1、本科毕业设计外文文献及译文文献、资料题目：Designing Against Fire Of Building文献、资料来源：国道数据库文献、资料发表（出版）日期：2008.3.25院 （部）： 土木工程学院专 业： 土木工程班 级： 土木辅修091姓 名： 武建伟学 号： 2008121008指导教师： 周学军、李相云翻译日期： 20012.6.1外文文献:Designing Against Fire Of Buliding John Lynch ABSTRACT: This paper considers the design of buildings for fire safety. I
2、t is found that fire and the associ- ated effects on buildings is significantly different to other forms of loading such as gravity live loads, wind and earthquakes and their respective effects on the building structure. Fire events are derived from the human activities within buildings or from the
3、malfunction of mechanical and electrical equipment provided within buildings to achieve a serviceable environment. It is therefore possible to directly influence the rate of fire starts within buildings by changing human behaviour, improved maintenance and improved design of mechanical and electrica
4、l systems. Furthermore, should a fire develops, it is possible to directly influence the resulting fire severity by the incorporation of fire safety systems such as sprinklers and to provide measures within the building to enable safer egress from the building. The ability to influence the rate of f
5、ire starts and the resulting fire severity is unique to the consideration of fire within buildings since other loads such as wind and earthquakes are directly a function of nature. The possible approaches for designing a building for fire safety are presented using an example of a multi-storey build
6、ing constructed over a railway line. The design of both the transfer structure supporting the building over the railway and the levels above the transfer structure are considered in the context of current regulatory requirements. The principles and assumptions associ- ated with various approaches ar
7、e discussed.1 INTRODUCTIONOther papers presented in this series consider the design of buildings for gravity loads, wind and earthquakes.The design of buildings against such load effects is to a large extent covered by engineering based standards referenced by the building regulations. This is not t
8、he case, to nearly the same extent, in the case of fire. Rather, it is building regulations such as the Building Code of Australia （BCA） that directly specify most of the requirements for fire safety of buildings with reference being made to Standards such as AS3600 or AS4100 for methods for determi
9、ning the fire resistance of structural elements.The purpose of this paper is to consider the design of buildings for fire safety from an engineering perspective （as is currently done for other loads such as wind or earthquakes）, whilst at the same time,putting such approaches in the context of the c
10、urrent regulatory requirements.At the outset,it needs to be noted that designing a building for fire safety is far more than simply considering the building structure and whether it has sufficient structural adequacy.This is because fires can have a direct influence on occupants via smoke and heat a
11、nd can grow in size and severity unlike other effects imposed on the building. Notwithstanding these comments, the focus of this paper will be largely on design issues associated with the building structure.Two situations associated with a building are used for the purpose of discussion. The multi-s
12、torey office building shown in Figure 1 is supported by a transfer structure that spans over a set of railway tracks. It is assumed that a wide range of rail traffic utilises these tracks including freight and diesel locomotives. The first situation to be considered from a fire safety perspective is
13、 the transfer structure.This is termed Situation 1 and the key questions are: what level of fire resistance is required for this transfer structure and how can this be determined? This situation has been chosen since it clearly falls outside the normal regulatory scope of most build- ing regulations
14、. An engineering solution, rather than a prescriptive one is required. The second fire situation （termed Situation 2） corresponds to a fire within the office levels of the building and is covered by building regulations. This situation is chosen because it will enable a discussion of engineering app
15、roaches and how these interface with the building regulationssince both engineering and prescriptive solutions are possible.2 UNIQUENESS OF FIRE2.1 IntroductionWind and earthquakes can be considered to be “natural” phenomena over which designers have no control except perhaps to choose the location
16、of buildings more carefully on the basis of historical records and to design building to resist sufficiently high loads or accelerations for the particular location. Dead and live loads in buildings are the result of gravity. All of these loads are variable and it is possible （although generally unlikely） that the loads may exceed the resistance of the critical structural members resulting in
