1、即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。另外，在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点：1.带着问题阅读短文。 2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。 三、文章体裁、特点及解题技巧 1.记叙文 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分
2、重要。 2.说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 解释说明文解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what,how,why等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读，将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。 比较说明文比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作者在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是，
3、在一般情况下，作者的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。 应用文应用文涉及的范围比较广，包括广告、通知、书信等。应用文一般语言简洁，省略及不规范的句子较多。阅读时一般要求考生全面掌握文章中提供的信息，并运用这些信息去解决问题。因此对题干的理解尤为重要。阅读理解的考题分为客观理解题（是指在短文中客观存在的事实，客观信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到）和主观理解题（这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案，须通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深理解，并据此进行判断和推理）。其中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题；主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。4、阅读理解的四大题型及解题技巧.事实细节题属于细节类型的阅读理解题
4、一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。第一步，阅读题目，找出问题的发问中心。第二步，带着这些问题来阅读文章。第三步，根据前两步的分析和判断，选择出最符合题意的答案。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的because, since
5、, as等；表转折关系的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。这类题型主要有三种形式：问句式，不完整的陈述句和排除法。1问句式A其发问形式主要有以下几种：How did something happen?Which of the following people should（not） do it?Which of the following did somebody have to deal with. ?Where should somebody do something?Cattle have served humanity
6、 since prehistoric（史前） days as beasts of burden（驮兽） and as supplier of leather, meat, and milk. Some of the earliest written records concern the sale of cattle. These valuable animals are unusual in that they do not have front teeth in their upper jaw（下巴）. Instead they chew with their back teeth and
7、 gums （齿龈）. Cows swallow their food quickly and store it in the fat stomach or rumen（瘤胃）, the first of the four compartments stomachs in their.Questions:According to the passage, what is the rumen?A. The first stomach compartment.B. The name of the upper jaw.C. The stomach where digestion （消化） takes
8、 place.D. The name of the bacteria（细菌） in the cows stomach.带着发问中心及选择项目阅读原文。当我们读到rumen这个词时，可在它下面画一横线，紧接此词下面一句“first of the four compartments in their stomachs”，正是解释rumen的，可在它的下面画一虚线并可标出题号和选择项。2不完整的陈述句式A常见形式有：Something can be best classifiedklsfad（归类） as .A certain kind of person is someone who .Peopl
9、e are looking for better ways to .According to the author,“it”was caused by .B解题技巧：这类题的答案与原文在字面上的差异很大，有时还要找出与前句的内容在逻辑上的联系，因此答这类题时准确理解是关键，一定要冷静，仔细分析。在做不完整的陈述式题目时候，仍可参考上面列举的解题步骤。3排除式Which of the following are NOT mentioned in the passage?Which of the following is TRUE?Which of the following is NOT lis
10、ted in . ?Which of the following is NOT included in the passage?做这类题时，首先要仔细阅读题后的选项，牢记各个选项所阐述的不同内容，然后阅读原文。凡是原文中的信息与选择项内容相同的，我们可以在这些信息下面划线，以作为排除的内容。如果基本选项的内容在原文找不到相应的信息，那么该选项即为该题的答案。这类题与前两种题型不同，后者答案应包括在原文内容中，即与所述的事实具有直接或间接的联系，而前者的答案是被排除在原文内容之外的，因此在答题时要将与原文内容有关的三个选项排除，剩下的一个才是答案。Life on LandLife on land
11、 probably began about 430 million years ago, though it has existed in the water for perhaps as long as 3000 million years. When we think of the first life on land, we probably think of strange animals coming out of the oceans, but, in fact ,no animals could have been living if plants had not been on
12、 land first. Plants had to be on land before animals arrived. They supplied the first land animals with the surrounding and food necessary, since they-the plants are the only form of life that is able to get and store energy.The first plants to exist out of the water were probably certain kinds of a
13、lgae ldi（海藻） which were followed by other plants that grew close to the ground and needed water in which to reproduce.A. Algae have existed for more than 430 million years.B. It is impossible that algae might be the earliest plant on land.C. Plants get food from animals in the oceans.D. Evolution be
14、gan after animals appeared on land.这是一道事实询问题。需要把短文第一段首句“Life on land probably began about 430 million years ago”和短文第二段首句“The first plants to exist out of the water were probably certain kinds of algae”联系起来考虑，正确答案为A。B、C、D三项与短文内容均不符，应排除。.猜测词义题 在高考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导；二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所
15、阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度。其实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念，要学会顺藤摸瓜，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。在阅读解题时要注意从以下七个方面着手：1）定义法，根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义在be，be called，call等判断词出现的判断句中，或定语从句及标点符号，可以根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。例如：The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出herdsman是“牧人”。It w
16、ill be very hard but also very brittle.that is, it will break easily. 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。2）对比法，根据对比关系猜测生词的词义在but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显对比关系，根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. 和clean意思相对
17、的便是“肮脏的”了，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”。She is usually prompt prmpt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“（ prompt）准时”的结论。3）因果法，通过因果关系猜测词义because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连接表示结果的状语从句的连词，so.that与such.that中的t
18、hat是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 根据because从句所讲的意思，我们就可推测trim就是“修剪”之意。The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again
19、. 从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久的”。4）常识法，根据生活常识猜测词义运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识。再联系上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 根据句子意思及生活经验，wither表示“枯萎”。5）同位法，根据同等关系猜测词义同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于同一范畴。明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。At forty-two
20、 he was in his prime and always full of energy. 从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年时期”。They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。6）列举法，根据列举的事例猜测词义You can take any of the periodicalspir
21、idiklz: “The World of English”. “Foreign Language Teaching in Schools”, or “English Learning”. 从后面列举的例子中，可以猜出periodical是“期刊，杂志”的意思。7）构词法，根据构词法知识猜测词义根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。例如在2006年福建的高考题文章中有这样一句：The schools are reluctant to take off even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentin
22、a game had trouble getting the day off.“Reluctant”can be placed by_.A.kindB.unwillingC. freeD.careless 解题思路：通过破折号可知正确答案为B.Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. possibility 是 possible 的同根名词， 据此可以断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10, Anaclerio said,
23、 and theyre very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.文中interactive是由前缀inter（相互的）和active（活动的，活跃的）构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。.推理判断题做这类题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。不要主观臆断，凭空想象，任意发挥，而走入误区。学生要学会运用主题句去推测、揣摩文字背后作者
24、的意图，运用归纳、对比、演绎技能，运用背景知识去挖掘文章深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调（如：否定、厌恶、反问、讽刺等）。这类试题常以如下 句式发问：What can you conclude/ imply from this passage?Whats the authors attitude（态度）towards.?We can infer /learn from the passage that.如： Once there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. The workers cou
25、ld do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help, who drew a line on it and said, “Take off the part where the line is and change it for a new one. ”The machine, with a new line on, began running well again. The engineer then asked for $ 30,000 for what he had done. The following were what he wr
26、ote on a bill, “The new part only costs one dollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine is costs $ 29,999.”Q: What can you conclude from this passage?A. the engineer asked for too much money B. the workers should pay the money C. the knowledge is worth money D. the new part could cost mor
27、e 这篇短文是作者讲的一个故事，那么通过这个故事我们可以判断出什么呢？虽然作者没有言明，但是我们可以断定，发现问题的所在需要智慧和知识，知识是创造价值的源泉，因此此题的正确答案应为C。.主旨大意题这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。一般主旨大意题可以分为两类：1确定文章的标题和主题（title or topic）标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子。要确定文章标题，首先，要在阅读原文的基础上，考虑标题是否与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括
28、全文内容。不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；然后，要注意标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应简练并能吸引读者。即:1、独特新颖 2、概括性强 3、短小精炼。常见的标题型题干：1）The best title/ headline for this passage might be_.2）The text （passage） could be entitled _.3）What is the best title for the passage?4） Whats the topic of the article?In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA we
29、re out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” t
30、o “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didnt have any real commercial（商业性的）success. The text is mainly about_.A. Lexico B. Three menC . A word game D. Alfred Butts.【解题思路】答案A 和C以偏概全。因此此题的正确答案应为D。2.主题句（topic sentence）及主旨大意（main idea）的概括一篇文章一般表达一个中心内容或主题。这个中心内容或主题通常用一个句子来概括。此句叫做主题句。一般来说，说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能在文中直接找
