1、研 究 生 指导教师天津大学职业技术教育学院2003 年 12 月独创性声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作和取得的 研究成果，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢之处外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表 或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得 天津大学 或其他教育机构的学位或证 书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中 作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。学位论文作者签名： 签字日期： 年 月 日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解 天津大学 有关保留、使用学位论文的规定。 特授权 天津大学 可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检 索，并采用影印
2、、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编以供查阅和借阅。同意学校 向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权说明） 导师签名：签字日期： 年 月 日 签字日期：中文摘要世界经济的竞争归根结底是人力资源素质的竞争。现代社会不仅需要大批具 有较高技术和理论的研究型、设计型的科技人才，而且更加特别需要大量的具有 丰富实践经验、勤奋敬业、技艺高超的技能型人才。高级技能人才短缺问题已成 为当代中国亟待解决的热点问题，无论是政府部门、还是社会或个人都已认识到 解决这一问题的重要性。我国加入 WTO 后，要成为制造业大国，高级技能人才必 将成为国家的宝贵财富。 本篇论文采用调查
3、研究法、文献法、比较研究法等方法探讨了高级技能型人 才的概念特性、地位和作用及培养途径等问题，通过对当前我国高级技能人才的 理论阐述，对其严重短缺和培养机构生源严重不足的现状进行详尽的分析和研 究，旨在提出如何解决高级技能人才短缺的对策和建议，能够为国家制定有关政 策和法律提供一点意见和依据，对解决高级技能人才短缺的矛盾作出自己的努 力。 全文分六大章，即高级技能人才的概念、素质构成、现状与分析、培养渠道、 四个国家高级技能人才的比较、解决高级技能人才“断层”的对策建议。其中， 作者从高级技能人才的历史发展过程、目前高级技工状况、国家已启动了高级技 能人才培训工程 3 个方面介绍了高级技能人才
4、的现状；并从社会历史原因、政策 上、现有职校的办学情况、企业对培养高级技能人才的态度及培养高级技能人才 的基地 5 个方面进行了翔实的现实原因分析；最后从创造高级技能人才成长的社 会环境、建立高级技能人才培养使用的激励机制、为高级技能人才培养提供雄厚 的人才资源等 5 大方面全方位地提出了解决高级技能人才短缺问题的对策和建 议；对解决当前存在的我国高级技能人才严重短缺这一热点问题提出了自己的见 解和主张。这是本论文的创新点和重要应用意义。关键词 ：高级技能人才、技师、技工、培养、短缺、职业教育ABSTRACTThe competition in world economy, in the fi
5、nal analysis, is a competition of human resources quality. In contemporary society, not only are needed large quantity of R&D oriented scientific human resources owning advanced theory and high technology, but also needed, even more, large number of skilled personnel with fruitful practical experien
6、ces who are diligent, career-respected and high-skilled. In nowadays China the shortage problem of high-skilled personnel has been a hotspot problem, which is in an urgent need to solve. The governmental agencies, the society or the individuals all have realized the importance of solving the problem
7、. Since our country has entered WTO, high-skilled personnel who will create great wealth is an inevitable choice for our country to become a manufacture power. This paper utilizes investigate-research method, documenting method, comparative analysis method, and etc, to discuss such issues as: the co
8、ncept and nature of high-skilled personnel, their positions and functions and the fostering approaches, etc. Through illustrating the nowadays Chinas theory of high-skilled personnel, and through elaborately analyzing and researching current situation of serious shortage of it and serious lack of re
9、lative majored students training instituting, the paper aims to propose countermeasures and suggestions on how to solve the problem, to provide some comments and evidences for our country to establish corresponding policies and laws, and to make endeavor on solving the conflicts produced by lack of
10、high-skilled personnel. The paper is divided into six chapters, which includes: concepts of high-skilled personnel, intellective structure, current situation and analysis, fostering approaches, comparison with high-skilled personnel in four countries, countermeasure comments on solving the problem o
11、f high-skilled personnel “disruption”. In all the six chapters, the author: introduces current situations of high-skilled personnel from three respects of historical development process of high-skilled personnel, current situation of high-skilled workers, and our countrys having initiated high-skill
12、ed personnel training program; elaborates realistic causes from five respects of social historical reasons, policies, present vocational schools situations, attitudes of enterprises forfostering high-skilled personnel and the base for fostering high-skilled personnel; finally, omni directionally pro
13、poses countermeasures and suggestions for solving the problem of shortage of high-skilled personnel from five major respects of creating social environment for growth of high-skilled personnel, establishing motivating mechanism used for fostering and utilizing high-skilled personnel, providing stron
14、g human resources for fostering high-skilled personnel, proposes her own opinions and propositions for solving the hotspot problem of serious shortage of high-skilled personnel currently existed in our country. This is the papers key innovation and the important significance of application.Key words
15、:High-skilled personnel, Skilled engineer, Skilled worker, Foster, Shortage, Vocational education.目 录前言 1第一章 高级技能人才的概述 2 1.1 高级技能人才的概念 2 1.1.1 高级技能人才概念的定义 2 1.1.2 高级技能人才概念的历史演变 2 1.1.3 高级技能人才概念的的界定 3 1.2 高级技能人才的特征 4 1.2.1 具有高超的生产技艺、技巧 4 1.2.2 掌握高、精、尖的操作技术 4 1.2.3 脑力劳动的比重增大 5 1.2.4 具有出众的创造能力 5 1.2.5 具有宽阔的适应能力 5 1.3 高级技能人才的地位和作用 6 1.3.1 高级技能人才的地位 6 1.3.
