1、2.缩略词如Mr.、Dr.等不能和后面的名字拆开移行。 缩略的专用名词如U.K.（the UnitedKingdom）、U.S.A（United States of America）等也不能拆开移行。3.时间、量度及货币单位应视为一个整体;不能分开移行。如: 11:00 P.M. 应写在一行内，不能将11:00和PM.分开移行;写38时，不能将38和分开移行。4.由年、月、日表示的日期。如果必须分开移行只能将月、日与年分开。如January 6，1980不能将January和6分开移行，但可以把January 6，和1980分成两行。5.含双写辅音字母的单词，在移行时要将辅音字母拆开。如bet
2、ter可拆成bet-ter，necessary可拆成 neces-sary。但如果双写辅音字母属于词根，后面又加了后缀，就不能将两个辅音字母拆开。如drill加上-ing后构成了drilling，就不可以将它拆成dril-ling，而只能拆为drilling。书信题型写作是应用文写作中常见的功能性写作形式，书信写作的准备一是宏观，就是要掌握它的格式，基本框架，就是先写什么，后写什么;二是微观，具体到语言如何使用。折叠 书信格式一、书信写作考察的结构日期，写信人应将写信日期（年，月，日）放在书信正文的右上角，如Jan. 30th, 2010。提醒:考研书信写作没有要求考生必须写时间，如果没有把握
3、自己的时间书写格式是正确的，建议考生不要写，以免出错反而扣分。称呼，称呼是写信人对收信人的称谓，称呼可以根据收信人的性别，职务，婚姻状况，姓名等个人信息来写，如:Mr. Williams,Mrs. Bush, Professor Li, Dr. Smith, Dear Mum and Dad如果写信人不清楚收信人的具体姓名，职务等情况，可以写:Dear Sir orMadam, To whom it may concern。正文，正文是书信的主要部分，在称呼下方隔一或两行处开始。考生写正文时，要分层次进行。书信正文通常由引言，展开段和结尾三个层次组成。引言，引言表明写信人的写信目的和写信背景，
4、一般仅限于一段，一两句话即可。此处考生容易犯一个错误:照抄题目的表达，甚至原句，这是一个严重的错误，在阅卷过程至少会扣到2分，希望广大考生要注意。展开段，展开段内容应详实，具体。可以分为若干段来写，每一段围绕一个主题展开。提醒广大考生，题干中的要点必须全部包含，考生若是在漏掉一个要点（一般小作文有3个要点）会至少扣掉3分。结尾，结尾部分通常比引言部分短，使用一两句话表达一下希望或祝愿。结束语，结束语是写信人对收信人的谦称，写在正文下面二至三行处。公务等较正式的信件多采用Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours, Yours faithfully, Yours truly
5、等;私人信件，多采用Yours, Withlove, Yours affectionately 等。签名，签名应写在结束语的下面。二、主体段语言的操作书信按照指令边想边写。主体第一段一句话，开门见山，提出写信的目的，表明信的性质:是投诉信还是申请信还是请求信?我为什么要写这封信?常用句式包括:I am writing to complain aboutI am writing to thank for /express mygratitude for I am writing to ask forI am writing to apply for正文第二段，100个字左右，8、9句话。此段写作
6、的中心任务是把题目中的提纲进行扩展。如果有3条提纲，可以每一条提纲扩充3句。怎么样扩充，主要是发挥点小小的想象力，有两种思路，一是将上义拆分成为若干下义，二是把一件事情说得更为形象具体。比如第一条指令，题目里面说是books，可以细化为各种各样的书，这就是下义拆分法。还可以具体描写一下这些书是什么样子的。同样第二个指令里面的methods ofpayment,和第三个指令里面的time and way of delivery都可以采用这两种方法进行扩展。结尾，一般为礼貌性的套话，一般都是焦急等待着您的回信I am lookingforward to your reply足以，或者I would
7、 appreciate it if you could senda replay at your earliest convenience也行。折叠 书信句型常用起首语1） Looking forward to your early reply2） Hoping to hear from you soon3） I hope to hear from you very soon。4） We look forward to your reply at yourearliest convenience。5） Your early reply will be highlyappreciated。6）
8、I hope everything will be well withyou。7） Please let us know if you want moreinformation。8） I wish you very success in the comingyear。9） Please remember me to your family。10） With best regards to your family。11） All the best。12） With love and good wishes。求职申请信常用句型1. In reply to your advertisement in
9、 ,Irespectfully offer my services for the situation。2. With reference to your advertisementin for a / an ,I offer myself for the post。3. Please consider me an applicant forthe position which you advertised in 。4. Having noticed the enclosedadvertisement in ,I wish to apply for the position referred
10、to。5. In answer to your advertisement in for a ,I wish to tender my services。6. Your advertisement for a in hasinterested me. I feel I can fill that position。7. Shall you need an experienced foryour next SUMMER?8. I have been for over five years inthe employment of a / an company9. I have been in th
11、e business for thelast years, and worked as the director of thedepartment。10. Ive had years experience with acompany as a 。11. For the last years, I have beenand still am a / an 。12. Im years of age, female / male,and have had years experience in a limited companys office13. I should be very glad to
12、 have apersonal interview and can furnish references if desired。14. If you desire an interview, I shallbe most happy to call in person, on any day and at any time you may appoint。15. Should you think favorably of myapplication, kindly grant me an interview。16. I trust that youll give thisapplication
13、 your favorable consideration。17. Should you give me a trial, Ill domy utmost to afford you every satisfaction。申诉信常用句型1. I am sorry to say that we are greatlyinconvenienced by the fact that 。2. I am writing this letter to complainabout 。3. I really must complain about thequality of the I recently go
14、t from your company。4. You seem to have supplied us with aproduct that falls far below the standard we expect。5. The I ordered from your storearrived broken. Obviously, no packing had been placed in the box before it wassent from the warehouse。6. It is now over since we made theabove order with you,
15、 but the we need badly now havent arrived yet。7. The product I purchased from you proved to be quite a disappointment. Although it looks exactly the same as theone I saw in your commercial, it actually does not perform the same way。8. As I have no interest in receiving areplacement, I am returning t
16、he product to you and demand that a full refund bemade to me。9. Id appreciate it very much if yourefund the money I have paid for it。10. We would appreciate it if you wouldarrange for the replacement of the damaged items。感谢信常用句式参考:1. Let me tell you how much I liked /appreciated / enjoyed2. I want y
17、ou to know how much we / Iappreciate3. We appreciate your taking time to 4. I dont know how I would have managedwithout your help5. I hope I can return the favor someday6. Do let me know if I can ever returnthe favor折叠 语法要点基英语学习的长期目标-交流所必需的能力之一。毋庸置疑，英语写作是集基础知识，基本能力和课外信息于一身的综合体现，同时，又要兼顾到写作者高超的写作技巧。因而
18、，没有扎实的英语语法知识;1）、taff was strict about closing at nine oclock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours - it must have been close to noon - the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached
19、 the mountain, it was our oclock and we were ex本段从rose（起床）写起，然后是吃早餐（not to miss breakfast, closing at nine oclock），然后是close to noon，一直写到这一天结束（By nine-）。B. 按位置远近排列（spatial arrangement）。例如:From the distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes.
20、 It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of
21、 glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically
22、. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.本段的写法是由远及近，从远处（from a distance）写起，然后get closer，再到（ten feet away），最后是inside the pagoda当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。C. 按逻辑关系排列（logical arrangement）a. 按重要性顺序排列（arrangement in order of importanc
23、e）If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to
24、 reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization,
25、whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与职业，身份有关，从not need much skill或of little importance到more important，最后是most important。b.由一般到特殊排列（general-to-specific arran
26、gement）If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesnt know what it means.
27、Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical seq
28、uel to sentence A - the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that sanguine and sanguinary mean the same thing, but the difference is
29、 a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.这一段谈的是a writers carelessness，先给出一个general statement作为主题句，然后通过5个 perhaps加以例证。c. 由特殊到一般排列（specific-to-general arrangement）I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago,
30、 Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but
