1、多氯苯回收为邻，对位二氯苯。本设计说明书的主要内容包括：生产方法的论证、能量衡算、主体设备设计、主要设备的选型和工艺尺寸的计算、车间的设备布置，以及技术经济指标分析。氯苯是化学工业，尤其是石油化学工业中重要的有机原料和产品之一，它被广泛用于医药中间体、食品添加剂、化妆品及化工产品（如苯酚、硝基氯苯）的工业生产中。目前，氯苯在国内外的需求都比较大，我国氯化苯的快速发展实际上是与下游产品硝基氯苯的不断扩建和新建有关系，目前国内氯化苯消费量的80%用于合成硝基氯苯，所有硝基氯苯生产企业都要配套建设氯化苯装置，可以说硝基氯苯市场及变化与氯化苯休戚相关。加上环境保护、可持续发展的倡导，对工艺生产提出了更
2、高的要求。氯苯的工业生产主要有两种，工艺上主要有苯液相氯化法和苯气相氯化法。苯液相氯化法以脱水后的干苯和电解氯为原料，在路易斯型催化剂（如FeCl3、MnCl2或SnCl4）存在下，经催化而得。本设计采用苯液相空气氯化法的原因：其工艺生产环境友好，是一种绿色环保工艺，三废少，而且反应条件温和，从经济可行性上面分析，生产工艺简单，生产成本较低，价格更便宜，成本低，收率高，安全性好等优点，在国外内应用比较广泛，已经实现了大规模的工业生产，是目前生产氯苯的主要方法。所以，综合考虑，采用苯液相氯化法作为本设计的最终设计方案。通过物料衡算计算出反应器各物质的流速，通过物料衡算计算出气液分离器、精馏塔等塔
3、釜各物质的流速。通过热量衡算计算出各相阶段的热负荷以及产生的蒸汽量。通过热量衡算计算出废热锅炉取出的热量和产生的蒸汽的量。通过热量衡算计算出各物质的进出塔的热量以及进出塔温度。通过热量衡算计算出各换热器的热负荷以及冷冻水或者蒸汽的流速。最后对主要设备进行详细地设计以及电子绘图。本项目符合国家产业政策，符合地区发展规划和环境规划，符合清洁生产及循环经济要求。工程建设可采取有效的污染控制措施，建成后三废可以实现达标排放，可以满足总量控制要求，实现地区环境质量不变，经济上属于附加值较高的经济性产业。从环境保护的角度看，本项目的建设是可行的。在设计过程中，我们查阅了大量的资料，对氯苯的生产工艺有了一定
4、的了解，掌握工艺设计的方法和设备设计的要求并对其阶段进行的一系列的详细的设计，使自己的理论知识得到更深刻的理解和更广泛的应用，由于整个设计比较复杂，不但可以培养我们自己动手的能力，还可以养成做事细心的好习惯，同时，养成了吃苦耐劳的精神，对以后的工作和学习打下了一定的基础。在设计过程中，使自己的各项指示和能力都得到了培养和提高，为以后独立的承担类似的工作做准备打下了一定的基础。关键词：氯苯；苯液相空气氯化法；氯化器；精馏塔；设备设计DESIGN INSTRUCTIONThe design always explained this design according to design proje
5、ct description request, in deference technology advanced, in craft reliable, in economy reasonable, the principles of system optimization. This design uses benzene and chlorine in FeCl3 catalysis under continuous chloride chloride liquid, water-washing, neutralization, distillation, distillation, re
6、moving excess benzene and chlorobenzene and refined benzene chloride. Reaction to release hydrogen chloride water absorption into hydrochloric acid; multiple chlorobenzene recovery for ortho-two chlorobenzene and para-two chlorobenzene. This design instruction booklet primary coverage includes: The
7、production method proof, the energy graduated arm calculate, the main body equipment design, the main equipment shaping and the craft size computation, the workshop arrangement of equipment, as well as technical economic indicator analysis.Chlorobenzene is an important organic raw material and also
8、one of the products in the chemical industry, especially in the petrochemical industry, it is widely used in pharmaceutical intermediates, food additives, cosmetics and chemical products （such as phenol, Nitrochlorobenzene） industrial production. At present, the chlorobenzene is greatly demanded at
9、home and abroad, China s rapid development of chlorinated benzene is actually and downstream products of nitrochlorobenzene continues to extend and build a relationship, the current domestic chlorinated benzene consumption 80% used in the synthesis of nitrochlorobenzene, all nitrochlorobenzene produ
10、ction enterprises will be supporting the construction of chlorinated benzene device, can say nitrochlorobenzene market and change and benzene chloride be bound together in a common cause.Coupled with environmental protection, advocacy for sustainable development, a higher requirement on the producti
11、on process is proposed.There are mostly four ways to produce chlorobenzene in industry, The process mainly benzene liquid phase chlorination of benzene gas chlorination. Benzene liquid chloride in dry benzene dehydration and electrolytic chlorine as raw materials, Lewis catalyst （such as the presenc
12、e of FeCl3, MnCl2, SnCl4）, catalyticderived. This design uses benzene liquid-phase air chlorination method to produce chlorobenzene, because the production process environment is good, and is green technology. Also it wastes less and it has mild reaction conditions; analyze from the economic feasibi
13、lity, for instance, simple production technology, low production cost, high yield, good safety and so on, and it is widely used in domestic and overseas and benzene liquid-phase air chlorination method is current main method of producing chlorobenzene. So, after full considering, we select benzene l
14、iquid-phase air chlorination method as the final design scheme of the design.Calculate the material flow velocity in the reactor by material balance calculation, and calculate the material flow velocity in the gas-liquid separator, in the distillation column reactor, as well as in other towers. Calc
15、ulate the heat load and the quantity of generated steam in various phases by heat balance calculation. Calculate the removed heat from the waste heat boiler and the quantity of generated steam by heat balance calculation. Calculate the heat and the temperature in and out of the tower by heat balance calculation. Calculate the heat load of the heat exchanger and flow rate of chilled water or steam. Finally, we should design in detail for the major equipment and do the electronic drawing.This project conforms to the country industrial policy, conforms to the local development plan
