1、拓展训练14 体育活动类解析版高考英语一轮复习能力拓展之概要写作2021年高考英语能力拓展之概要写作14体育活动类1.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。These days, football is one of the most popular sports in the world. Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world! The h
2、istory of the game goes back over two thousand years to Ancient China. It was then known as cuju(kick ball), a game using a ball of animal skins with hair inside. Goals were hung in the air. Football as we know it today started in Great Britain, where the game was given new rules. That football is s
3、uch a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. It is also a game that is very cheap to play. You dont need expensive equipment; even the ball doesnt have to cost much money. All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts content with a ball made of plastic bags; just
4、like Pele did when he was a boy. Another factor behind footballs global popularity is the creativity and excitement on the field. It is fun enough to attract millions of people. You do not have to be a fan to recognize the skill of professional player-how they use their bodies to pass, score and def
5、end can be amazing to see-or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist. Whats more, football has become one of the best ways for people to communicate: it does not require words, but everyone understands it. It breaks down walls and brings people together on and off the field.
6、Take, for example, the famous football game on Christmas Day 1914. World War I had broken out months before, but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together-one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict. “Some people believe football is a matter of life an
7、d death, . “said Bill Shankly, the famous footballer and manager. “I can assure you it is much, much more important than that.” This might sound funny, but one only has to think about the Earth to realize that our planet is shaped like a football._【答案】Football enjoys universal popularity with a hist
8、ory tracing back to Ancient China and its modern rules originating from Great Britain. (要点1)Such popularity lies first in the simplicity and low cost of playing the game. (要点2)Creative football skills and exciting game atmosphere also contribute to its popularity. (要点3)Furthermore, football is a mea
9、ns of communication beyond words, powerful enough to dissolve barriers and promote peace. (要点4) Accordingly, football is more than just a sport. (要点5)(71 words)【解析】【分析】这是一篇概要写作。【详解】写作步骤1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要说明了足球的历史可以追溯到古代中国，它的现代规则起源于英国。这种流行首先在于游戏的简单和低成本。创造性的足球技巧和激动人心的比赛气氛也有助于它的流行。此外，足球是一种超越语言
10、的交流手段，它足以消除障碍，促进和平。因此，足球不仅仅是一项运动。2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每
11、两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。2.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。What I think of boxing as a sportBoxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequent
12、ly cover boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are treated as big heroes.It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it appealing because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can identify with the winning boxer, and this g
13、ives them the feeling of being a winner themselves. Sometimes fans are rooting for a particular boxer, moreover because the boxer comes from their own country, and if“their”boxer loses, they often feel as if they have lost a fight themselves. It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression
14、from time to time, but they cannot show their aggression in their everyday lives. Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression.However , there is a negative side to boxing. It can be a very dangerous sport. Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur boxing even ha
15、ve to wear helmets, there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing, sometimes with dramatic consequences. Boxers have suffered from head injuries, and occasionally, fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring. For example, studies have sho
16、wn that there are often long-term effects of boxing, in the form of serious brain damage, even if a boxer has never been knocked out.To conclude, I am personally not at all in favour of aggressive sports like boxing. I think it would be better if less time was given to aggressive sports on TV, and w
17、e celebrated more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society. I believe that the world is aggressive enough already! Of course, people like competitive sports , and so do I, but I think that hitting other people in an aggressive way is not something that shoul
18、d be regarded as a sport._【答案】Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by.(要点一) Some people, especially men, find it appealing because of its aggression . (要点二) However ,the negative side of boxing is its potential danger , (要点三) I am personally not at all in favour of aggres
19、sive sports like boxing. (要点四)【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者对于拳击的看法。【详解】文章总体结构为总分总结构。分析可知每段段首句为该段中心主旨句，因此可知：第一段提出话题中心：Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by.第二段进行分论点一描述：It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it appealing because it is an aggressive sport.第三段进行分
20、论点二描述：However , there is a negative side to boxing. It can be a very dangerous sport.第四段总结个人观点：To conclude, I am personally not at all in favour of aggressive sports like boxing.针对中心主旨句分别进行要点总结归纳。【点睛】高分句型1Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. 拳击是一项流行的运动，许多人似乎被迷住了。此句中th
21、at many people seem to be fascinated by为定语从句，修饰先行词sport。且运用了短语be fascinated by “被所迷住”。3.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。Physical exercise is very important for our bodies in order for us to stay healthy. The food we eat turns into our bodys source of energy. When we exercise, the energy we get from food
22、allows our heart to send blood to our muscles. Exercise makes our heart and muscles stronger and it can also refresh our mind. If you exercise regularly, we will feel better and have a more pleasant view on life.Some western countries, such as the United States, have problems with the lack of exerci
23、se done in their society. In the US, many people dont exercise because it is hard for them to find the time. Most people work from dawn until dusk, and by the time they get home from work they are too tired to go to the gym. While they are at work, they do not get much exercise sitting at their desk
24、 passively.Some Westerners can get exercise from walking to work. However, the majority of people cannot do this because they live too far from their work, so they have no choice but to drive or take._【答案】Physical exercise is of importance for us. By exercising regularly, we will feel better and hav
25、e a more delighting view of life.(要点1) Some western countries, such as America, have problems with the lack of exercise done in their society. Their busy work and working style make them have no time to exercise.(要点2) Because of living too far from their work, they cant get exercise from walking to
26、work.(要点3)(68字)【解析】【分析】文章的主要结构为总-分。主要讲体育锻炼对我们的身体很重要，但是一些西方国家，如美国，在他们的社会中存在缺乏锻炼的问题，大多数西方人住得离工作地点太远，所以他们别无选择，只能开车或乘车。符合概要写作常规出题思路。【详解】第一段讲述体育锻炼对我们的身体很重要，运动能让人将感觉更好和拥有更愉快的人生观。可以用到的词汇或句型有：physical exercise, important, feel better, a more pleasant view on life等。第二段讲述一些西方国家，如美国，在他们的社会中由于工作繁忙和工作方式让人们缺乏锻炼的时
27、间。可以用到的词汇或句式有：Western countries, lack of exercise等。第三段主要讲大多数西方人住得离工作地点太远，无法通过步行上班来锻炼身体。可以用到的词汇或句式有：walk to work, live too far from their work等。【点睛】【高分句型1】Physical exercise is of vital significance for us, which can make us feel better and have a more delighting view of life.体育锻炼对我们来说是至关重要的，它可以使我们感觉更
28、好，有一个更愉快的人生观。which引导非限定性定语从句。【高分句型2】Because they live too far away from their work place, they cant walk to work to get exercise.由于住得离工作地点太远，他们不能通过步行上班来锻炼身体。Because引导原因状语从句。4.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Every year, and more parents complain to their childrens schools about PE. They believe that their
29、children shouldnt have to participate in physical activity if they dont want to. Supporters of PE, however, believe that it is a necessary element of all-round schooling and our societys well-being. They insist PE in schools remains one of the few places by which the youth can be forced to participate in aer
