1、（3）.翻译：本课程以学生为中心，采用积极学习的方法和真实世界的例子，旨在提供对人类大脑如何工作的更全面的理解。3. This college-level course in creative storytelling functions as an introduction to a variety of storytelling techniques that appear in different forms of creative writing, such as short fiction and playwriting.（1）.在上句括出修饰成分后，句子主要结构为This cour
2、se functions as an introduction to techniques that ，其中functions词性为动词,作谓语，function as 意为起作用,充当,兼具功能。that引导定语从句，修饰techniques。这门大学水平的创造性故事课程介绍了各种不同形式的创造性写作中出现的故事技巧，如短篇小说和戏剧写作。（function as an introduction：“起介绍作用”，翻译、理解为“介绍了” ）Reading B1. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have
3、 on the environment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives.（1）.第一句括出修饰成分后，句子主要结构为A carbon footprint is the measure of influence（that/which） 第二句括出修饰成分后，句子主要结构为It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas（that/which）第一句句子有两个谓语动
4、词，分别is和have,说明该句至少包含了两个句子。其中our activities have on the environment 为定语从句，省略了that/which，修饰influence；in particular 意为特别是。第二句句子有两个谓语动词，分别is calculated和produce,说明该句至少包含了两个句子。其中we produce为定语从句，省略了that/which，修饰greenhouse gas（4） .翻译：碳足迹是衡量我们的活动对环境，特别是气候变化的影响。它是由我们在日常生活中产生的温室气体量来计算的。2.（A carbon footprint is
5、 made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint.）The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions（排放）of carbon dioxide（CO2）from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation.（1）.括出修饰成分后，句子主要结构为The primary footprint is a measure of
6、direct emissions（排放）of carbon dioxide（CO2）from , including .。including 为现在分词短语作伴随状语。（碳足迹由两部分构成，一级碳足迹和二级碳足迹。）一级碳足迹测量的是我们燃烧化石燃料产生的二氧化碳的直接排放量，包括家庭能源消耗和运输（所燃烧的化石燃料）。3. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use-those related to their pr
7、oduction and breakdown.（1）.括出修饰成分后，句子主要结构为The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from （that/which）。句子有两个谓语动词，分别is和use,说明该句至少包含了两个句子。其中we use为定语从句，省略了that/which，修饰products;破折号“-”表解释说明，related to their production and breakdown为形容词短语作后置定语，修饰those。二级足迹测量的是我们使用的产品在整个生命周期内的间接二氧
8、化碳排放量，这些二氧化碳排放与产品的生产和分解有关。【语法链接】源于系表结构的短语如: be suitable for / be full of / be related to / be interested in ,be based on/be tired of / be concerned about等常常去掉系动词be,留下形容词短语作定语表状态。形容词性短语作定语时要后置,这时该短语相当于一个定语从句。例如:I know an actorsuitable for the part.A manfull of confidencewill be successful.The worksba
9、sed on social lifeis likely to become popular.There are many peasantsbusy getting in crops in the field.The basketfull of fruitsbelongs to the beautiful girl.4. Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods
10、 to avoid the added production.（1）.括出修饰成分后，句子主要结构为Things like fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so and 。fall into意为属于；so为连词，表结果（逻辑关系）；and为连词，表示结果（逻辑关系）；used词性为形容词，意为用过的；旧的；二手的，近义词为secondhand【and表可意为as a result “（表示结果）结果是；那么；就；”如Miss another class and youll fail. 你再缺一次课就会不及格了】像（餐具）盘子、衣服和家具等都
11、属于“二级足迹”，所以少即是多，我们可以集中精力寻找二手商品，以避免增加生产。5. However, for the car and the other appliances（设备）that we need we can go with new, energy-saving models.（1）.括出修饰成分后，句子主要结构为for （that we need） we can go with modelsthat为关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰appliances； go with 意为伴随；与相配；和交朋友然而,对于汽车和其他我们需要的电器（设备）,我们可以选择新的节能款。5. The mai
12、n concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.（1）.括出修饰成分后，句子主要结构为The main concern is .and whether .第一个that为关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰energy；and为并列连词，连接并列结构；whether为从属连词，引导表语从句
13、；第二个that为限定词，that extra carbon指energy that goes into the making of new products；the product will make为省略了that/which的定语从句，修饰product； once为连词，表示当，引导时间状语从句。这里主要关心的是制造新产品制造过程中所消耗的能源数量以及这些额外的碳与你（收到产品后）使用产品过程中所产生碳足迹相比是否值得。Reading C1. Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do thing
14、s that are impossible.（1）.括出修饰成分后，句子主要结构为Magic is a form of entertainment that。第一个that为关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰entertainment；第二个that为关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰things。魔术是一种娱乐形式，它的基础是假装去做不可能的事情。2. He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power to do things which are against the laws of nature.（1）.括出修饰成分后，句子主要结
15、构为He tries to make the audience believe that。 that为连接词，引导宾语从句，；which为关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰things。他试图让观众相信他有能力去做违反自然规律的事情。3. The magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment.（1）.括出修饰成分后，句子主要结构为The magician must keep people f
16、rom noticing and from thinking。 and为并列连词，连接并列结构from noticing和from thinking；keepfrom 意为（避免），近义短语有stop from; prevent from；banfrom;魔术师必须不让人们注意到他双手的所有动作，也不让人们去想他装备的秘密部分。4. The magicians success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.（1）.括出修饰成分后，句子主要结构为The mag
17、icians success depends on the fact that things are not the things that。 第一个that为连接词，引导同位语从句，修饰fact；第二个that为关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰things；seen by the eye为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰（many）things；matter意为有关系、要紧、重要，近义词有count。Dont count the days and make your days count.魔术师的成功取决于这样一个事实:许多亲眼所见的东西并不是真正重要的东西。5. What actually hap
18、pens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball.（1）.括出修饰成分后，句子主要结构为What happens is that the magician, hides one ball.what为连接代词，引导主语从句； that为连接词，引导表语从句；employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device为现在分词短语作后置定语， employ 意为（使用，采用）。实际发生的是：魔术师使用快速的手
19、部动作或机械装置，隐藏了一个球。6. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magicians words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball.（1）.括出修饰成分后，句子主要结构为The audience is too busy watching to notice that该句中包含一特殊结构tooto,意为太而不能； that为引导词，引导宾语从句his other hand is hiding the ball；be busy doi
20、ng意为忙于做，近义短语有be occupied doing/ occupy oneself with观众都忙着看布和听魔术师的话，没有注意到他的另一只手藏着球。7.What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else.（1）.括出修饰成分后，句子主要结构为What actually happens is that the magician makes di
21、sappear by while while为连词，引导时间状语从句；实际发生的是，魔术师趁着观众观看其它东西时，把被切割或被烧的东西快速藏起来，看起来像是消失了一样。Reading D1. Jennifer Vonk, of Oakland University, in Michigan, and Michael Beran, from Georgia State University, set three American black bears the task of distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller groups
22、 of dots（点）on a computer screen.（1）.括出修饰成分后，句子主要结构为Jennifer Vonk,and Michael Beranset three American black bears the task of 句中含有许多大写的专有名词，阅读时宜快速略过，不用细究。（3）.翻译:密歇根奥克兰大学的Jennifer Vonk,和乔治亚州立大学的Michael Beran给三头美国黑熊设置了任务：在电脑屏幕上区分数值较大和较小的点群。2. As the researchers report inAnimal Behavior, the bears did b
23、est with patterns where the coloured dots did not move and where more of them also took up a larger coloured area.（1）.括出修饰成分后，句子主要结构为As the researchers report, the bears did best with patterns whereand where。as为连词，引导非限定性定语从句，意为“正如”,往往指代一整句话； where为关系副词，引导两个由and连接的定语从句，修饰patterns正如研究人员在动物行为杂志上所报道的那样，
24、当彩色点不移动，而且彩色点越多（的组）占据大的彩色区域时，熊的表现最好。（4）. 拓展练习: 找出本文中类似用法的句子并翻译However, the three bears managed to pick out the bigger number of dots even in pairs of patterns where fewer dots took up a larger area.（这可以通过熊区分不同的颜色区域来解释，而不是真正地数圆点。）然而，这三只熊甚至在成对的模式中都能找到数量较多的点，而在这种模式中，数量较少的点占据了更大的区域。Moving patterns, wher
25、e each dot followed its own path around the screen, were more of a challenge.He seemed to be counting mobile dots even when the scientists tried to mislead him by moving the total coloured area of the dots at the same time.移动模式，即每个圆点在屏幕上沿着自己的路径移动，更具有挑战性。（但布鲁图斯至少没有被打败。）他似乎在数移动的圆点，即使科学家试图通过同时移动所有彩色圆点来
26、误导他。3. It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence.（1）.括出修饰成分后，句子主要结构为It is not entirely surprising that。it作形式主语，that为引导词，引导主语从句;should常用于名词性从句中，表示“惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此”，意为竟然，居然熊居然具有高智商，这并不完全令人惊讶。You cant imagine that a well-bahaved gentlemanshouldbe so rude to a lady.你想象不出这么彬彬有礼的绅士竟然对一位女士如此粗鲁。
