1、p市场行情的变化；p买方资金周转困难。（一）催证的前提条件 1、在合同规定的期限内，买方未及时开证这一事实已构成违约。如卖方不希望中断交易，可在保留索赔权的前提下，催促对方开证。2、签约日期和履约日期相隔较远，应在合同规定开证日之前，去信表示对该笔交易的重视，并提醒对方及时开证。3、卖方货已备妥，并打算提前装运，可去信征求对方同意提前开证。4、买方资信较差，提前去信提示，有利于督促对方履行合同义务。（二）催证函的书写1、说明所涉及的商品名称、合同、确认书名称2、说明尚未收到信用证3、催促对方开证假如（2）p假如福州环宇进出口有限公司外贸业务员徐娟到2010年5月15日尚未收到德国公司委托银行开
2、出的信用证，就可以给德国公司发出类似以下的催证函。pDearsirs,Referringtothe5000piecesofladies jacketstyleno.L142underourSales Contract No.FZHY0021,wewishtocallyourattentiontothefactthatthedateofdeliveryisdrawingnear,butuptillnow,we have not received the covering Letter of Credit.Pleasedoyourutmosttoexpediteitsestablishment,s
3、othatwemayexecutetheorderwithintheprescribedtime.pIfwehaveyourL/CbeforeMay.20th,2010,wemightdeliverthegoodsasperthesalescontractbecausewe will manufacture the same goods for another new order since June,2010.Inordertoavoidsubsequentamendments,PleaseseetoitthattheL/Cstipulationsareinstrictconformityw
4、iththetermsofthecontract.工作项目：p2010年5月20日，福州环宇进出口有限公司外贸业务员徐娟收到了福州市中国银行福州分行（BANKOFCHINA,FUZHOUBRANCH）国际业务部的信用证通知函，告知德国公司已经通过汇丰银行汉堡分行（HSBCBANKPLC，HAMBURG）开来信用证。信用证通知书和信用证内容如下：pMT700SENDERRECEIVERSEQUENCEOFTOTALFORMOFDOC.CREDITDOC.CREDITNUMBERDATEOFISSUEAPPLICABLERULESDATEANDPLACEOFEXPIRY27：1/140A：IRRE
5、VOCABLE 20：KKK06188831C：10052040E：UCP LATEST VERSION31D：DATE 100530 PLACE IN GERMANYISSUE OF A DOCUMENTARY CREDITHSBC BANK PLC，HAMBURG，GERMANYBANK OF CHINA，FUZHOU，CHINApAPPLICANTpBENEFICIARYpAMOUNTpAVAILABLEWITH/BYpDRAFTSATpDRAWEE42A:HSBC BANK PLC,HAMBURG 50：WILLIGMBH&CO.KG.ROTEBRUCKE16-20,22114HAMB
6、URG,GERMANY59：FUJIANHUNYUIMPORTANDEXPORTCO.,LTD.203FUFEILUSTREET,FUZHOU,CHINA32B：CURRENCY USD AMOUNT 55480.0041D:ANY BANK IN CHINA,BY NEGOTIATION42C:120 DAYS AFTER SIGHTpPARTIALSHIPMNTSpTRANSSHIPMENTpPORTOFLOADING/AIRPORTOFDEPARTUREpPORTOFDISCHARGELATESTDATEOFSHIPMENTpLATESTDATEOFSHIPMENT43P:PROHIBI
7、TED 43T:ALLOWED 44E:CHIENESE MAIN PORT 44F:HAMBURG,GERMANY44C:100601 pDESCRIPTIONOFGOODSAND/ORSERVICES45A:5000PCS LADIES JACKET,SHELL:WOVEN TWILL 100%COTTON,LINING:WOVEN100%POLYESTER,STYLE NO.L142 AT USD 13.87/PC CIF HAMBURG,PACKED IN 20PCS/CTNpDOCUMENTSREQUIRED46A:+COMMERGIAL INVOICE SIGNED IN INK
8、TRIPLICATE.ONE ORIGINAL OF WHICH SHOULD BE CERTIFIED BY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OR CCPIT+PACKING LIST IN TRIPLICATE.p+CERTIFICATE OF CHINESE ORIGINCERTIFIEDBYCHAMBEROFCOMMERCEORCCPIT.p+INSURANCE POLICY/CERTICATEINDUPLICATEENDORSENDINBLANKFOR120%INVOICEVALUE,COVERINGALLRISKSOFCICOFPICC（1/1/1981）INCL.WARE
9、HOUSETOWAREHOUSEANDI.O.P ANDSHOWINGTHECLAIMINGCURRENCYISTHESAMEASTHECURRENCYOFCREDIT.p+FULSET（3/3）OFCLEANONBOARDOCEAN BILLS OF LADINGMADEOUTTOAPPLICANTMARKEDFREIGHTPREPAIDANDNOTIFYAPPLICANT.p+SHIPPING ADVICESHOWINGTHENAMEOFTHECARRYINGVESSEL,DATEOFSHIPMENT,MARKS,QUANTITY,NETWEIGHTANDGROSSWEIGHTOFTHES
10、HIPMENTTOAPPLICANTWITHIN3DAYSAFTERTHEDATEOFBILLOFLADING.pADDITIONALCONDITION47A:+DOCUMENTS DATED PRIOR TO THE DATE OF THIS CREDIT ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE.+THE NUMBER AND THE DATE OF THIS CREDIT AND THE NAME OF ISSUING BANK MUST BE QUOTED ON ALL DOCUMENTS.p+TRANSSHIPMENTALLOWEDATHONGKONGONLY.p+SHORTFORM/C
11、HARTERPARTY/THIRDPARTYBILLOFLADINGARENOTACCEPTABLE.p+SHIPMENTMUSTBEEFFECTEDBY120FULLCONTAINERLOAD.B/LTOSHOWEVIDENCEOFTHISEFFECTISREQUIRED.p+ALLPRESENTATIONSCONTAININGDISCREPANCIESWILLATTRACTADICREPANCYFEEOFGBP40.00PLUSTELEXCOSTSOROTHERCURRENCYEQUIVALENT.THISCHARGEWILLBEDEDUCTEDFROMTHEBILLAMOUNTWHETH
12、ERORNOTWEELECTTOCONSULTTHEAPPLICANTFORAWAIVER.pCHARGESpPERIODFORPRESENTATION71B:ALL CHARGES AND COMMISSION ARE FOR ACCOUNT OF BENEFICIARY INCLUDING REIMBURSING FEE.48:WITHIN 5 DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF SHIPMENT,BUT WITHIN THE VALIDITY OF THIS CREDIT.pCONFIRMATIONINSTRUCTIONpREIMBURSINGBANKpINFORMATIONT
13、O49:WITHOUT53A:HSBC BAND PLC,HAMBURG78:ALL DOCUMENTS ARE TO BE REMITTED IN ONE LOT BY COURIER TO HSBC BANK PLC,TRADE SERVICES,HAMBURG BRANCH,P O BOX 66,HSBC BANK BUILCING 312/45 AI SUQARE ROAD,HAMBURG,GERMANY任务分析p在信用证结算方式下，信用证是一份自足的文件。信用证尽管是依据外贸合同开立的，但是一经开立，就独立于外贸合同之外。在结算过程中，银在结算过程中，银行是否付款，依据的是信用证而非
14、合同行是否付款，依据的是信用证而非合同。因而，当外贸业务员收到开证行开来的信用证时，一定要对照外贸合同，仔细的审核信用证条款。若有不利于我方的条款，应一次性的通过开证申请人应一次性的通过开证申请人向开证行提出改证申请向开证行提出改证申请，以免影响今后安全收汇。操作步骤 现阶段，外贸业务员要细心地做好以下工作：p审证p改证（若需要）二、审证（一）审证依据（二）审证步骤（三）审证要点（四）审证常见的问题审证前操作信用证通知书的分析p若通知行认为开证行的资信状况差，信用等级低，受益人要么要求开证申请人找一家信用可靠的银行对此信用证加保兑，要么要求开证申请人找一家信用可靠的银行重开信用证。p若通知行无
15、法确认信用证的真实性，在信用证通知书上表示“押未核仅供参考押未核仅供参考”等内容时，则不能盲目开始备货生产，应催促通知行尽快确认真实性。p若通知行告知改信用证为预先通知信用证时，在信用证通知书上表示“未生效未生效”，则要谨慎处理，因为预先通知信用证在法律上是无效的，只有开证行随后寄来信用证证实书之后才生效。（一）审证依据1、审核信用证要依据合同2、审核信用证要遵循UCP3、审核信用证要全面考虑业务实际情况（二）审证步骤1、熟悉外贸合同各条款内容2、对照外贸合同条款，按照可操作性原则，逐条审核信用证各条款3、核对外贸合同，有无信用证漏开的外贸合同条款4、列出信用证中的不符条款（三）审证要点 1、开证行（资信、密押、偿付线路、保证条款）2、信用证是否生效3、信用证的金额4、对货物描述的审核5、开证申请人、受益人的名称是否正确6、信用证截止日、交单期和交货期6、信用证截止日、交单期和交货期p信用证截止日规定的付款、承兑或者议付的截止日期。应争取出口地交单。p交单期运输单据出单后必须提交符合信用证条款的单据的特定期限。21天。p装运期卖方将货物装上运往目的地的运输工具或交付承运人的日期。双到期。7、运输条款是否可以接受8、保险条款是否可以接受9、其他条款（1）银行费用条款（2）信用证软条款（四）审证常见的问题1、有关信用证本身2、信用证中有关当事人3、有关货物方面的条款4、有关运输保
