1、中考动词的时态语法中考动词的时态语法一、动词的八中时态时态用法示例一般现在时（结构：主语+be动词（am/is/are）+其他/主语+实义动词原型/第三人称单数形式+其他）1、表示经常性动作或习惯性动作或者状态，常见的时间标志词有often；sometimes；usually；always；on Sunday；every day等I listen to English news every day.2、表示普遍真理、客观存在或科学事实The moon moves around the earth.3、在时间、条件状语从句当中为主将从现If it rains tomorrow，we wont g
2、o to the park.一般过去式（结构：主语+be动词（was/were）+其他/主语+实义动词过去式+其他）1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的某种状态，常见的标志词有yesterday；just now；two days ago；lastnight，the other day；this morning Our family went to Guangzhou last year.2、表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作，常与always；usually；often；sometimes；never等频度副词连用When i was a little girl, i often
3、played the piano after school.3、有些句子没有明确表示过去时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态，应当用一般过去式What was the final score？（说话的时候比分已经出来）I left my book in the lab.一般将来时（结构：主语+will/shall+动词原型+其他；主语+be going to+动词原型+其他）1、表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常见的时间标志词有tonight，tomorrow，in the future，soon，next week等They will leave for shang
4、hai next week.2、主语为I，we是，一般用shall征求意见Where shall we meet tomorrow？3、祈使句+and/or+含有将来时的句子Work hard，and you will succeed.4、be going to do表示计划，打算做，表示意愿时只能用willWhat are you going to do tomorrow？5、be going to do意为马上做某事He is about to leave for beijing.6、有些句子没有明确表示将来的时间状语，但是实际上是指将要发生的动作或者情况，应当用一般现在时We have
5、no more vegetable in the fridge. I will go and buy some.7、进行时态表示将来,这些词有go；come；leave；stayI am coming.现在进行时（结构：主语+am/is/are+v-ing形式）1、表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的动作.句中往往有now；at the moment等时间状语或者有look、listen等提示词Hurry up! Other classmates are waiting for us now.2、习惯进行，表示长期的或者重复性的动作，说话时动作未必进行Mr.Green is writing a
6、nother novel.3、表示渐变的动词有get；grow；become；turn；run；go；begin等The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.4、有些句子没有明确表示现在进行时的时间状语，但是实际上是指动作现在正在发生，应当用现在进行时Someone is knocking at the door.Can you open it?过去进行时（结构：was/were doing）1表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，在句中常常包含at that time；this time yesterday，at 7：00 la
7、st night；at that moment等时间状语，有点则是通过上下文语境暗示某动作在过去的某个时刻正在进行I was doing some reading this time yesterday.现在完成时（结构：主语+has/have+动词的过去分词）1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果，常与already(用于肯定的完成时态，用于疑问句表示惊讶)，yet（用在否定句或者疑问句当中，表示尚未），just；ever；so far；before等词连用You have already grown much taller.2、表示发生在过去的动作延续到现在，并可能继续进
8、行下去，常与表示一段时间的状语连用（如for+时间段或since+时间点/从句）I have studied English for three years.3、有些句子当中没有明确的现在完成时态的时间状语，但是时间上是指动作现在已经完成并造成一定的影响，应当用现在完成时态Our team has got another point. I am sure well win the game.4、延续性动词与非延续性动词：buy-have；borrow-keep；open-be open；close-be close；begin/start-be on;come-be here;go/leave
9、-be away;finish-be over;die-be dead;catch a cold-have a cold;put on-wear;get up-be up;wake up-be awake;join-be in;fall asleep-be asleep;arrive/reach-be过去完成时态（构成：had done）1、用于宾语从句当中，主句为过去时态，从句当中的现在完成时态变成过去完成时态2、使用过去完成时的动作发生在该过去动作之前。时间状语为by last week； by the end of last year过去将来时（构成：would do；was/were
10、going to do）1、宾语从句当中，主句过去式，从句将来时变成过去将来时,时间状语为next day等2、曾经打算做was/were going to do二、怎样确定时态1、根据时间状语 特定的时间状语往往标志着特定的时态，如our team _(win) two competitions last term. 根据时间状语last term可知赢得比赛这个动作发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，所以填won。2、利用上下文语境判断句子的时态 河北省绝大数情况下，动词的时态是由上下文的语境来决定的，如the dress _(feel)smooth and soft. 首先分析语境：这条裙子摸
11、起来既光滑又柔软，再根据句意以及汉语的习惯可知此处用一般现在时。3、在复合句当中根据时态确定时态（1）主将从现原则，如果主句是一般现在时，从句是由when、after、before、not.until,as soon as等引导时间状语从句或者由if，unless等引导的条件状语从句，那么从句谓语动词用一般现在时表示将来（2）时态一致原则（3）在主从复合句中，如果主句和从句的谓语动词表示两个动作都发生在过去，那么延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时，通常在when引导的时间状语从句中出现如：I _to my friends on the phone when he knocked a
12、t the door. When引导的时间状语从句的时态为一般现在时态，且knocked为短暂性动词，主句表示延续性的谓语动词应用过去进行时（4）当主句的谓语动词的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时态时，后面所跟的宾语从句中谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制，可以根据具体情况选用合适的时态。4、根据固定句型与动词时态间的对应关系确定时态（1）在祈使句+and/or +陈述句句型中，陈述句中一般将来时，即“will+动词原型（2）在this/that/it is the first time that.句型当中，that引导的从句用现在完成时。若is改为was就用过去完成时态，有时以上结构可
13、以换成second，third.等，其中的time也可以换成其他名词如： this is the first time that I (have watched) a baseball game.”5、根据特定动词时态的对应关系确定时态，如look使用现在进行时一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。C In the old times, there was a king. He had a very beautiful garden. In the garden, there was a tree with golden apples
14、on it. But one day, one of the apples was missing. The king decided to order a person to keep watching the tree at night. The king had three sons. He decided to send the eldest one to watch the tree. But in the middle of the night, the eldest son fell asleep. The next morning, another apple was miss
15、ing. The second night, the king sent the second eldest son. But the second eldest son also fell asleep at midnight. And another apple was missing the next morning. The third night, the king sent his youngest son. The youngest son kept watching the tree. At twelve oclock, he saw a bird. It was a gold
16、en bird. It picked an apple and flew away, but it left a golden feather. The youngest son picked it up, and the next morning, he took it to the king. He told his father what he had seen at night. Hearing this, the king was very happy. He ordered his youngest son to guard the tree every night. He wan
17、ted him to catch the bird. However, in the end, they couldnt catch the bird and all the golden apples on the tree were taken away by the golden bird.（1）Before the third night, how many apples have been missing?A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four（2）What can we know from Paragraph 4?A.It was a bird that stole the
18、 apples.B.The youngest son fell asleep at twelve oclock.C.The youngest son tried to catch the golden bird but failed.D.The king asked the youngest son to bring the golden feather to him.（3）What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A.The king was very angry with the bird.B.The youngest son was v
19、ery busy every night.C.The king wanted his youngest son to catch the bird.D.The youngest son didnt catch the bird and lost all of the apples.（4）Whats the main idea of the passage?A.Dont be lazy when you are working.B.Where there is a will, there is a way.C.Dont give up the whole forest because of on
20、e tree.D.A bad beginning may cause a bad ending.【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】短文大意：国王发现自己的金苹果树丢了个金苹果，于是派出了自己的三个儿子去看守，前两晚因为两个儿子半夜睡着了，两个苹果丢了，第三晚，最小的儿子发现了是一只金鸟偷了一个苹果，但是也留下了一根金色的羽毛，国王获知后，他想抓住这只鸟，但结果是所有的苹果都被鸟儿带走了。（1）细节理解题。第三晚前总共丢失了三个苹果，故选C。（2）细节理解题。从 It was a golden bird. It picked an apple and flew away
21、可知苹果是金色的鸟儿偷走的，故选A。（3）细节理解题。从in the end, they couldnt catch the bird and all the golden apples on the tree were taken away by the golden bird.可知选D。（4）主旨概括题。国王因为想要金色鸟儿而丢失了树上的所有苹果，得不尝试。故C“不要因为一棵树而放弃整个森林 ”。【点评】考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。2阅读理解 In a nice house there lived an old man. Behind
22、 the house there was a big garden. He planted many plants there. He took care of hisflowers all the time, watering and fertilizing (施肥) them. One day a young man went by the garden. He looked at the beautiful flowers, imagining how happy he could be if he lived in such a beautiful place. Then, sudde
23、nly he found the old gardener was blind. He was very _ about this and asked, “You cant see these flowers.Why are you busy taking care of them every day?” The old man smiled and said, “I can tell you somereasons. First, I was a gardener when I was young, and I really like this job. Second,althoughI c
24、ant see these flowers, I can touch them.Third, I can smell the sweetness of them. As to the last one, thatsyou.” “Me? But you dont know me,” said the young man. “Yeah, itstruethat I dont know you. But I know that flowers are angels that everybodyknows. We enjoy the happiness these flowers have broug
25、ht us.” The blind mans work opened our eyes andpleasedour heart, which also made his lifehappier. It was just like Beethoven, who became deaf in his later life and wrote many great musical words. Beethoven himself couldnthearhis wonderful music, but his music hasencouragedmillions of people to face
26、their difficulties bravely. Isnt it one kind of happiness?（1）Which is the best word we can put in the blanket”_” in Paragraph 2? A.excited.B.surprised.C.worried.D.relaxed.（2）How many reasons did the old man mentioned? A.ThreeB.FourC.FiveD.Six（3）What was the correct order in which these events happen
27、ed? a. The old man explained. b. The young man went by the garden. c. The old man watered the flowers. d. The young man found the old man was blind.A.b-c-a-dB.c-b-a-dC.b-c-d-aD.c-b-d-a（4）Who is Beethoven? A.The young man.B.The old man.C.A gardener.D.A musician.（5）What is the best title for the text？
28、 A.The Wise Young ManB.The Nice FlowersC.The Blind GardenerD.A Kind of Happiness.【答案】 （1）B（2）B（3）D（4）D（5）D 【解析】【分析】词义猜测。excited兴奋的；surprised吃惊的；worried担心的；relaxed放松的。根据语境可知“他突然发现老园丁是盲人”，所以他非常“惊讶”，问他，“你看不见这些花儿，为什么每天照顾他们。”故选B。细节理解。根据文章中老人的话Third, I can smell the sweetness of them. As to the last one,
29、thatsyou可知老人一共列出了四个理由，故选B。细节理解。根据文章描述可知，老人在浇花儿，一个年轻人经过，发现老人是盲人，他感到好奇，问老人原因，老人做出解释，故选D。推理判断。根据最后一段Beethoven himself couldnthearhis wonderful music, but his music hasencouragedmillions of people to face their difficulties bravely.可知贝多芬是一位音乐家。故选D。主旨大意。本文通过一位年轻人与失明的园丁的对话折射出一个道理，给别人带来快乐也是一种快乐。故选D。【点评】考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。3根据短文内容，判断正误。 I was 15 months old, a happy and carefree kid, until the day I fell. It was a bad fall. I landed on a piece of glass that cut my eye badly. From then on, m
