1、英文字母及组合发音规律常见的字母与字母组合发音规则（I） 元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则元音字母的发音（一） 元音字母a1. 重读开音节eipaper;late;make;lake;face2. 重读闭音节?bag;fat;cat;ladder;mass（*例外：any一些e;many许多e）3. 非重读音节?或i即：?ago;along;among;above;aloudicomrade;village;manager；palace;private；necklace*连续相同的辅音（字母），一般只发一个音，而且归属后一个音节段。如上的ladder,village.4.在字母w或wh后面，发?
2、was;wash;what;want;(*例外：water水?:)5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath组合里,重读时均发a:即：dance;France;chanceask;mask;task;basketclass;grass;glass;pass;（*例外：mass?）fast;cast;past;last;master;father;path;bath;(*例外：maths?)(二)元音字母e1.重读开音节i:me;he;she;these;evening2.重读闭音节ehen;get;set;tell;echo3.非重读音节iuseless;ticket;ba
3、sket;pocket;before;below;（三）元音字母i或y1.重读开音节aiChina;try;my;hi;time;guide;2.重读闭音节isit;hit;ill;little;system;3.非重读音节iunit;study(四)元音字母o1.重读开音节?uno;so;go;home;photo;2.重读闭音节?not;hot;box;fox;cock;cost;3.非重读音节?purpose;concern4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前，均发?son;month;come;ton;(*例外：Tom?)love;dove;glove;above;anothermothe
4、r;brother;become;some5.两个单词：womanwu-m?n女人（单数）;womenwi-min女人（复数）（五）元音字母u1.重读开音节ju:pupil;student;use;cube2.重读闭音节?或u即：?cut;luck;umbrella;usuput;full;pull4. 非重读音节?autumn;August;support元音字母组合的拼读规则（一）元音字母a的字母组合1.ai或ay在重读音节中eirain;train;brain;painday;may;play;stay;lay*ay在非重读音里i或eiSunday;Monday;Tuesday;Thur
5、sday;Friday2.al+绝大多数辅音字母?:small;wall;call;talk;walk；chalk3.或?:lalso;always*al后面是k时，只发?:al+f或m时，al发a:half;calm-al在词尾非重读（?）lmedal;metal;(例外canal运河，重音在后?l)3.-ance在重读时a:nschance;dance;France在非重读时?nsimportance；performance；ambulance4.-ant非重读?ntassistant;important；peasant5.-ange一般eind?change;danger;strange
6、;(*但orangeind?)6.-age一般id?village;carriage;marriage7.-ask一般重读时a:skask;mask;task;basket8.-ass一般重读时a:sclass;glass;grass;pass;(*但mass?)9.-ast一般重读时a:stlast;past;fast;cast-aste一般eistwaste;paste;taste10.-ath一般a:bath;path;(*但maths?)或a:efather;rather;(*但gather?e)11.-au一般?:cause;autumn;August;(*但because?)-au
7、gh(t)?:(t)caught;taught;daughter(*例外：laughla:f)12.-aw?:draw;saw;law;awful13.a在字母w或wh后面，a发?was;wash;want;what;(*但water?:)14.-ar重读音时a:party;car;farm;army;yard;hard;star在字母w或音w后面时?:war;warm;warn;towards;*quarter在非重读音时-?beggar;dollar;solar15.-are一般-?hare;bare;dare;stare;rare;care;parent16.-air一般-?chair;
8、fair;hair;pair;stair;repair17.-able一般eiblable;cable;table;stable(二)元音字母e的组合1.-ea重读音节有四个音，分别是下列：-eai:team;meat;lead;teach;read;mean;please;steal-eaethreat;bread;meant;read(过去式和过去分词);peasant-eai?real;really-eaeigreat;break2.-eei:feel;week;keep;three;steel;street;sweep;see*但是一个例外：coffeei3.-eeri?deer;pi
9、oneer;engineer;volunteer4.-er重读音节?:her;term;service;Germany非重读?worker;paper;western;teacher特殊读法a:clerk5.-erei?here;mere-ere或者发?there;where6.-ear有三种音，分别是：-eari?ear;dear;near;clear;tear(n.);beard-ear?:early;earth;learn;heard-eara:heart*tear作为动词时，发?7.-eieieight;weigh;weight-eiaiheight-eii:receive8.-ey重
10、读eithey;hey;survey-ey重读i:key-ey非重读imonkey;donkey;valley;volleyball*-et非重读itpocket;ticket;rocket9.-ew一般ju:new;few;knew-ew或者发u:grew;threw-ew还可以发?usew10.-egeid?college11.-estistbiggest;modest;happiest;12.词尾的-ed在浊音后dlived;studied-ed在清音后tworked;finished-ed在字母t或d后idwanted;needed（三）元音字母i或y的组合1.-ie在重读音节中，或在
11、辅音字母前，发i:field;piece;achieve-ie在词尾ailie;die;tie2.-igh(t)在重读音节ai(t)high;night;light;bright3.-ir在重读音节?:girl;firm;circle;first;third4.-ire在重读音节ai?fire;tired;hire;retired;wire5.-ildaildchild;wild6.-indaindfind;kind;mind;wind;(*但windowind)7.-ingi?king;wing;sing;doing;making8.-(a)tion(ei)?nnation;pronunci
12、ation;information；composition-stiont?nquestion-sion?n或?nmission使命;precision精密9.-ye在词尾aigood-bye;bye-bye10.-ististlist;fist;(四)元音字母o的组合1.-oa在重音时?uboat;coat;road;goat;toad-oar在重音时?:blackboard;aboard2.-oi，-oy在重音时?iboiler;point;join;oilboy;toy;joy;loyal3.-oo一般u:soon;too;zoo;room;noon;food;mood;boot;moon
13、*单词room和其他名词构成合成词时，常发短音。如classroomu等等。在字母k或有时在t，d之前时ucook;look;book;took;foot;good；4.-or在重音时?:for;horse;important;morning;born-or在字母w后面?:work;word;world;worse;worth(*但是wore,worn例外，均发?:)-or在非重音时?monitor;doctor;professor;forget;forwards;forgive;conductor5.-oar一般?:board;aboard;blackboard6.-oor一般?:或在美式英
14、语里发?door;floor-oor还发u?poor7.-ore在重音时?:snore;more;before;foreign;forest8.-ou一般aushout;loud;round;found-ou还发?country;countryside；trouble-ou还发u:wound;wounded9.-ough(t)发?:(t)ought;brought;bought;fought;thought(*例外：coughk?f)10.-oe?utoe;hoe;Joe11.-old?uldold;hold;cold;told12.-ost?ustpost;most;host;ghost(*
15、例外cost?st)13.-our在重音时ausour;our;hour;还发?:four;course;pour还发u?tour;gourd-our在词尾(非重音)?colour;neighbour;favourite14.-ow在重音时aunow;cow;down;how;town-ow在重音或非重音中?ulow;yellow;below;follow;growtomorrow;window;widow;know;show（五）元音字母u的组合1.-u在字母ll或sh之前，或者在字母b,p或f之后，均发u如：full;bull;pull;push;bush字母l,r或j+u构成的开音节，u
16、发u:rule;true;blue;June2.-ue在词尾ju:argue;continue3.-ui在字母j或r后面时，发u:fruit;juice-ui在字母b或g后面，或者紧接重音节后面的一个音节时发i如：build;guilty;biscuit(*即就是说字母u不发音)4.-ur在重音时?:turn;return;Thursday;nurse;purse在非重音时?surprise;Saturday-ure在重音时(j)u?pureju?;manureju?;sureu?-ture发t?picture;future;mixture(II)辅音字母及辅音字母组合的拼读规则辅音字母一般都
17、发字母本身音,只有一些是特殊的,下面试列举如下:1.b在一般情况下bback；big;lab;brotherb和u在一起，u常发ibuilding；build；busy-bt一般tdebt;doubt2.c在字母e,i或y前面时scity;Bruce;juice;bicycle；face;centralc在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前kcup;cold;cattle;duck;bicycle;cap;cut;class;c在词尾时也发k，但后面有e，那还发sgymnastick;musickgraces;Bruces-cc在元音字母a,o,u和辅音字母之前koccasion;accordi
18、ng;occupy;acclaim在元音字母e和i之前ksaccent;success-ci有时发?social-ch有三种音t?k或?如下：t?China;rich;chick;chalkkschool;chemist;chemistry;chemical;ache;technology?machine;parachute;moustache-tcht?catch;match;fetch;hatch;butcher-ckkduck;luck;ticket;pocket;black;cock3.d在一般情况下ddid;made;desk;duck;doubt;damage-ds发dzbirds
19、;handsdr在元音字母前drdry;dress;driver;drill-dge一般d?bridge;fridge;judge;edge4.f在一般情况下ffive;flag;life;leaf5.g在字母e,i或y前面d?large;general;gymnastics;age;energy*例外：give;forgive;get;forget等,g都发g在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前ggoat;game;guard;ghost;glass在词尾也发gbig;egg;fig;flag-gnn，即g不发音foreign;sign;gnaw-gh发f或-(*既不发音)-high;thou
20、ght;light;broughtflaugh;cough-dge发d?bridge;knowledge;judge*gue-,gua-和gui-在词首时一般u都不发音guess;guest;guard;guide而-gue在词尾发gleague;colleague6.h在一般情况下hhelp;behave;hello;hit;hurryh在字母r或x后面不发音rhino;exhibition7.j在一般情况下d?joy;judge;injure;journey;January;jar;just8.k在一般情况下kking;milk;kick;kiss;lock;knockk后面是n时，k不发
21、音,即kn发nknock;knee;know;knowledge;knife9.l在元音字母前发l(*即“勒”音，供参考)light；look;let;lab;livel在辅音字母或词尾时发l(*即“尔”音，供参考)cold；sell;chalk10.m在一般情况下mmeet;meat;mother;come;make;Tomm后面是b时,b不发音,即-mb发mcomb;tomb;climb;bomber11.n在一般情况下nin;now;next;ton;nestn在m后面时，n常不发音,即-mn发mautumn;column但后面有后缀或构成合成词，则n还要发音的autumnal;colu
22、mnist-ng常发?或?g发?sing;king;English;young发?gfinger；younger;language-nk常发?kbank;sink;sank;sunk;ink;thank12.p在一般情况下pmap;cap;people;pest-phfphoto;phantom;philosophy;physics;phrase13.que在一般情况下kunique;chequequ一般发kwquarter;quick;quilt;quiet;quite;queen14.r在元音字母前才发音r(*即音同“略”供参考)room；read;rest;aroundr在辅音字母或词尾
23、前，一般不发音car;star;jarrh在元音字母前只发rrhyme;rhino;rhetoric15.s在词首和词尾、清辅音之前或之后,或者在词尾同时在短元音之后，一般发s如：see;some;set;sister;works;lips;newspaper;yes;this注：一条发音习惯，欧美人在发s音后面的清辅音时，习惯上把该清辅音发成相对应的浊辅音（而书写音标的时候，还是写成清辅音），试举例如下：如：school-音标sku:l，而习惯念成sgu:lstreet-音标stri:t,而习惯念成sdri:tstubborn-音标st?bn,而习惯念成sd?bnstudent-音标stju
24、:d?nt,而习惯念成sdju:d?ntspace-音标speis,而习惯念成sbeissteal-音标sti:l,而习惯念成sdi:l就是这样，像这样的单词还有很多。这里只列举这么多了。s在两个元音之间或者在浊辅音和元音之间时，发z如：these;nose;lose;rise;wisdom;observe词尾的s在浊辅音或元音之后（即在浊音之后），发z如：pigs;plays;flags;eggs;toys;boys词尾的s在长元音之后，发zhers;yourss还可以发?sure;Russia-sh一般发?sheep;ship;wish;show;shift;fish-sch一般情况下sk
25、school;scheme(计划)-sion一般情况下?ntension;succession在元音字母后?ndecision;conclusion-sure在元音字母后?measure;pleasure16.t在一般情况下ttooth；cat;teach;tool;hitcut;let;ten;table;taste;-th一般发或e,即发thin;tooth;youth;think;thigh发ethat;with;this;these;those-trtrtry;trust;trip;trouble;tree;street-tion?ninformation;organization;p
26、ronunciation;production(*一个例外：questiont?n)-turet?picture;mixture;future17.v在一般情况下vvery;live;vehicle;vase;valley;village18.w在元音字母之前wwear;window;widow;week;weak;wisdomwrrwrite;wrong;wrist;writtenwhhwho;whom;whose;wholewhwwhat;which;when;where;whyaw?:draw;saw;law;lawyer;awfulewju:few;threw;grew;knew;newow?uown;owner;low;slow;know;belowowaunow;cow;crown19.x在一般情况下ksbox;fox;next;textile位于元音字母之前且重音落在后一个音节上时，发gzexam;exist;anxiety20.y在元音字母之前jyou;youth;yes;young21.z在一般情况下zzoo;quiz;zebra;zero;zipper
