1、届人教版必修二一轮复习Unit2The Olympic games单元学案设计22页2018届人教版必修一轮复习：Unit2The Olympic games单元学案设计单元话题阅读Ancient Olympic Games According to historic records, the first ancient Olympic Games can be traced back to 776 BC. They were dedicated to the Olympian Godsand were staged on the ancient plains of Olympia, famo
2、us for its magnificent temples of the gods Zeus and Hera. They initially had a religious character and combined a number of ancient sporting events, many of which were based on ancient Greek myths.The ancient Games actually occupied an important position in the life ofour ancestors. An Olympiad was
3、a time unit, measuring thefour-year interval between two Games. Participants came to compete from every corner of the Greek world aiming at the ultimate prize: an olive wreath and a heroic return to their city-states. But apart from the glorious victory, it was the Olympic values themselves which ac
4、corded special meaning to the Games: noble competition and the effort to combine body, will, and mind in a balanced whole.As the Games developed, so did a set of procedures such as a standardised schedule of events and the practice of theOlympic Truce. They continued for nearly 12 centuries, until E
5、mperor Theodosius decreed, in 393 AD, that all such pagan cults be banned. He asserted that the Games placed an excessive public focus on athletic and spiritual affairs and abolished them.Greek Olympic GamesThe temple of Hera in Olympia, Elis, GreeceOnce every four years, men from all over Greece ca
6、me to compete in a great athletic festival in Elis, in western Greece (Women were not allowed to compete). This was called the Olympic games because the place was called Olympia. It was a religious festival to honor the Greek gods Zeus and Hera. We dont know when men first began celebrating the Olym
7、pic Games, but they were certainly already doing it in the time of Homer, by 776 BC. And they were celebrated from then on, every four years without fail, until people converted to Christianity and the Roman Emperor Theodosius banned the games in 393 AD. Thats more than a thousand years! The games w
8、ere so regular that people used them to date by. They would say, I was born in the second year of the twenty-fourth Olympiad (starting from 776 BC). Can you figure out what year that would be in our reckoning?When it was time for the games, the rulers of Elis sent out messengers all over Greece and
9、to the Greek colonies around the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. They declared a truce throughout the Greek world for a month. No matter who you had a war with, you had to stop the war and let their athletes and performers go through your city-state safely to get to the Olympic Games. Each city-sta
10、te paid for a few athletes from their city to travel to Elis. But if you had ever been a slave, or if you had ever done anything against the gods, then you couldnt be in the Olympics. And, the men had to swear that they had already trained for at least ten months. This meant that only men who were p
11、retty rich could be in the Games, so they could afford to take so long off work, and also pay a trainer.An Olympic Story: Phidippides and the Origins of the MarathonThe cities of Greece were at war with Persia and in the year 490 B.C. Greece was not a single country at that time, but rather a collec
12、tion of sometimes-hostile city-states. City-states include a main city and the area surrounding that city. The Persian Army had already captured a number of Greek islands and continued its expansion. Hoping to take Athens, the Persian Army landed a large force on the plains of Marathon, just outside
13、 the city, where they prepared their attack. The Athenian Army was greatly outnumbered and they knew that they would be unable to survive the Persian attack without help. In desperation, the great messenger Phidippides was sent to the city of Sparta to ask for help. He is said to have travelled the
14、250-kilometre course in only 36 hours. Sparta agreed to help, but they would be unable to arrive in time to save the Athenians because the Spartans were observing a religious festival. They would arrive long after the battle had been fought. Phidippides ran back, another 250-kilometres, to inform th
15、e Athenian generals of the news. The desperate Athenians, who were outnumbered four to one, organized a surprise attack on the Persian formations, and managed against all odds to defeat them and drive away their enemies. As the legend goes, Phidippides then ran more than 40 kilometres back to Athens
16、 to bring news of their victory, and died a short while later from exhaustion. It is after Phidippides?final run, from Marathon to Athens, that the 41.3 kilometre Marathon race is named. PhidippidesThe Marathon course of the 2004 Athens Paralympic Games followed the same route that Phidippides is sa
17、id to have taken in ancient times, and this same course was taken by runners in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896.单元基础词汇知识回顾completea. 彻底的,完整的,已完成的v. 完成,使完整1. I will complete this task soon. 我很快就要完成这项任务了。 2. When will the work be complete? 这项工作什么时候完成？ 3. He is a complete scholar. 他是个无懈可击的学者。 4.
18、 I only need one volume to complete my set of Dickenss novels. 我那套狄更斯小说只差一卷就能配齐了。5. When will the railway be completed? 铁路何时竣工? 6. Complete your application in ink. 用钢笔填申请表。7. A few words of praise from her would have completed his happiness. 她要是能夸他两句, 他也就心满意足了。8. When will the building work be comp
19、lete? 建筑工作何时完成? take part in参加1. He will take part in a chess tournament next week. 下星期，他将要参加一场国际象棋比赛。 2. We are all invited to take part in the pageant. 我们全都被邀请参加这次盛典。 3. The panel was chosen to take part in discussion. 那个专门小组被选中参加讨论。 4. She would sooner resign than take part in such dishonest busi
20、ness deals. 她宁可辞职也不愿参与这种不正当的买卖。5. He mustered all his courage to take part in the game. 他鼓起全部的勇气参加比赛。 6. Lets take part in the triumphal chorus. 让我们去参加凯歌大合唱吧。 7. In early days only male athletes were allowed to take part in the Olympic Games. 在奥林匹克运动会早期, 只有男性运动员才能参加比赛。 8. We all had to take part in
21、the training run, with nobody excepted. 我们大家都得参加跑步训练, 无人例外。stand for代表1. What does “ESL”stand for? “ESL”代表什么? 2. She also learned a kind of alphabet for the blind, in which different finger positions stand for different letters of the alphabet. 她还学了一种盲人用的手语字母，即用手指的不同位置代表字母表上不同的字母。 3. I wont stand fo
22、r his insults any longer. 我再不能容忍他的污辱了。 4. I wont stand for this insolence. 我决不容忍这种傲慢无礼的行为。admitv. 允许进入,承认1. He was admitted to the hospital suffering from burns. 他由于烧伤，被送入医院治疗。 2. This sentence admits of several interpretations. 这个句子可以有多种解释。 3. I must admit, its more difficult than I thought it woul
23、d be. 我必须承认，这比我想象的要困难得多。 4. His conduct admits of no excuse. 他的行为无可宽恕。 5. He admitted having stolen the car. 他招认偷了那辆汽车。6. The theatre admits only 250 people. 这家戏院只能容纳250人。7. The school admits sixty new boys and girls every year. 这所学校每年招收六十名男女新生。8. I admit my mistake/that I was wrong. 我承认是我的错我错了。as w
24、ell as (除.之外)也,既.又conj. 以及,又1. The tournament is open to amateurs as well as professionals. 这次比赛不仅职业运动员可以参加，而且业余运动员也可以参加。2. Nursing is a vocation as well as a profession. 护理工作既是职业又是救死扶伤的责任。3. She takes private pupils as well as teaching in school. 她除在学校任教外, 也私自教授学生。4. Im learning French as well as E
25、nglish. 我学英语之外还学法语。5. A teacher should entertain as well as teach. 教师不仅要教书，也要激起学生的兴趣。6. He grows flowers as well as vegetables. 他既种菜也种花。7. Do you burn coal as well as wood on this fire? 你是不是用煤也用木头 生这炉火?8. You must deposit 500 as well as the first months rent. 你必须付500英镑押金及第一个月的租赁费。词义辨析 as well as，as
26、well作为习语用作介词时，as well as的涵义是“还有”、“不但而且”。值得注意的是，在A as well as B的结构里，语意的重点在 A，不在 B。因此，“He can speak Spanish as well as English”的译文应该是：“他不但会说英语，而且会讲西班牙语”，决不能译作：“他不但会说西班牙语，而且会讲英语”。如果这样翻译，就是本末倒置了。as well as和 not only but also同义，但前者的语意重点和后者的语意重点恰好颠倒。如果 as well as用作连词引出比较从句，其义为“和一样好”。因此，“He speaks Spanish
27、as well as English”应译作：“他说西班牙语像说英语一样好”。语意的重点依旧在前部，不在后半部。请注意 as well as以下的用法：She called on you as well as I不但我来看你，她也拜访了你。She called on you as well as me她不但拜访了我，也拜访了你。在下列句中，as well as表示“像一样”的涵义：She as well as you is an English teacher她像你一样也是英文教师。这里的谓语动词用is，不用are，因为句中的主语是she，不是she和you。As well是副词短语，其义为“
28、也”，相当于too，它一般放在句末，有时和连词and或but搭配使用。例：He is a worker，and a poet as well他是工人，但也是诗人。China possesses enormous quantities of coal and is rich in other minerals as well中国拥有大量煤炭，其他的矿藏也很丰富。MrLiu can speak English，but he can speak Cantonese as well刘先生会说英语，但他也能讲广东话。hostn. 主机,主人,主持人,东道主.v.主持,做东.1. At the end o
29、f the party, we thanked our host and went away. 宴会结束时，我们谢了主人后便回家去了。 2. Which country will be the host country for the next Olympic Games? 哪个国家将是下届奥运会的主办国？ 3. Mr and Mrs Hill are such good hosts. 希尔先生和夫人招待客人真周到。4. The college is (playing) host to a group of visiting Russian scientists. 这所学院接待了一批来访的俄国
30、科学家。5. He has hosts of friends. 他有很多朋友。6. I was away so my son acted as host. 我那时不在家, 所以由我的儿子招待客人。7. Which country is hosting the Games this year? 今年的运动会由哪国主办? 8. Your host on tonights show is Max Astor. 今晚表演节目的主持人是马克斯阿斯特。replace v. 取代1. He replaced the book in the shelf. 他把书放回到书架上。2. Weve replaced
31、the old adding machine with a computer. 我们用电脑取代了老式的加法计算器。3. Robots are replacing people on assembly lines. 机器人逐渐代替了装配线上的工人。4. Can anything replace a mothers love? 有什么东西能代替母爱吗?5. He is inefficient and must be replaced. 他不称职, 必须撤换。6. His deputy replaced him as leader. 他的副手接替他当了领导。charge n. 电荷,指控,费用v.
32、控诉,加罪于,要价,赊帐,充电,管理1. As long as youve paid in advance we wont charge you for delivery. 只要你预先付款，我们就不收你送货费。 2. He became his uncles charge after his parents died. 他在父母去世後，由叔父抚养。 3. He was charged with murder. 他被控犯谋杀罪。4. I charge you not to forget what I have said. 你千万别忘记我的话。5. He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away. 经理不在时, 他负责这个商店。6. The department was badly or
