1、拓展训练17 自然与生态1解析版高考英语一轮复习能力拓展之概要写作2021年高考英语能力拓展之概要写作17自然与生态11.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Bees are important to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate (授粉)large areas of crops, such as straw berries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pol
2、lination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.In 2010, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive(蜂巢). In October of 2010, some beekeepers reported that th
3、ey had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeepers get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollina
4、te plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stre
5、ss. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the eco
6、nomy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be
7、 the less of that tiny flying insect._【答案】Bees, playing a significant part in producing our food, are now suffering a sharp decline in number. (要点1)And reports of the loss started in 2010, for which the most persuasive theory lies in the stressful lifestyle of being transported to pollinate plants a
8、nd feeding on polluted corns.(要点2) Sadly, the loss of such tiny creatures will be disastrous to our economy. (要点3)(60 words)【解析】【分析】这是一篇概要写作。文章主要讲述了蜜蜂了数量减少的原因，及给经济带来的影响。【详解】通读全文，可从以下三个方面进行总结：对植物授粉至关重要的蜜蜂的数量正在减少；蜜蜂数量减少的两个重要原因：被四处运送进行授粉，以生产跟多的蜂蜜，给蜜蜂造成了压力，另外赖以生存的食物被杀虫剂污染；蜜蜂数量的减少会对经济带来巨大影响。2.阅读下面短文，根据其内
9、容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。.Where are the bees?Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate large areas of crops, such as straw berries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disa
10、ppearing at an alarming rate.In 2006, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.There w
11、ere many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeeper get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now co
12、nsists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up
13、 on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion
14、a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the less of that tiny flying insect._【答案】Bees not only provi
15、de us with honey, but also help pollinate crops. However, they are disappearing at an alarming rate for unknow reason, which will be disastrous to us and economy. Some people think it is the pesticide while others think it is due to transport.【解析】【分析】本文属于环保文章，介绍蜜蜂正以惊人的速度消失，这可能和运输、农作物使用杀虫剂以及环境有关，但是没人
16、知道确切原因。要求考生阅读完总结论点，不能超过60个词。【详解】第一步，归纳各个段落的段落大意，第一段讲述蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，第二段讲述蜜蜂出现这种状况的情形，第三段讲述可能造成此现象的原因；第四段讲述这种现象对我们和经济的影响。第二步，可以择出重要的信息，蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，可能造成此现象的原因，以及影响。第三步，得出答案，注意过渡与衔接，字数控制在60字以内。【点睛】概要写作做题技巧。概要写作不是对段落大意的简单堆积，需要学生读懂文章的大概意思和文章结构，还需要一定写作替换技巧，且注意语言的简洁性。第一步，确定文章的话题和各段的段落大意，比如本文
17、话题为蜜蜂的消失，第一段讲述蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，第二段讲述蜜蜂出现这种状况的情形，第三段讲述可能造成此现象的原因；第四段讲述这种现象对我们和经济的影响；第二步，分析各个段落的逻辑关系，确定主观点和次要观点；第三步，注意一定的写作技巧，比如同义词、近义词的替换，句型和结构的转换；第四步，检查单词拼写，语法规则，字数问题等。3.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。You might think that whether you choose a blue shirt or a yellow one to wear to work or college make
18、s no difference to your day and those around you. However, an increasing number of experts argue that the colors we choose affect our mood, our career prospects (前景) and even our health.The power of color has been used for centuries and we should be making the most of it in our lives. Color affects
19、us to a greater degree than most of us realize. It is used increasingly by psychologists and therapists for influencing mood and state of mind, and for various types of treatments when we are ill. Some people ever believe that the blind can benefit from, the “vibrations” (震动) that color gives off.Co
20、mpanies use color to great effect to encourage us to buy their product. For example, purple is seen as creative and mixes well with red, to show that a company has ideas and the power to make them happen. Orange and blue are also recommended colors for companies to use, because orange is the color o
21、f communication and blue suggests safety and security. So this could be a particularly good combination. Companies have found certain colors speak to specific age groups. They often use red to attract younger people to their products, for example, as it is vibrant and more youthful than colors like
22、gold and navy, which older customers seem to prefer.Wearing different colors can affect how you feel and how others react to you, so it is important to consider this when deciding what to wear in the morning. If you want people to take you seriously, then wearing navy blue or black is good. Blue wou
23、ld also be helpful for an interview or oral examination because it relaxes you and makes you feel calm. Red gets you noticed by everyone and makes you, the wearer, feel energetic, but be careful, as it can raise your pulse rate and not everyone wants this effect.So think carefully before you leave t
24、he house. The colors you choose are a wonderful tool. Are you making the right impressionon yourself and on others?_【答案】Some experts claim that the colors chosen by us affect our mood, career and health(要点1). In fact, the effect of color is greater than expected and it is now used in medical treatme
25、nts(要点2). Also, companies apply colors to sales promotion to appeal to different age groups(要点3). As colors of clothes can affect feelings and others reactions to us, what we wear matters in making the right impression(要点4).(67字)【解析】【分析】文章的主要结构为总-分-总。主要讲文章主要说明了颜色在很多方面对我们的生活有很大的影响。几个世纪以来，人们已经认识到色彩的力量
26、，并将其应用于许多领域。例如，医学专业人员采用它的效果，在不同的场合选择合适的衣服颜色。符合概要写作常规出题思路。【详解】第一段讲述专家们认为我们选择的颜色会影响我们的心情、职业前景甚至健康。可以用到的词汇或句型有：chosen, affect, mood, career and health等。第二段讲述色彩对我们的影响比我们大多数人意识到的要大，它现在还用于医疗。可以用到的词汇或句式有：in fact, the effect of color, greater, expected, in medical treatments等。第三段主要讲公司用颜色来促销他们的产品。可以用到的词汇或句式有
27、：apply to, sales promotion, appeal to等。第四段和第五段讲了衣服的颜色会影响我们的感受和别人对我们的反应，所以我们穿什么对留下正确的印象很重要。可以用到的词汇或句式有：affect, feelings and others reactions to us, matters, making the impression等。【点睛】高分句型1Colors, whose power can be greater than expected, are believed to affect our mood, career and health. 颜色的力量比我们想象
28、的要大，它被认为会影响我们的情绪、事业和健康。运用whose引导的定语从句。高分句型2Deciding what to wear matters in making the right impressions, considering colors of clothes can affect peoples feelings. 考虑衣服的颜色可以影响人们的感觉，决定穿什么对留下正确的印象很重要。非谓语动词的运用。4.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Fishing is probably the worlds most popular sport. People spend many dollars each year on items like boats and four-wheel-drive vehicles. In addition, they spend money on fishing equipment, bait, fuel and boat repairs. And you can see that fishing can be an expe
