1、t be a better society.It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of
2、 the same family were all alive at the same time?Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents，or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and
3、advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.Working life would also be affected，especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age-skill，wisdom and good judgment.On the other
4、hand，more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals，making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to comm
5、unicate with a 125-year-old boss?Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people，and more on making life comfortable for the old.And society would feel very different if mo
6、re of its members were older. There would be more wisdom，but less energy. Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend to think without acting. Young people are curious and like to experience different things. Old people ar
7、e less enthusiastic about change. In fact ，they are less enthusiastic about everything.The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advances，we need to think about these changes now. If this could ever happen，then wed better ask what kind of society we want
8、to get， says Daniel Callahan. We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out.词汇:mice / mais / n. 老鼠（复数）sibling / sibli? / n. 兄弟姐妹bioethicist / n. 生物伦理学家注释:1. brothers and sisters born 50 years apart 出生年份相隔50年的兄弟姐妹2. We had better not go anywhere near it 我们最好离它远点，这里的it指
9、代前面讲的 anti-ageing technology.译文谁想永生？如果你的医生能给你一种药，这个药能让你健康的活两倍长的时间，你会服用吗？ 好消息是我们离这一天越来越近了。科学家已经在实验中延长了苍蝇、螨虫和老鼠的寿命。 许多人认为，采用基因疗法，我们很快就能将人类的寿命延长到至少140年。这獠似一个好主意。想想我们将会延长多少时间来追逐我们的梦想、与爱人厮守、猾着我们 的孩子成长并组成他们自己的家庭。加州大学公共健康学院的格里戈里?斯托克博士认为：“长寿能使我们有机会改正错误，亦 能促使人从长计划。同时，长寿还延长了人的工作时间,从而使生产力得到提髙。长寿不仅会影响到寿命延长的这个人的
10、生活，还会影响到整个社会。战争、贫困，所有这类 问题都确实存在着，而我认为延长人的海命并不能缓解这些问题美国的生命伦理学家丹尼 尔?卡拉汉如是说，“我们应该考虑的是长寿将给我们的社会带来什么？我想那将不是一个更 好的社会。”当然，那将是一个非常不同的社会。如今的人们已经觉得保持一段婚姻比以往更加困难。离 婚率在不断上升。如果一个社会里的人都能活到140岁，那时候的婚姻将是什么样的呢？如果一 个家庭里同时生活着九或十代人，那样的家庭生活又将是怎样的一种悄景呢？对老龄化的研究有可能延长女性的育龄。那样的话，就可能出现百岁的父母，或者年龄相差 50岁的兄弟姐妹。其实我们是希望W舟或姐姐能够给予我们帮
11、助、建议和保护，但是如果他们厲 于另一个完全不同的年代，就很难做到这些。长寿也将影响到人的职业生涯，尤其是退休年龄被推后了。更多的人将工作更长的时间。这 能带给我们年龄上的优势：熟练的技术、智蒽以及准确的判断。而另一方面，更多的人工作更长 的时间将使求职的竞争更加激烈。年轾人更难找到工作。永远是少数的那几个人占据聍商端职位， 这使职业发展更加困难。想象一下：一个25岁的员工在与125岁的老板沟通时将遇到怎样的困难？在一个人的寿命长达140年的社会，年轻人将是一个很小的人群。因此，这样的社会很可能 不会太看重对年轻人的教育和引导，反而会更重视改善老年人的生活质世。如果一个社会的绝大多数是老年人，
12、它将给人带来很不同的感受。它更有智蒽，却缺乏活力。 年轻人喜动，老年人喜静；年轻人做事缺乏思考，老年人爱思考却缺乏行动；年轻人好奇心强并 可望有不同的体验，老年人对变化缺乏热情，事实上，他们是对所有的事都缺乏热佾。“逆老龄化”技术所产生的影响比我们想象的要深远。而随巷科技的进步，我们现在就需要去考虑这些改变。“如果这个手术有一天能实现，我们最好问问自己想得到一个怎样的社会,丹尼尔卡拉汉说，“在想清楚这些问题之前，我们最好不要开始着手做这件事。练习:1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living
13、 longer might enable an individual to do?A Spendingmore time with his family.B Havingmore education.C Realizing more dreams.D Working longer.2.Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?AMarriages in the US today are quite unstable.BMore and more people in the US today want to get marr
14、ied.CLiving longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.DIf people live longer ，they would stay in marriage longer.3.All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPTACommunication between employers and employees would be more difficu
15、lt.BMore money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.CThe job market would be more competitive.DIt would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions.4.An important feature of a society in which people live a long life is thatAit places more emphasis on educa
16、ting the young.Bit is both wise and energetic.Cit lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new.Dit welcomes changes.5. Which of the following best describes Callahan s attitude to anti-ageing technology ?AOptimistic.BPessimistic.CReserved.DNegative.答案与题解：1. B 长寿使个人能做的事主要在第三、四段里讲到，作者没有提到长寿可以让人更多地接受教
17、育。A 本题答案以下面的这两句话为依据:Peopleare already findingit more difficultto stay married.Divorce rates are rising.暗示美国人目前的婚姻关系已经十分脆弱。B 文章的第九段讲了寿命延长、退休推迟可能带来的种种问题，但作者没有提到雇佣者需要更多的钱来支付员工的工资。C答案可以在第十、十一这两段里找到。5. 本题的答案依据可以在最后一段里找到。Callahan 认为在搞清楚长寿社会会给我们带来哪些问题之前，最好不要急着搞抗衰老的技术。可见他对抗衰老技术的发展是有保留的。Some People Do Not Ta
18、ste Salt Like OthersLow-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others，according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors inf1uence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusio
19、ns are important because recent ，well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others，pointed out John Hayes，assistant professor of food science ，who was lead investigator on the stu
20、dy.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and cons
21、umption.The research involved 87carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips，on multiple occasions ，spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women ，reportedly healthy ，ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were
22、 not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale，ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.Most of us like the taste of salt. However，some individuals eat more salt ，both because t
23、hey like the taste of saltiness more ，and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food. said Hayes. Supertasters，people who experience tastes more intensely ，consume more salt than do nontasters. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor ，and at least for these foods，
24、more is better ，so the supertasters seem to like them more. However ，supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese ，Hayes noted. For example ，cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk ，but also bitter tastes from ripenin
25、g that are blocked by salt , he said. A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced.Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee ，showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain ch
26、emicals. As a result ，Hayes explained ，we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists ，and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.Some people ，called supertasters，describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter ，while others ，called nontasters，find these same bitter co
27、mpounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter. he said. Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is not limited to bitterness. publicize / p?blisaiz / v. 引起公众对的注 意;（用广告）宣传dietary / dai?teri / adj. 饮食的;规定食物的ferment / f
28、?:ment / v. （使）发酵geneticist / d?inetisist / n. 遗传学家acuity / ?kju:iti / n. 敏锐;尖锐1. Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences: 即 Penn State University-College of Agricultural Sciences 宾州州立大学农学院。Penn 是 Pennsylvania 的缩写，是美国宾夕法尼亚州州名。宾州州立大学建于1855年，在全国共有 24 个分校。在句中，Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences 用作定语，修饰 food scientist。2. well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food:有关减少食物含盐量的大力宣传的做法.3. left many peo
