1、北师大版高中英语选修8 Unit22 知识要点梳理Unit22 知识要点梳理1. dvocate vt. 提倡；主张advocate sth./doing sth.拥护；主张advocatethat从句，从句中的谓语动词应用(should)动词原形 Do you advocate keeping all children at school till the age of sixteen？你主张将义务教育延长至16岁吗？The report advocated that all buildings be fitted with smoke detectors.报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探
2、测器。温馨提示：advocate n提倡者；拥护者(尤指对某一主义或目的)an advocate of sb./sth.支持的人We are advocates of equal pay for men and women.我们都是提倡男女同酬者。创新应用：1.句子翻译你主张接受他们的邀请吗？【答案】Do you advocate accepting their invitation?2. substitute n代替品；代用品；vt. 用代替；vi.替代；取代(1)a substitute for.的代替者a milk/meat substitute 代乳/肉制品(2)substitute
3、A for Bsubstitute B with A用A代替/取代Bsubstitute for 代替，取代You can substitute honey for sugar.你可以用蜂蜜代替糖。Bill substituted for Larry who was off sick.拉里因病没有上班，比尔顶替了他。温馨提示：replace与substitute 用法比较replace多指以新换旧，以好换坏，常与介词with连用。replace A with B 用B替换Asubstitute 多指“暂时代替或代理”的意思，常与介词for连用。So even the olive wreath
4、has been replaced!就连橄榄枝花环也被替代了！创新应用：2.It is wise of you to welltrained workers untrained ones in the assembly line.Asubstitute；for Bsubstitute；withCreplace；by Dreplace；with【答案】A3. represent v代表 用做动词意为“代表，象征；表述，描绘；representative n代表人；adj.有代表性的represent.as把描述为represent to向说明，交涉be representative of.代表,
5、 集中地体现”等；名词为representation代理，表述。500contestants representing 8 countries attended the competition.代表八个国家的五百名选手参加了本次比赛。The union represents the interests of the workers.工会代表工人的利益。This painting represents a storm at sea.这幅画表现的是海上风暴。The king is represented as a hero in the play.剧中国王的形象是一个英雄。温馨提示： stand
6、for与represent用法比较：(1)stand for意为“代表；象征”；指符号或标志的意义，不可用于被动语态。(2)represent意为“表示，表达；代表，象征”；指同类人或事物中最典型的，可用于被动语态。CCTV stands for China Central Television Station.CCTV代表“中国中央电视台”。The country was represented at the conference by the Foreign Minister.代表那个国家出席会议的是外交部长。创新应用：3.用represent的适当形式填空：(1)Mr Li was ch
7、osen to our school at the meeting.(2)Zhang Qiyue the government to give a talk at the congress.(3)The thirteen colonies that have announced independence are by the thirteen stars on the flag.(4)He will be of our class to sing at the school si 【答案】(1)represent(2)stands for/represented(3)represented(4
8、)representative4. general n& adj.一般(的)；总的in general use普遍使用a general idea大意general knowledge常识a general manager总经理in generalin most casesgenerally speaking一般说来as a general rule 一般说来；通常 I dont give interviews as a general rule (usually)，but in this case Ill make an exception.通常我不接受采访，但这一次算是例外。In gene
9、ral，boys are more brave than girls.一般说来，男生比女生勇敢。温馨提示：common，usual，ordinary与general用法比较：(1)common是(几乎)所有的人或事物所共有的，常见的，普通的，有“习见习闻，并不高贵”的意思，指品质时，则为“低劣的”。(2)usual指由过去的经验可判断为正常或通常的，因此是按照预测发生的。(3)ordinary表示与一般事物的标准、品质、习俗相同，平凡而不特殊，着重平淡无奇。(4)general是关联到同类中全部的、广泛的。He came to school early as usual.他照常早早到校了。创新
10、应用：4.用common，usual，ordinary与general正确形式填空：(1)This is a very idiom.(2)This is a(n) event.(3)The two sisters have little in in their manners.(4)Thunder is the sign of a coming storm.(5)She is in a(n) dress.(6)Breast cancer is the most form of cancer among women in this country.(7)This opinion is among
11、 the population. world.(8)This was no meeting：it would change the future of the world.【答案】(1)common(2)ordinary(3)common(4)usual(5)ordinary(6)common(7)common；general(8)ordinary5. measure nC 计量单位，措施；U 尺寸；v.测量，斟酌 make clothes to ones own measure量体裁衣 take measures (to do sth.)采取措施(做) take measures again
12、st sth.采取措施反对/制止, We must take measures against pollution. 我们必须采取措施制止污染。 Lets make a suit to your own measure. 咱们给你量体裁衣。温馨提示：take action采取行动take steps采取步骤If you dont follow us，well take action.如果你不跟随我们，我们将采取行动。创新应用：5.I realized strength and courage arent always in medals and victories，but in the str
13、uggles we overcome.Ameasured BpraisedCtested Dincreased【解析】从下文判断此处为作者认识到参赛的真正意义和评价选手的标准，“力量和勇气不是通过金牌和胜利来衡量的”。【答案】A6. cover v盖，掩盖，行过(路程)，报导，读；n.盖子，封面，封底，包皮 cover sth.盖住cover.with.用盖住cover 30 pages读三十页cover an area of.占地面积为cover 2,000 li走了两千里cover a conference报导会议a cover for a pan锅盖under cover隐藏着under
14、 the cover of在的掩护下，趁着 We all know that lies can not cover facts.我们都知道谎言掩盖不了事实。He covered many things that we dont know.他报导了很多我们不知道的事情。They stopped for the night after covering a distance of 200 li.走了两百里之后，他们停下来准备过夜。温馨提示：uncover vt.揭开的盖子；揭露；发现Agents have uncovered a plot against the President.特工人员发现了
15、一个反对总统的阴谋。 创新应用：6.How many pages have you so far？Can you return the book me tomorrow?Alooked；for Bseen；withCcovered；to Dturned；/【解析】cover在此表示“阅读”之意；读书不可用see或look。return sth.to sb.把某物归还某人。【答案】C7(2009年山东卷)Do you have enough to all your daily expenses?Oh yes，enough and to spare.Acover BspendCfill Doffer【解析】句意：你有足够用以支付日常费用的钱吗？是的，足够并且还有节余的。【答案】A7. flee(fled，fled) vt.逃跑；逃走，逃避，消失；vi.逃离，逃
