1、英语语言学考试十套题 英语语言学试题（1） 11、Chomsky defines competence as the ideal users k of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b . 13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are fo
2、rmed. 14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to somethings
3、being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c . 18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+ishes), Black English can d the form of e. 19、The basic essentials of the
4、first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition. 20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, a
5、nd learning and communicative strategies of the learner. I ()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons. ()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. ()23、The comp
6、ound word ookstore is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components. ()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only. - 1 - ()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialec
7、ts such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English. ()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatur
8、es arise. ()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European. ()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains. ()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf
9、 hypothesis, speakers perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life. ()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language. 二 11.A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w_ to form a complete statement,q_or command. 12.In s
10、ociolinguistic studies,speakers are treated as members of s_g_. 13.Utterance is based on _ _ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication,or simply in a context. 14.To many people,a linguist is the same as a _,one who can speak several languages f
11、luently. 15.Consonant sounds can be either v _or v_,while all vowel sounds are v_. 16.All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( ) 17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( ) - 2 - ) 18.Linguistics is the course of language.( 19.The part of a sentence w
12、hich compriese comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called ) predicate.( ) 20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.( 21.The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct ) form of language
13、.( ) ( 22.Morphology is translated as 形态学。 ) 23.The word “photographically” is made up of 4 morphemes.( ) 24.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.( ) 25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.( 30.naming theory and conceptualist view 31.maxims of quality and manner 32.blending 33
14、.sociolect 34.subvocal speech 35.contrastive analysis 英语语言学试题（3） 11.Language exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language at some point of time is called a _s_ study of language. 12.An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming up from the
15、lungs meets with any _o_ when a sound is produced. 13.The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves, but must be combined with other morphemes to form words are called _b_ morphemes. 14.XP may contain more than just X.For example,the NP he boy who likes his puppy consists of Det,N and S,with Det b
16、eing the _s_,N the head and S the complement. - 3 - 15.According to Searles classification of illocutionary acts, o suggest that someone should see the doctor should fall into the category of _d_. 16.Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items.The word that
17、is more general in meaning is called _s_. 17.Vowels can be nasalized.The vowel nasalization rule is an _a_ rule,which,for the most part, is caused by articulatory or physiological process in which successive sounds are made identical, or more similar, to one another. 18.One mark of an informal style
18、 is the frequent occurrence of _s_ words and expressions, which make sense only to the people of particular social groups and serve as a mark of membership and solidarity within a given social group. 19.The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called _h_, one on the right and one on
19、 the left. 20.Linguists often use the term native language or mother tongue instead of first language, and _t_ language instead of second language in second language acquisition literature. 21.( )Human capacity for language has a genetic basis,i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire languag
20、e and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted. 22.( )A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology is more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning. 23.( )Only words of the same pa
21、rts of speech can be combined to form compounds. 24.( )Sentences are not formed by randomly combining lexical items, but by following a set of syntactic rules that arrange linguistic elements in a particular order. 25.( )The same semantic feature occurs in one part of speech only. For example, emale
22、 occurs only in nouns such as mother, woman girl igress and so on but not in other parts of speech. 26.( )According to Searles classification of illocutionary acts, inviting, ordering, advising, promising and apologizing all fall into the category of directives. 27.( )New words may be formed from ex
23、isting words by subtracting an affix thought to be part of the old word; that is, ignorance sometimes can be creative. Thus peddle was derived from peddler on the mistaken - 4 - assumption that the -er was the agentive suffix. )Women in Western countries at least appear to be more status-conscious a
24、nd sensitive to the social 28.( significance of certain linguistic variables. )The case of Genie confirms that the language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical 29.( period and consequently, most linguistic skills cannot develop. )Conscious knowledge of linguistic rules does en
25、sure acquisition of the rules and therefore an immediate 30.( guidance for actual performance. 英语语言学试题（5） 11. The description of a language at some point in time is a s_ study. 12. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively k
26、nown as i_. 13. According to its position in the new word, a_ are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes. 14. P_ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings. 15. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s_ restrictions. 16.
27、 The u_ meaning of the sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered. 17. Some important missions of historical linguists are to identify and classify families of related languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p_, the original form of a language family that has cea
28、sed to exist. 18. R_ are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations. 19. Learners will subconsciously use their L1 knowledge in learning a second language. This is known as language t_. 20. A related issue with integrative motivation has been the extent to which learners
29、differ in the process of adapting to the new culture of the L2 community. This adaptation process is called a _. - 5 - ) 21. Modern linguistics is mainly diachronic. ( thus 22. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme,) making the two phon
30、es similar. ( always being the sum total of the meanings of the meaning of a compound is often idiomatic, 23. Semantically, ) its components. ( whose operation may 24. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called transformational rules, ) change the syntactic representation of a sentence. ( ) 25. Componential analysis is a way proposed by the generative semanticists to analyze meaning. ( 26. Linguists found that it would be possible to give an adequate description of meaning even if the context of ) language use was left uncons
