders and an unruly mop of coarse dark hair that sweep across his forehead.(8)With the action of sunlight on cells containing chlorophyll and other materials, chemical reactions occur in trees, and oxygen is relea
15、sed.(9)Hall allowed that he was a good tenor. With that, they sent a bellboy around the lobby to find a bass.说明：“with”词组作为固定结构，意为“于是”，“说着就”。教 案教学内容（板书）备注第二节as词组“as+NP。”意为身份、用途、目的等语义，翻译时不必囿于“作为”形式。(1) Scottsdales long time mayor, Herb Drinkwater, came to the Sun Valley as a teenager during the 1940s
16、,so asthmatic that his lips and fingernails turned blue with effort of walking across a room.(2) Ankara sees its planned oil pipe liner as a key to Turkeyemergence as the regions leading political and economic power.(3) I had to admit she knew he business as a designer.(4) Solar power is receiving w
17、ide attention as a possible source of clean, inexpensive and abundant energy.(5) (5)Some of the notebooks George Washington kept as a young man are still in existence today.教 案教学内容（板书）备注第三节between翻译时根据上下文判断“between”之后各语言单元的并列关系，避免歧义的产生。(1) Historical linguistics is mainly concerned with the historic
18、al relations between and within languages.(2) In considering how those affected by folklore view it , malinowski refers to the Trobriand Islanders who differentiate between what he defines as fairy tales, legends and myths.说明：“between”一般用于二者之间，该句中“between”之后有三个并列成分，用以强调每二者间的区别，再如“Can you tell the di
19、fference between gases, liquids and solids?(3) The connection between concepts and statements on the one hand and sensory date on the other hand is established through acts of counting and measuring.教 案教学内容（板书）备注(4) The small farm would never have supported a hired hand. Hagg and his wife ran it bet
20、ween them.说明：“do something between ”指两人共同做。(5) One has to choose between being popular and being true to ones innermost ideals.(6) She milked the cows, fed the pigs and chickens, and collected the eggs. Between these chores, she bustled into the kitchen to prepare the meal.说明：“between”指“前后几件事的间隔之中”。
21、第四节四） among词组1.“among”原意为“在中间”，用于三者或三者以上。（1）My home town stands among the hill.(2) Intensive-care units of hospitals, communications and microelectronics are among the sectors likely to be unaffected by climatic change.(3)Young Charles was a precious readers, and as a child browsed among the previou
22、s century.教 案教学内容（板书）备注2.”among+形容词最高级”,用作标语或补足语时，表示“之一”。(1).Though the firm employed some of Americas finest artists , artistic excellent still could not be counted among the firm s real goals.(2).Among the most versatile of the common metals ,lead was widely valued and used in ancient times.说明“amo
23、ng”词组补足主语“lead”的意义。3. Clara Mass was the only woman to participate in the experiment in search of the cause of yellow fever and among the few volunteers to die from it. among other things 可译为“除之外，还.”；“尤其”。（1） Among other things the fall of Constantinople planted the seeds of the current warfare betw
24、een Christians and Muslins in Bosnia(2) Among other things , Malson wants the High Lamas help in turning over to the authorities the American, Henry Barnard, who is an embezzler traveling incognito.教 案教学内容（板书）备注第四章 介词短语2与非限制性动词第一节含“of”词组 依据of介词词组与其前面的名词词组的各种不同意义的关系，灵活翻译。1. 逻辑动宾关系“the+动作名词+of词组结构中，后名
25、词词组是其前面动作的逻辑宾语。（1） This group of exhibition halls and shopping centers had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, it has returned to life with the skill Full reuse of there fine old buildings. 2. 逻辑主谓关系 （1） This juxtaposition of the tranqui
26、l and the violent was an almost compulsive preoccupation of Picassos in the 20s and 30s.教 案教学内容（板书）备注第二节 非限制性动词（一） 形容词性非限定动词短语（1） The digital computer is an electronic machine which contains thousands of tiny circuits characterized by the fact that they have only two states :complete and broken.（2）
27、The universe consists of billions of galaxies flying apart as if from an explosion that set in motion（3） A novel car will be seen at the race to be held at Le Mans ,France ,in 1995.（4） Heavy TV watchers appeared to be somewhat desensitized or “turned off ”to violence ,suggesting the possibility of a
28、n emotional blunting in the presence of witness violence.教 案教学内容（板书）备注（二） 副词性非限定动词短语（1） The sea trial lasted a total of 8 days, giving the chief engineer a opportunity to test fuel consumption of freight at all types of weather conditions.（2） “Sir” Duncan said ,speaking before the President could op
29、en the meeting and eyeing him for his reaction “I suggest we let the engineering report wait until weve done our other business”.（3） These computers are advertised as having memories of 16K of 512K. depending on their storage capacity. （4） Primary memory is closely associated with the CPU because it
30、 stores programs and data temporarily ,making them immediately available for processing by the CPU.教 案教学内容（板书）备注第五章 主要句型结构第一节 定语从句定语从句不仅局限于限定先行项，其语法、语义功能丰富多样，汉语翻译时挖掘句子深层结构中逻辑意义关系，灵活变更原定语从句成分及表达形式。（1）In half the area of the country ,containing 25 percent of its population ,get help residents must cal
31、l a 7-digit emergency number that varies from area ,which can result in life robbing delay of several minutes.(2) Historically ,the standard variety of English is based on the London dialect of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court Winchester to London.(3)(The artificial arm approaches an ideal in the science of prosthetics because it responds to directions from the brain). Ten contact heads in the device worn around the wai
