1、（表语）She was excited with joy.她因高兴而激动。介词的归类简单介词：in, on, to, with, by, for, at, from, up, beyond, before, among, of, off, against, like, since, besides, behind, during等about：*表时间，“大约，左右”What were you doing at about nine yesterday?昨天大约九点钟你在干什么？*表地点，“在附近，到处”The old hunter used to live somewhere about th
2、e Great Wall.老猎人曾在长城附近居住过。On Sundays people walk about the streets.星期日人们在街上到处溜达。*关于He told us a story about a combat hero.他给我们讲了一个战斗英雄的故事。*惯用法：be about to 即将做What/How about ? 怎么样Hes about to go shopping.他就要去买东西。What /How about having a rest?休息一会儿怎么样？for*为了（目的）We must resolutely support the people fi
3、ghting for their national liberation.我们必须要坚决支持为民族解放而斗争的人民。*对于（对象）Here is a letter for you.这儿有你的一封信。*由于，因为（原因，理由）The teacher praised the student for his honesty.老师表扬了这个学生的诚实。Dont criticize him for his delay.不要因为延误而责备他。He excused himself for being late.他因迟到而请求原谅。He blamed me for the accident.他将这个意外归咎于
4、我。*交换He sold the house for 50,000 yuan.他以5万元的价格把房子卖了。*达到某一数值She wrote a cheque for 20.她写了一张20英镑的支票。*经历之久（时间）I have studied English for three years.我已学英语三年了。*赞成，拥护Im for getting up early and going to bed early.我赞成早睡早起。*替（代表）Please say good-bye to your sister for me.请替我向你姐告别。for one thing 首先for exampl
5、e 例如for ever 永远for the time being 暂时，目前for instance 例如for free 免费for the first time第一次for sale 出售，待售watch out for警惕long for 渴望for ones good为（某人）好 with* 和一起He is playing table tennis with Tom.他在和汤姆打乒乓球。* 用工具Dont write with a pencil.别用铅笔写。* 随着The weather changes with seasons.气候随着季节而变化。* 带有，具有Socialist
6、 construction needs people with specialized knowledge.社会主义建设需要具有专门知识的人才。* 行为方式Handle with care！小心轻放。* 原因She shivered with cold.她冷得发抖。* 惯用法：with的复合结构 ：常在句中作状语，表示伴随动作、行为方式及原因、条件或结果等情况。with + 宾语 +prep. adj./ adv. doing to do（表示要执行的动作） done（表示动作的完成及被动）She often sleeps with the window open. （adj.）她经常开着窗户
7、睡觉。He came in with a book in his hand. （prep.）他手里拿着本书进来了。She felt scared with so many people looking at her. （doing）这么多人看着她，她感到害怕。He was brought in with his hands tied back. （done）他双手绑在身后被带了进来。With everything bought, he left the market. （done）买完了所需要的东西之后，他离开了市场。The king came in, with all his servant
8、s following him. （doing）国王进来了，身后跟着所有的仆人。With nothing to do, he went out for a walk .由于没有什么事情可做，他便到外面散步。He left his room with the light on. （adv.）他离开了房间，灯亮着。 by* 用于被动结构This book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。* 表地点，“靠近，在的旁边”There is a pumping station by the river.河边有一个抽水站。* 表时间，“在之前，不迟于”They will hav
9、e got to Qingdao by the end of this week.周末之前他们将到达青岛。You must hand in your homework by tomorrow.你必须最迟明天交上作业。* 表方法、手段You will make progress only by studying hard.你只有努力学习才能进步。* 途径He entered by the back door.他是从后门进来的。* 表示按某物标准或单位The company paid me by the hour.公司按小时付给我钱。Eggs are sold by the dozen in th
10、is supermarket.在这个超市，鸡蛋是按打卖的。* 根据，按照Dont judge a person by his appearance.不要按照外表来判断一个人。* 触及，持住某人的身体或衣物I took the boy by the hand.我拉着小男孩的手。 * 表增减程度He missed the target by an inch.他差一英寸就中靶了。The water level of the river rose by 6 metres.河里的水位上升了6米。* 逐渐little by little 逐渐地day by day 一天天地year by year 一年年
11、地stone by stone 一块石头一块石头地one by one 一个一个地* 乘坐by car/ bus/ taxi/ air/ plane/ ship/ waterby mistake由疏忽所至by no means 决不by accident 偶然by chance 偶然，碰巧by oneself独自by and by 不久以后by far 得多，最 to * 趋于，倾向（某种情况，性质等），至某种状态He said that they should be hung up to dry.他说应该把它们挂起来晾干。I was moved to tears.我感动得流泪。He was sentenced to death.他被判死刑。Dont beat him to death.别把他打死。The house was burned to the ground.房子被烧为平地。* 到（地点）Last week her aunt came to Shanghai.上周她姑姑来到了上海。* 给
