1、2.从从时态时态上讲上讲：过去分词表示：过去分词表示已经完成已经完成的动作的动作；Grammar一、过去分词作定语一、过去分词作定语1 1、单单个个的的过过去去分分词词作作定定语语时时一一般般兼兼有有被被动动和和完成的完成的意义，常作意义，常作前置定语前置定语。eg：a lost animal 一只丢失一只丢失/迷路的动物迷路的动物 a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票一枚用过的邮票 一个受伤的手指一个受伤的手指一枚破损的硬币一枚破损的硬币 一支点燃的蜡烛一支点燃的蜡烛 an injured fingera broken coina lighted candle注注意意：过过去去分分词词作
2、作定定语语时时，有有时时只只有有被动被动意义。意义。e.g.:spoken English written exercises英语口语英语口语书面练习书面练习少数表示少数表示位移或状态改变位移或状态改变的的不及物动词不及物动词的过去分词的过去分词只有完成只有完成的意义的意义fallen leaves the risen sunthe developed countries 一个醉鬼一个醉鬼一名退休教师一名退休教师一名逃跑的囚犯一名逃跑的囚犯 a drunken man a retired teacheran escaped prisoner落叶落叶升起来的太阳升起来的太阳发达国家发达国家2 2
3、、过过去去分分词词短短语语作作后后置置定定语语，表示表示被动或完成被动或完成意义意义。e.g.：How I regretted the hourswasted in the woods!I like wearing clothes made of this kind of clothe.g.：The books written by Mo Yan are populare.g.：Well go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago 结论：以上的短语都带有过去分词，结论：以上的短语都带有过去分词，这些过去分词都是充当定语，而且我这些过去分
4、词都是充当定语，而且我们都可以用们都可以用定语从句定语从句来改写以上短语。来改写以上短语。Most of the guests invited to the party were her classmates.Exercises:把后置定语换成定语从句把后置定语换成定语从句1.The girl dressed in red is my sister.=The girl who is dressed in red is my sister.2.Father beat the son lost in the on-line games.=Father beat the son who was lo
5、st in the on-line games3.This project,which was designed by the Chinese engineers,was constructed in only two years.=This project,designed by the Chinese engineers,was constructed in only two years4.The castle,which was burnt down in the sixteenth century,was never rebuilt.=The castle,burnt down in
6、the sixteenth century,was never rebuilt.把定语从句换成后置定语把定语从句换成后置定语boiling waterboiled waterthe changing worldthe changed worldthe rising sunthe risen sunV-ing 与与V-ed 作定语的区别（作定语的区别（2）正在正在沸腾的水沸腾的水已经已经烧开的水烧开的水正在正在发生变化的世界发生变化的世界已经已经变化了的世界变化了的世界正在正在升起的太阳升起的太阳升起升起了的太阳了的太阳V-ing表动作正在进行，表动作正在进行，V-ed表动作已经完成表动作已经完
7、成二二 过去分词作表语过去分词作表语 She looked worried.I am interested in the book.He was lost in thought.The door remained locked.They got married five years ago.The story is exciting.You are excited when you read it._过去分词作？过去分词作？_系动词的分类：系动词的分类：“似乎类似乎类”：“感觉类感觉类”：“变成类变成类”：“仍然类仍然类”：基本形式基本形式：be（am,is,are）seem,appear,l
8、ookfeel,sound,smell,tastebecome,go,get,grow,fall,turnremain,continue,stay,keep有的已成为固定搭配有的已成为固定搭配：be covered with be lost in thoughtbe caught in the rain be separated frombe interested inbe absorbed in 被被覆盖覆盖陷入沉思陷入沉思被雨淋被雨淋从从分离分离对对感兴趣感兴趣专心致志于专心致志于What he said was _（encourage）.We were _（encourage）at wh
9、at he said.The football game is very _（bore）.We were _（bore）at the football game.V-ing 与与V-ed 作表语的区别作表语的区别encouragingencouragedboringboredV-ing 作表语修饰物，翻译为作表语修饰物，翻译为“令人感到令人感到-”V-ed 作表语修饰人，翻译为作表语修饰人，翻译为“感到感到-”P（17）1.As we joined the big crowd,I got _ from my friends 2.A.separated B.spared 3.C.lost D.m
10、issed4.2.Cleaning women in the big cities get _ by the hour.5.A.pay B.paying 6.C.paid D.to pay 系表结构系表结构表示主语的表示主语的特点或所处的状态。特点或所处的状态。被动语态被动语态表示主语是表示主语是动作的承受者动作的承受者；有；有具体的时间，表示当时的动作。具体的时间，表示当时的动作。标志：行为执行者由标志：行为执行者由by短语来表示短语来表示区别区别“（系表结构）（系表结构）”和和“（被动结构）（被动结构）”e.g.：This shop is now closedclosed 这家商店现在已经
11、关门了。这家商店现在已经关门了。（状态状态）This shop is closedclosed at 6 pm everyday 这家商店每天这家商店每天6 6点关门。点关门。（动作动作）A.The library is closed.B.The library is closed at six.C.The library is closed by the teacher.（系表结构）（系表结构）（被动语态）被动语态）（被动语态）被动语态）This lake is badly polluted.This lake is badly polluted by a paper mill.（系表结构）（系表结构）（被动语态）被动语态）区别下列句子是系表结构？还是被动结构？区别下列句子是系表结构？
