1、（一）听力： 要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应：1理解主旨和要义2获取具体的、事实性的信息3对所听内容作出判断 4理解说话者的意图 （二）口语：要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。1询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法2做到语音语调自然3做到语言运用得体4使用有效的交际策略其次，按题型来看，对能力有以下相应的要求。朗读部分：侧重词汇发音、句子语调、停顿、流畅等能力；角色扮演部分：侧重背景理解、听取信息词块、汉英互译、问答对应和语法等能力；复述部分：侧重于原材料信息点的获取和理解，特别是关键词、信息点词块、信息点整理组句，内容组合成通顺完整的语句等能力（其实就是口头作文能力）。第三、结
2、合考纲听说考试评分标准，对三大测试题型的关键环节能力要求做出分析，并探讨相应的答题技巧。（一）三个大题型的评分标准（参考）【评分标准】1. Part A 模仿朗读评分标准（满分20分）档次语音语调语速与内容分值标准A10-12发音清晰、准确，语调正确、自然，语流连贯、流畅。8按照原语速朗读，而且内容完整。B8-10发音基本准确，语调基本正确，语流尚为连贯。6基本按照原语速朗读，至多漏过三个单词。C4-6部分语音发音不正确，语调不连贯，语流有不连贯现象。4基本按照原语速朗读，时有漏过单词的现象。D0-2大部分音素发音不正确，语调不正确，语流不连贯。不能按照原语速朗读，漏过一个完整的句子或超过10
3、个以上的单词。【评分标准】2. Part B 角色扮演评分标准（满分16分）提问回答语音1语法结构和选词正确不影响理解所表达的信息0.5语法结构和选词基本正确，以下错误需要扣0.5分。动词时态和语态错误动词的及物性主谓一致基本不影响理解所表达的信息出现严重的语法和选词错误，导致误解或不能理解所表达的信息，比如：疑问词错误 结构不完整，而且意义不连贯导致不能理解所表达的信息信息基本按照要求传递了信息按照要求传递了信息传递了部分信息基本按照要求传递了信息（漏了一、两点次要信息、或添加了无关信息）不能按照要求传递信息3. Part C故事复述评分标准（满分24分）该题型按复述的信息点给分。具体按每套
4、题的具体信息点确定。4.计分方式：全卷60 0.25 = 15分。（二）对三大测试题型的关键环节能力要求的分析和答题技巧探讨Part A Reading AloudIn this part you are required to hear a talk twice and read after it. 1. 要点分析：朗读短文的关键能力分为：语音、语调准确; 重读到位、音质清晰; 停顿合理、语流连贯流畅等。 2. 学生在朗读时存在的问题：断句不当；语调不自然；跳读；生词读不出和语流不够连贯流畅等。 3. 技巧和策略：（1）平时注重音标发音模仿训练，熟练掌握拼读技巧，特别是重读、连读和爆破音，养
5、成良好习惯。（2）掌握断句停顿技巧。因为换气的需要，通常，一个长句子可以分成几部分来读：主语词块；谓语句式框架；修饰语（作主语、宾语、表语、状语或定语的短语或从句）。例如：Eating mooncakes/ is one of the improtant activities./There are three stories/ about its origin./ Firstly,/ as the story goes,/ it was evolved/ from the custom/ of presenting the elderly rice cakes/ to show their r
6、espect./ Another story traces its origin/ to the Yuan Dynasty./ The leaders of the rebels/ against the rule of Yuan nationality/ inserted into mooncakes the calling for uprising./ When people ate cakes,/ they saw the notes/ and answered to the call for rebellion./ Since then,/ it has become a custom
7、 to eat mooncakes./ Still another story is that/ eating round mooncakes on a full-moon night/ symbolizes family reunion. （3）语调的训练按语气分为：陈述语调；感叹语调；疑问语调三大类。a）陈述句的语调通常是：升升降。如：Eating mooncakes/ is one of the improtant activities. /There are three stories/ about its origin.b）感叹句语调：升降降。How beautiful she is
8、! What a nice gift!c）疑问句的语调又细分为：一般疑问句语调、选择疑问句语调和特殊疑问句语调。 一般疑问句语调：升升升。 -Will you please tell me your name?-Yes. Im John Smith. 选择疑问句语调: 降降，升降。 Which is your favourite, the blue one or the red one?特殊疑问句语调: 降降降。 Why have you made such a mistake?Part B Role PlayIn this part, you are required to act as a
9、 role and complete communicative tasks:listen to the conversation, ask three questions and then answer five questions.1. 要点分析：掌握背景提示信息、话题信息关键词块和场合信息。熟悉疑问句式、语调和问答技巧。2. 学生在问答时存在的问题：角色扮演部分的前三个提问的问题做不到位，后面的回答部分答不出来。3. 技巧和策略：（1）快速审题，提取话题词汇、人物特征等背景信息；（2）专注倾听，获取与话题有关的表达方式和对话进展信息词块，并记录备用；（ 3 ） 注意细节信息，并记录备用。
10、（4）第一至第三题有汉语提示，实质上是句子的汉译英，问句为一般疑问句或特殊疑问句。提问时抓住关键词，特殊疑问句确定好疑问词，接上一般疑问句即可。（4）提问过后，要认真听机器的回答内容，并记录，以备用作后边回答问题的信息素材。【例题解析】（Test 28）角色：朋友之间情景：两个人在谈论工作、休闲和爱好任务：扮演女士角色向男士询问信息；并回答相关问题Now,please listen to the conversation carefully.（原文略）重点技巧：a） 听取核心信息词块：工作、休闲和爱好；b） 记录有关信息备用。Now,please get ready to ask the fo
11、llowing three questions in English.Q1:一个人的爱好和他的性格有什么关系？Whats the relationship between ones hobbies and his or her character?（Answer: Definitely, what a man is doing in his spare time can affect his character,and his hobbies will also influence the formation of his character.） 特殊疑问词：What ? 关键词：爱好（hob
12、bies）、性格（character）、关系（relationship）c） 听懂回答，并记录关键词。Q2:你认为学生除了学习以外应该追求一种爱好吗？Do you think a student should stick to a hobby besides his or her study?Students should take part in other meansingful activities.Persuing a hobby makes students life more colourful and beautifulful. ） 一般问句：Do you think?追求（fi
13、nd / hold / stick to），（besides / apart from）Q3:你业余时间有些什么消遣？What do you do for leisure in your spare time? / Whats your leisure in your spare time?I like sports,especially football and swimming. In spring, I go hiking with my friends.）What?消遣（do sth. for leisure） 听懂回答，并记关键词录。Now, please get ready to
14、answer the following five questions.Q4 - What should we consider when choosing a suitable holiday?-（Answer:How much time and money we can spend on it.） （笔记）Q5-What should people be especially watchful of?Such entertainments as playing majiong and playing video games etc.）（笔记）Q6-What will play majion
15、g become once indulged in it? -（Answer:It will become a bad habit.） （笔记）Q7-Should a student persue a kind of hobby besides studies? Students should take part in other meansingful activities. Persuing a hobby makes ss life more colourful and beautifulful.）（提取Q2回答部分笔记）Q8- What does the man do for fun
16、in his spare time? He likes sports,especially football and swimming. In spring, he goes hiking with his friends.） （提取Q3回答部分笔记，适当变通。）【解题要点步骤归纳】 依据背景，做好三句汉译英。 细心听懂问题，提取笔记回答后边五题。部分问题的答案信息可从前三个问题的回答笔记中快速提取。Part C Retelling the Story You will hear the story twice. You are required to retell it in your ow
17、n words after that. 故事特征的短文；有完整的情节；人物之间的关系；故事的发展过程和结果；故事的意义和给人的启发等。 学生在复述时存在的问题：获取信息量有限；复述部分的信息组织凌乱，或者是信息量不够；组句能力有限，不能完整复述等。3. 技巧和策略： 善于审题。 听懂故事的基本信息：who, what, when, where, why, how。 例如：时间、距离、价格、人数、年龄、重量、倍数、人名、地名和物名等。 听懂故事的情节过渡信息。开始、中间、结尾；人物之间的关系发展等。【例题解析】Test 24主要介绍：人们最早是怎样开始使用邮票的呢？谁最先想出了这个主意的？Key
18、 words: stamps, envelope, postage, a schoolmaster, seals（故事文本略） 背景理解（审题）：The story of the stamps 关键信息或词块获取（听懂）：When did people first begin to use stamps?-In the early ninteenth century.Why?- People were unhappy to pay postage when they received letters -especially for a unwanted letter, and the post
19、age rate was high because the post office had to seng many people to collect the postage.Who was the first to think of this idea? -Rowland Hill, a schoolmaster in England. Whats his idea?- People could buy stamps from the nearby post office, put them on envelopes before sending them to the post offi
20、ce, and then the post office simply put seals on the stamps so that people could no longer use the stamps again. The post office needed only send fewer postmen to deliver letters,which made the postage lower than before. Whats the result of his idea?-The government finally accepted his idea. When di
21、d stamps appear throughout Britain?-On May 5, 1840. How many kinds of the stamps were there?-“One Penny”black stamps and “Two Pence”blue stamps. 复述要点：合理重构故事；运用提示词汇；要点信息完整。例：Nowadays, we buy stamps and put them on the envelope when we send a letter. However, people didnt use stamps in the early ninte
22、enth century. They paid postage when they received a letter. The postage rate was high at that time, as the post office had to seng many people to collect the postage.Rowland Hill,a schoolmaster in England,was the first to think of the idea of using stamps.People could just buy stamps in the nearby
23、post office and put them on envelopes before they sent the letters. The post office could simply put seals an the stamps so that the stamps could be used again. The government finally accepted the idea. On May 6,1840,stamps began to be sold in Egland.三、对听说能力培养教学的建议及技巧和方法归纳虽然广东高考英语听说考试只有15分的卷面权重，但是，对
24、于不同听说水平的考生来讲存在着分数优势竞争力差异，而要使学生具备完善的英语基础能力，就必须重视该项目的训练，在教学中尽早计划，落实内容和能力目标，开展有效的教学活动。（一）关于语音基础训练的技巧技巧之一：熟练掌握音标及各种字母组合的发音规律语音音标及各种字母组合的发音规律，是构成整个英语口语的基础，是进行口语交流的最基本的先决条件。要准确地理解别人的话或表达自己的意思，都必须以发送正确的语音信息为基础。语音构成了整个语音现象中最基本规范，这个规范是我们每个要进行口语交流的人所必须遵循的。否则，就会出现诸多恶果：1）你说出的英语别人听不懂；2）别人说出的纯正英语你听不懂；3）容易造成单词读错、记
25、错、写错等许多“暗病”。技巧之二：熟练掌握好认真模仿、读英语绕口令、朗读练习这三种重要的方法。1、模仿。可以模仿英语教师的正确音调，也可以反复听读英语录音带提供的标准音调，还可以多收看电视播放的基础英语课程。要点是先认真听，听准后再认真模仿，模仿得越逼真越好。2、语绕口令。针对自己的发音问题有目的地读，效果很好。如发不好，这个元音，就多读A fat cat catches a black rat.这类绕口令。3、朗读练习。在基本上掌握了单词词汇的发音和拼写规律之后，再进行相应的口语体的音韵学学习和训练。训练时，首先要纠正学生关于“会读、会写，就会说” 的错误思想，必须充分认识到口语不仅在用词、
26、句法、思维表达方式上，还在语法形式等方面不同于书面语。其音韵、语调规律更具有自己一套特有的结构和表达，甚至口语体语言的直接发声行为也并不一定与其组成词汇的发声相对应。技巧之三：熟练掌握口语体英语的特征性规律什么是口语体英语的特征性规律呢?由于口语体英语具有发音流畅、速度快、容易上口等特点，且大量地使用小句型，句子中多为单音节或少音节词汇，所以在语音上就形成了音位同化、音化、连续及省略等现象，与重音、语调、语速等表达信息方式一起构成了口语体英语的特征性规律。我们应该有意识地培养自己运用这些规律的能力。（二）关于听力训练的技巧精听进行精听练习，要选一些难易程度适当的小短文、小故事、小对话等，注意生
27、词不要太多，内容不要太偏。否则，完全听不懂的材料，对于听者只是一种“噪音”，对学生掌握英语不会有帮助。进行精听的教学有三个步骤：第一步，做笔记。在开始听之前，教师先把文章的中心思想及所谈论问题的关键交待给学生，然后逐句讲解，让学生对人名、地名、年龄、价码等边听边做笔记，防止一听而过，印象不深而忘记。有时一连串的人名、地名、数字等接踵而来，令人目不暇接，很难记下来。对此，应采取缩写或符号代记的方法速记下来，这对提高听力技巧大有帮助。第二步，学会辨认要点，抓住关键信息。在听力训练中，让学生先抓大意、后记细节，注意克服“只见树木、不见森林”的通病。在听短文时，一要参照选择项；二要注意捕捉主题句；三要特别注意过渡性词语（即承接词），这
