1、新概念2知识点总结新概念2知识点总结第一部分、时态总结一、一般过去时；一、定义。1. 表示过去的动作或状态，常和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, three days ago, in 1998,just now等，或与由when引导的从句连用。2. 也可以表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复出现的动作。句子中常带有every day, often, usually, always, sometimes等时间状语。例：When I worked in the pany, I got up early every morning. 在那家公司上班时，我每天早晨都起得
2、很早。In the past few years she usually went touring during her summer holidays.在过去的几年里，每逢暑假她总是出去旅游。二、一般过去时态句子结构1 Be 动词的一般过去时态在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词， am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.如：I was late yesterday.We werent late yesterday. She wasnt a teacher three years ago.Were you ill yesterday? Were they once your
3、classmates？ -Yes, I was. -No, I wasnt.Who were your best friends in your primary school?2. 实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did. 如：I went home at nine oclock yesterday. I didnt go home yesterday. He didnt tell me about you. Did you go home yesterday?-Yes, I did. -No, I didnt. When
4、did you finish your homework last night/the day before yesterday? 3. 助动词和情态动词过去式如下：shallshould（将要）用于第一人称单数 willwould（将要）用于所有人称can could（能，会） maymight（可以） mustmust （必须） have tohad to（不得不）助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式，后面的动词还使用原形。如： I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。) 三、一般过去时态动词变化形式一般过去时态由动词的过去式表示
5、。大多数动词的过去式是在动词原形后加上ed构成。这类动词称为规则动词。1） 一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。 如：playplayed workworked2） 以e结尾的动词只加d. 如：like- liked loveloved 3） 以辅音字母+Y结尾的动词，变Y为I，再加ed. 如：studystudied carrycarried4） 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写最后这个辅音字母，再加ed. 如：stopstopped 5） 不以ed 结尾的过去式，称为不规则动词,如：write（写） -wrote go-went do-did have-had see-sa
6、w take-took make-made e-came buy-bought技巧：巧记一般过去时：【一巧】时间状语（即标志词）巧。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，恰巧与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样，形式多样：当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时，谓语动词用was；主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时，谓语动词用were。 例如： I was in the classroom yesterday morning 昨天早上我在教室里。 He was at school last Tuesday 上周二他在学校。 They were over there a
7、moment ago 刚才他们在那边。【三巧】否定句结构巧。与动词be的一般现在时一样，它在动词后面加not即可变成否定句，并且was, were与not可以缩写成wasnt, werent。即： 主语 wasnt werent 表语 其他。例如： I was not (wasnt) here yesterday 昨天我不在这儿。 My parents were not (werent) at home last Sunday 上周日我父母不在家。【四巧】 疑问句式巧。把was, were提到句首，句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即：Was(Were) 主语 表语 其他？这恰巧与动词be的一般现
8、在时的疑问句式相似。例如：Were you at home the day before yesterday 前天你在家吗？ Was she late this morning今天早上她迟到了吗？更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语waswere”； 否定回答用“No,主语wasntwerent”。 例如：Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now 刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗？ Yes, they were (No, they werent) 是的，她们在。（不，她们不在。）练习一、用be动词的适当形式填空1I _ an English teac
9、her now.2She _ happy yesterday.3They _ glad to see each other last month.4Helen and Nancy _ good friends.5The little dog _ two years old this year.6Look, there _ lots of grapes here.7Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. 二、用动词的适当形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon o
10、n Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6.Jim _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday.8. What _
11、 she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night.3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They _ (pl
12、ay) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party.9. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday.10. We all _ (have) a good time last night.11. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 二、现在完成时一句型：Eg: I have finished
13、my homework. He hasnt watered the flowers. Have they watched the film? -Yes, they have. -No, they havent.二用法1、现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果Eg. I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jim has (just/already) e. (含义：吉姆现在在这儿)My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) 2、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时
14、刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. for+时段since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）since+时段+agosince+从句（过去时）It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）E.g. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 三、现在完成时的标志 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: * 以already, just和yet为标志 He has alrea
15、dy got her help.他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。He hasnt e back yet.他还没有回来。* 以ever和never为标志This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。* 以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。* 以so far（到目前为止）为标+before He has
16、got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用 3)现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用.四、过去分词变法小结1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 e.g. work-worked-worked (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 e.g. live-lived-lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 +
17、 y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2 、不规则动词：AAA型 E.g. let let let cut cut cutAAB型 E.g. beat beat beatenABA型 E.g. bee became bee run ran runABB型 E.g. bring brought brought feel felt
18、 feltABC型 E.g. begin began begun drive drove driven 五、易混知识辨析1、has gone (to),has been (to)的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai. 2、since和for的区别since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got
19、 therefor后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise:1、 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _1
20、974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.Keys：1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since2、单项选择1. -Where have you _, Kate? -Ive
21、_ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone 2、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written3、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed
22、; better4、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying5、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew 6、_ you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; fini
23、shed. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish7、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in8、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been 3、填空。1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _ (fi
24、nish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (e) back from work. He is tired now.4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I _ just
25、_ (finish) my homework. 9._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 10. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? 三、一般将来时一、用法.“will / shall + 动词原形”构成的一般将来时，其被动形式为“will / shall + be + 过去分词”。(1) 表示单纯的将来。如：Her elder sister will be thirty years old next month. 下个月她姐姐就30岁了。(2) 表示在说话时决定要去做某事。如：We are really
26、 lost. Ill stop to ask someone the way. 我们真的迷路了。我要停下来问问路。(3) 用于“祈使句+连词+简单句”固定句式中。如：Go straight on and youll see a church. You wont miss it. 直走你就会看到一座教堂，你不会错过的。二一般将来时的句型(have/has done)1.肯定句：The workers will build a new school here next year. 2.否定句：He wont play football with you before he finishes his
27、 work. 3.疑问句：Will you be back in ten minutes? 4.特殊疑问句：Where will you go next week? 三、注意事项 1. 用“be going to动词原形”构成的一般将来时。 (1) 人作主语时表示打算，“有计划要做”。如：My daughter is going to be a doctor when she grows up. 我女儿打算长大后当医生。(2) 物作主语时表示目前有迹象表明将要发生某事，“有的趋势（如天气变化）”。如：Look at the black clouds. Its going to rain. 看那
28、些乌云，要下雨了。(3). 在含有条件状语从句的主从复合句中，主句一般不用begoingto，而常用will（第一人称用shall）。从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时：如： Thefootballmatchwillbeputoffifitrainstomorrow.如果明天下雨，足球赛将被推迟举行。(4). 在时间、条件或让步状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来。如： They will go home for the winter vacation as soon as they finish their exams.他们一考完试就回家过寒假。Exercise()1. He _ able to e
29、 on Friday because he fails in his exam. A. will be notB. will not beC. is going to beD. isnt going be()2. When _ again?-When he _, Ill let you know.A. he es ;es B. will he e;will eC. he es ;will he e D. will he e;es ()3. Do you think Tom _ his uncle if he arrives?A. calledB. callsC. will callD. is calling()4. Dont get of
