1、Classroom ActivitiesI. Warm-up discussionQuestion: Do you know anything about Bill Gates such as his life and his educational background?Hint1）birthday and birthplace: October 28, 1995; Seattle, Washington2）educational background: Harvard University （education not completed）3）career: chairmen and ch
2、ief software architect of Microsoft, the words largest and most profitable software company.4）main events in his life: a.beginning programming computers at age 13;b.developing a version of the programming language BASIC for the first microcomputer in Harvard;c.founding Microsoft Corporation in 1975
3、at the age of 19II. Vocabulary in Text A1. education n. 教育e.g. Children in poor areas receive free education.educate v. 教育；教导educated adj. 受教育的e.g. a well-educated man educator n. 教育家，教育者2. count v. 派用场，点数e.g. 1） Every seconds counts. 2） What counts more is whether you have tried your best. 3） to co
4、unt from 1 to 100 4） Count these apples. 3. advantage n. 有利条件，好处；优点，优势 e.g. This product has many advantages. advantageous adj. 有利的，有益的，便利的 e.g. It is highly advantageous to us. Phrase: take advantage of 很好的使用；利用 e.g. take advantage of all educational opportunities Antonym: disadvantage n. 不利；不利条件 e
5、.g. His bad health is a great disadvantage to him when he looks for work.4. lifetime n. 一生，终生 e.g. 1） a lifetime guarantee 2）lifetime membership 3） In my fathers lifetime there have been many changes in the village.5. part-time adj.& adv. 兼职的（地） e.g. 1）a part-time job 2）He works part-time. full-time
6、 adj. 全职的 e.g. a full-time housewife6. programmer n. 程序师，编程员 program v. 编制程序 e.g. Please program the computer to do the job instead of doing it manually（手工操作）.7. discourage vt. 不鼓励；使泄气，使失去信心 e.g. His parents discouraged him from joining the air force. discouraged adj. 泄气的，失去信心的 discouraging adj. 使人泄
7、气的，使人失去信心的 e.g. 1） If you meet difficulty in your study, dont be discouraged. 2） It is discouraging that I didnt know how to solve the problem. encourage vt. 鼓励 e.g. I encouraged her to work hard and to try to pass the examinations. courage n. 勇敢，勇气 e.g. David showed great courage when he saved the
8、child from the burning house.8. diploma n. 文凭，毕业证书 e.g. a college diploma diplomatic adj. 外交的，从事外交的 e.g. Julia joined the diplomatic service after her graduation from university.9. project n. 项目，课题 e.g. 1） an impossible project 2） The professor is directing a research project.Synonym: plan10. highly
9、 adv. 高度地；非常 e.g. 1） a highly interesting story 2） a highly paid job speak/ think highly of 赞扬，对给予很高评价 e.g. The leader speaks / thinks highly of our work.11. focus v. （使）集中；（使）聚焦 e.g. 1） to focus （ones mind） in work 2） All eyes focused on the speaker. focus n. （兴趣活动等的）中心，焦点 e.g. Because of his stran
10、ge clothes, he immediately became the focus of attention when he entered the office.12. range n. 范围 e.g. You have a wide range of choices. range vi. 在某范围内变化e.g. The temperature ranges from 10 to 20 degrees.13. attend v. 参加，出席 e.g. attend school attend a lecture attendance n. 出席，到场14. automatically a
11、dv. 自动地 e.g. the machine operates automatically. automatic adj. 自动的 e.g. We have an automatic washing machine.15. drop out of 退学，不参与，退出 e.g. 1） He dropped out of school at the age of 10 because his family was too poor to afford the tuition. 2） She decided to drop out of the competition because it wa
12、s not fire.16. chance of a lifetime 千载难逢的良机，一生中唯一的机会 e.g. Its the chance of a lifetime. You will regret it the rest of your life if you dont take it.17. try out 试验，考验 e.g. She bought a cookbook and tried out a few new recipes.18. in short 简而言之，总之 e.g. In short, you should study hard for a better fut
13、ure. Synonym: in brief/ to sum up/ all in all/ in conclusionIII. Language Points in Text A1.They want to know what to study, or whether its Ok to drop out of college since thats what I did.what to study: This is a wh-word + infinitive structure used as the object, which can be changed into an object
14、 clause. Wh-word + infinitive structure can be used as a subject, an object, or an appositive clause（同位语从句），for example:1）How to improve their English is often discussed among the students.2）We havent decided when to visit the place.3）You havent answered my question about where to get these books.it
15、s Ok to drop out of college: Here “it” is used as a formal subject, and the actual subject is the infinitive structure “to drop out of college”. The general pattern is “It is + adj. + （for/ of + sb.） to do sth.” More examples:1）It was very thoughtful of her to come to see me when I was ill.2）Its eas
16、y for me to see through his trick.thats what I did: “what I did” here is a predictive clause （表语从句）introduced by “what”. It is always structured in the form of “subject + be/ look/ remain/ seem + predictive clause” and can be introduced by such words as “that” （always omitted）, and other wh-words, f
17、or example:1） It seems （that） it is going to rain.2） This is why I refused to attend the meeting.2. As Ive said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the chance of a lifetime.As Ive said before: This is a non-restrictive relative clause（非限制性关系从句） introduced by “as”（
18、正如的那样）, which can be placed at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. More examples:1） As people expected, she was admitted to Beijing University.2） Hundreds of people were killed in the earthquake, as I have learned from the newspaper.unless: is a conjunction for an adverbial clause of condit
19、ion （条件状语从句）, which equals “ifnot”（除非）. e.g. I wont leave unless the rain stops.3. In my companys early years, we have a bright part-time programmer who planned to drop out of high school to work.planned to: intend to do sth.计划、打算做某事e.g. I plan to make a trip to Beijing during the summer vocation.wh
20、o planned to work: a restrictive relative clause introduced by “who” since its antecedent is a person and serves as the subject in the clause. The relative pronoun “that” can be used here too. More examples:1） The young man who sits there quietly is my brother.2） I dont like people that pry into oth
21、ers private business.4. Having a diploma certainly helps somebody who is looking to us for a job.look to sb./ sth.: to depend on sb. or sth. for help or advice 指望，依赖 e.g. We look to you for support.5. High school and college offer you the best chance to learn many things and to do projects with othe
22、rs that teach you about team spirit.that teach you about team spirit: This is a restrictive relative clause introduced by “that”, whose antecedent acts as the subject of the clause. Actually the relative clause introduced by “that” can be used to modify both the person or the thing, and the roll of
23、“that” can be either the subject or the object. e.g. He was the only one that I knew there. I havent been to the place that you have mentioned.6. In high school there was a time when I was highly focused on writing software, but for most of my high school years I had many interests.when software: Th
24、is is a relative clause introduced by the relative adverb “when”, which acts as the adverbial of time in the clause. e.g. 1） There was a time when I completely lost my self-confidence. 2） I will never forget those days when we were together.7. For me, classroom is not the only place where you can le
25、arn.where you can learn: This is a restrictive relative clause introduced by the relative adverb “where”, which is used as the adverbial of place in the clause.e.g. 1） Do you still remember the restaurant where we had dinner last night? 2） This is the place where he stayed his whole life.8. In short
26、, its a real mistake not to take the chance to study a wide range of subjects and to learn to work with other people because education does count.its a real mistake not to take the chance: This is an example of a negative infinitive structure, where “not” is placed before an infinitive.e.g. 1） We ar
27、e asked not to speak loudly in class.2） It is a good idea not to go out on such a rainy day.IV. Focus on Grammar名词（Noun ）一、名词的概念 表示人、事物或抽象概念的词叫做名词。二、名词的分类 按照意义划分，名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。1. 专有名词 专有名词表示特定的人或物，如人名、地名、机构组织名称等，首字母须大写，有些须带定冠词。如Shakespeare Michael Jordan New York Europe the Atlantic the Philipp
28、ines the United Nations the Peoples Republic of China2. 普通名词 普通名词表示某类人或某类事物的名称，又可分为四类。 1）个体名词：指人或物的个体，可以计数。如：a book, two books; a teacher, several teachers 2）集体名词：指一群人或物的总称，有些可数，有些不可数，而有些总以复数形式出现。 可数集体名词，如：class, team, family 不可数集体名词，如：furniture, equipment, machinery 复数形式的集体名词，如：people, police, clot
29、hes 3）物质名词：表示不能分为个体的物质，为不可数名词。meat, milk, gold, cloth, land 4）抽象名词：表示人或物的品质、状态等抽象概念，为不可数名词。friendship, hunger三、名词的计数 按照名词是否有复数形式，还可以把名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词的复数形式构成有规则变化与不规则变化之分。1. 规则可数名词复数形式的构成详见学生用书。2. 不规则名词的复数构成主要有以下几种情况： 1）通过内部元音变换成复数。foot-feet, mouse-mice, man-men 2）通过加-en变为复数。child-children, ox-oxen 3）有些名词单复数同形。means-means, species-species, sheep-sheep 4）外来词的复数形式。analysis-analyses, datum-data, criterion-criteria3. 不可数名词的计数：不可数名词
