1、 This is she. 我就是玛丽. 考点3. 代词的指代问题1不定代词anybody, everybody, nobody, anyone, someone, everyone, no one, whoever与person在正式场合使用时,可用he, his, him代替.如： Nobody came,did he? 谁也没来,是吗?2动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替,有时也用he, she,带有亲切的感情色彩.如： Give the cat some food.She is hungry. 给这猫一些吃的.她饿了.3指代车或国家船舶的名词,含有感情色彩时常用she.考点4. 并
2、列人称代词的排列顺序1单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为：第二人称-第三人称-第一人称,即you-he/she/it-I. 如： You,he and Ishould return on time.2复数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为：第一人称-第二人称-第三人称,即we-you-they. 注意：在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面： a. 在承认错误,承担责任时,如： It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了. b. 在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称,如： I and you try to finish it.我和你去弄好
3、它. c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时. d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时.考点5. 双重所有格 公式为：”a, an, this, that of名词性物主代词”. 如： a friend of mine, each brother of his.相互代词不可以说 a friend of my friends 相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组 但是,相互代词可加s构成所有格.如： The students borrowed each others notes.学生们互借笔记.考点6. 疑问代词which和what 二者所指的范围不同.what所
4、指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内. Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘? What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘?考点7. 主要的不定代词 all, both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any, one, no以及 something, anything, everything, nothing, someone, anyone no one,none,eve
5、ryone,somebody,anybody, everybody,nobody等等. 第二节 数词的考点分析考点1. 基数词一般是单数形式,但遇下列情况,常用复数1与of短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如”scores of people”指许多人;2在一些表示”一排”或”一组”的词组里. 如They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两地到了.3表示”几十岁”. 4表示”年代”,用”in the 数词复数”. 5在乘法运算的一些表示法里,如Three fives isarefifteen. 考点2. 序数词的缩写形式如：first-1st, secon
6、d-2nd,thirty-first-31st等. 考点3. 倍数表示法 a. 主语 谓语倍数或分数 as adj. as. I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多. b. 主语 谓语倍数或分数 the sizeamount,lengthof. The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍. c. 主语 谓语倍数或分数 形容词或副词比较级 than.The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今
7、年比去年粮食产量增加8%. d. 还可以用by 倍数,表示增加多少倍.The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.今年粮食产量增加了4倍.考点4. 分数表示法的构成：基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母.分子大于1时,分子序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数. 1/3 ：one-third; 33/7 ：three and three-sevenths.第三节 冠词的考点分析 考点1. 不定冠词a/an代表一类人或物.A knife is a tool for cutting with.刀是切割的工具. 定冠词the
8、与指示代词this,that同源,有“那这个”的意思,但意义较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西. 1与单数名词连用表示一类事物,如the dollar美元;狐狸the fox;或与形容词或分词连用,表示“一类”. 2与复数名词连用,指整个群体.如： They are the teachers of this school. 指全体教师 They are teachers of this school. 指部分教师 3表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前. 4用在表示乐器的名词之前. 5用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人. 零冠词的用法： 1国名,人名前通常不
9、用定冠词.如：England,Mary. 2返指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词. 3抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词. 4物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词. 5在季节,月份,节日,假日,日期,星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词. 6在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词. 7在三餐,球类运动和娱乐运动的名词前,不加冠词,如： have breakfast , play chess. 8当两个或两个以上名词连用时,常省去冠词. 9当by与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词,如： by bus , by train. 10不用冠词
10、的序数词. a. 序数词前有物主代词时. b. 序数词坐副词.如： He came first in the race. 他跑步得了第一. c. 在固定词组中,如： at thefirst, first of all, from first to last等. 考点2. 冠词与 “形容词名词结构” 1 两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同的人或物.He raises a black and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫. The black and the white cats are hers. 这只黑猫和白猫都是她的. 2 如后有一个形容词无冠词,则指一人或一物.He r
11、aises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫.考点3. 冠词的位置 1 不定冠词的位置 a. 当名词前的形容词被副词as,so,too,how,however,enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后.It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. 我从未这么高兴过. So short a time. 如此短的时间. Too long a distance. 距离太远了. b. quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后.但当rather,quite前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可,rather a col
12、d day/a rather cold day. c. 在as,though引导的让步状语从句中,当表语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词置于形容词之后.Brave a man though he is, he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖. 2 定冠词的位置 定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语之前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前.All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有学生都出去了.第四讲 形容词和副词的考点分析考点
13、1. 用形容词表示类别和整体 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接,如the dead, the living, the rich, the poor, the blind, the hungry等.The poor are losing hope. 穷人们将失去希望. 考点2. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 限定词数词描绘词 大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色 出处材料性质类别名词.a small round table / a tall gray building / a dirty old brown shirt / a famous German medical school
14、 / an expensive Japanese sports car 一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容次靠近名词.如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的在后;在不能确定时,可参照：限定词数量词序数词在前,基数词在后 形状形容词大小,长短,高低等形体形容词新旧颜色国籍材料名词.those three beautiful large square old brown wood table. 考点3. 表示比较的一些句型 1as 形容词或副词原级as 2在否定句或疑问句中可用soasHe cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快. 3当asas中
15、间有名词时采用以下格式：as 形容词a/an单数名词; as many/much名词.I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸,我也能. 4 倍数as 形容词as 倍数the of.This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍. 需要注意的用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面.This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍. Your room is the same size as mine. 你
16、的房间和我的一样大.考点4. 可修饰形容词或副词比较级的词或短语 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等.考点5. 可修饰形容词或副词最高级的词或短语 by far, far, much, mostly, almost等.this hat is nearly/almost the biggest.这帽子差不多是最大的了.考点6. 与more有关的短语和句型 1 the morethe more “越就越”.The harder you work,
17、 the greater progress youll make. 越努力,进步就越大. 2 more B than A less A than B 与其说A不如说B.He is more lazy than slow at his work. He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时,与其说是反应慢不如说是懒. 3 no morethan 与一样, 不比多.The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多. no less than 与一样, 不比少.He is no l
18、ess diligent than you.他和你一样勤勉. 4 more than 不只是,非常.She is more than kind to us all.她对我们非常热心.第五讲 介词和介词短语的考点分析考点一 介词的基本概念1 介词又称前置词,用于名词,代词或名词性词语之前,以表示其与句中其他词语之间的关系.介词不能单独作句子成分,只能和名词,代词及名词性词语一起充当句子成分.位于介词之后的名词,代词或名词性词语是介词的宾语,介词和其宾语二者合起来构成介词短语.介词后面的代词必须用宾格. Well,this silence is perfect for me. 噢,这种安静对我来说
19、是太美了. me作介词for的宾语,for me就是介词短语. He did a lot for the people in his short life. 他在短短的一生中为人民做了很多工作. the people作介词for的宾语,his short life作介词in的宾语. The scientist lectured on how to improve the soil. 这位科学家讲如何改良土壤. how to improve the soil作介词on的宾语.2介词的种类： a. 简单介词-普通介词.如：at, by, for, from, in, of, on, to, wit
20、h等. 合成介词.如：onto, into, within等. 分词介词.如：including, concerning, excluding, given, regarding等 b. 二重介词-由两个简单介词连用而构成.如：from behand, since before, until after等. c. 短语介词-由两个或两个以上的词所组成的短语构成,通常断语的最后一个词是简单介词.in front of, because of, instead of, according to, by means, in face of, in place of, in spite of, on
21、account of, due to等. 3介词短语在句中的作用 a. 作后置定语. Nothing in the world moves faster than light. 世界上没有东西比光传播得更快. I think there will be letter from my wife tomorrow. 我想明天或许有我妻子的来信. b. 作状语 We live in a material world. 我们生活在一个物质世界里. A lot of people volunteered to denote their blood out of sympathy. 出于同情,很多人自愿鲜
22、血.The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午会议要在教室里举行.在句末同时有时间状语和地点状语时,地点状语一般须放在时间状语之前. c. 作表语 A good teacher must be neither too strict nor too weak; his manner must lie beteen these two. 一个好老师既不能太严厉,也不能太软弱,他的举止必须介于这两者之间. The English handbook will be of much help to you. 这本英
23、语手册,对你会有很多帮助. d. 作补足语 They have found the engine in good condition. 他们认为这部发动机运转良好. Petroleum is considered of great value. 石油被认为很有价值. She put her coat on the table and sat down. 她把外套放在桌上,坐了下来. We found the wallet on the floor. 我们在地板上找到了钱包. e.作介词宾语 Mr. Brown coundnt go home until after 9 oclock. 布朗先生
24、直到九点钟之后才能回家. The dog ran out from behind the door. 那条狗从门后窜了出去.考点二 常见介词的语法特征 1 表示时间的介词：about, after, at, before, between, by, during, for, in, on, over, since, though, till, to, until, up to, fromto等.如果在morning, afternoon, evening, night等名词前有一个表示具体某一天的名词作定语时,介词不能用in或at,而必须用on. on Thursday evening, on
25、 a cold winter morning, on the afternoon of April 8, on the night of his return 2表示地点,位置和方向的介词： about, above, across, along, amid, among, at, away from, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, down, from, in front of, inside, into, near, next to, off, on, onto, on top of, out of
26、, outside, over, past, through, to, toward, for, under, up, up to等.3表示原因的介词：for, from, of, through, with, because of, due to, owing to, for fear of, on account of , out of , thanks to 多用于褒义等. 4表示工具,方式,手段的介词：by, on, with, without, by means of, like, in等.5表示目的的介词：for, on, to, for the purpose of, for t
27、he sake of, in honor of等.6表示结果的介词：into, to等. 如He frightened the boy into telling the truth. 他吓得那个男孩说出了真相. I wondered why she tore the letter into to pieces. 我不明白她为什么把信撕碎了. To my surprise, I found him still waiting there when we were back. 令我吃惊的是,我们回来时我发现他还在那里等着.7表示对象的介词：at, for, to等. 如This letter is
28、 for you. 这封信是给你的.8表示条件的介词：without, but for, in case of, in the event of等. 如Without/but for your help, we would have been late. 要不是你帮忙,我们就迟到了.9表示对比的介词：against, to, in, comparison with, in contrast to with等. 如The result of the match was 5 points to 3. 比赛的结果是5比3. 10表示度量的介词：at, by, for等. 如He rented a house 15 feet
