1、精品解析黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学学年度高三上学期第二次验收考试英语试题解析版哈三中20212022学年度高三学年第二次验收考试英语试卷第一部分：阅读理解第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AThe Best Books of 2020On Monday, the American Library Association announced the top childrens books of 2020. Here are the winners. DevotionAuthor Clare Vanderpool took home the John Ne
2、wbery Medal for outstanding contribution to childrens literature for Moon over Manifest. The book is about a young girls magical adventures in a small Kansas town, in 1936. Vanderpool said that she was shocked to learn that she had won. “You grow up reading legendary authors like Madeleine LEngle, b
3、ut I never expected to be put in a category with her,” Vanderpool told TFK. “Its fabulous.”Picture ThisThe picture book A Sick Day for Amos McGee won the Randolph Caldecott Medal. The book was illustrated by Erin E. Stead and written by her husband, Philip C. Stead. It tells the story of an elderly
4、zookeeper and the animals that visit him when hes not well enough to go to work. “I love drawing animals and I love drawing people and I love drawing the emotional connection between animals and people,” said Stead. More Honored BooksThe Coretta Scott King award, given to an African-American author
5、and illustrator of “outstanding books for children and young adults, went to Rita Williams-Garcia for One Crazy Summer. Set in 1968, the novel follows three sisters from Brooklyn, New York, who visit their mother, a poet who ran away years ago and lives in California. The king prize for best-illustr
6、ated work went to Dave the Potter. Artist, Poet, Slave. The book, which was written by Laban Carrick Hill and illustrated by Bryan Collier, tells the story of a skilled potter who engraved his poems on the clay pots and jars that he made. The enslaved potter, known only as Dave, lived in South Carol
7、ina in the 1800s.1. How did Vanderpool feel when she heard the news that she won the medal?A. Astonished. B. Disappointed.C. Embarrassed. D. Depressed.2. One Crazy Summer is a _.A. collection of poems B. comic bookC. fiction D. picture book3. Who illustrated the book Dave the Potter. Artist, Poet, S
8、lave?A. Bryan Collier. B. Erin E. Stead.C. Laban Carrick Hill. D. Madeleine LEngle.4. What can we infer from the passage?A. The book Moon over Manifest tells a story of a zookeeper and his animals.B. A Sick Day for Amos McGee shows us that animals can interact with humans.C. The book A Sick Day for
9、Amos McGee is written by Erin, a famous woman writer.D. One Crazy Summer is about a mother with her three children having a holiday in California.【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了美国2020年最畅销的儿童图书。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Devotion中的“Vanderpool said that she was shocked to learn that she had won.”（范德普尔
10、说，得知自己获奖时她很震惊。）由此可知，当范德普尔听到她获得奖牌的消息时，她很吃惊。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据More Honored Books中的“Set in 1968, the novel follows three sisters from Brooklyn, New York, who visit their mother, a poet who ran away years ago and lives in California.”（小说背景设置在1968年，讲述了来自纽约布鲁克林的三姐妹去看望她们的母亲的故事。母亲是一位诗人，多年前离家出走，现居加州。）由此可知，一
11、个疯狂的夏天是一本小说。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据More Honored Books中的“The book, which was written by Laban Carrick Hill and illustrated by Bryan Collie”（这本书由拉班卡里克希尔撰写，布莱恩科利绘制插画）由此可知，布莱恩科利为Dave the Potter. Artist, Poet, Slave绘制的插图。故选A项。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据Picture This中的“It tells the story of an elderly zookeeper and the ani
12、mals that visit him when hes not well enough to go to work.”（它讲述了一个年老的动物园管理员和动物的故事，当他身体不好不能去上班时，它们会去看望他。）由此可知，A Sick Day for Amos McGee向我们展示了动物可以与人类互动。故选B项。BReading minds may not be simple, but it might be possible actually. What if a brain scan could reveal your memories? A team of British scientis
13、ts recently just did thatthey used brain scans to look at spatial （空间的） memory in four people. Spatial memory is the kind of memory you use to remember where you are. You use spatial memory to remember how to get from your house to school. People build spatial memory as they explore a new city or a
14、new building and take in information about their surroundings. The scientists asked each participant to sit down at a computer and wander through 3D rooms. These virtual rooms contained images of objects, like clocks and doors, so that the people could know where they were. Each person was encourage
15、d to explore the virtual space. As the people became familiar with these rooms, their brains were taking notes of where things were, and how to get from one point to another. After observing these rooms, the participants were instructed to go to a specific location within the rooms. At this point, t
16、he scientists took pictures of the peoples brains using an instrument called FMRI （核磁共振成像） . As participants stared at the floor, the scientists took FMRI scans to measure brain activity. They repeated this process many times. After a few repetitions, the scientists recognized the patterns in the pa
17、rticipants brains. By looking at patterns on the brain scans, the scientists were able to read the spatial memory of the test subjects. This experiment shows that it is possible to use FMRI to gather some kinds of memories from people. However, your secret thoughts and personal memories are safefor
18、now. “It is not the case that we can put someone in a brain scanner and simply read his private thoughts,” said one of the scientists who worked on the project.5. What can we learn about spatial memory from the first paragraph?A. It contributes to exploring a new subject.B. It lets you remember what
19、 has been done.C. It helps you memorize places where you are.D. It takes in information about new knowledge.6. Which of the following is the right order of the study?a. The scientists took photos of the brains with the FMRI. b. The scientists read the spatial memory of the participants. c. The parti
20、cipants were asked to explore virtual rooms. d. The scientists repeated the process a few times.A. a, b, c, d B. c, a, d, bC. b, c, d, a D. c, d, a, b7. Why are our secret mind and private memories safe?A. Because FMRIs cant gather any memory from people.B. Because scientists cant understand all pic
21、tures taken by FMRIs.C. Because FMRIs cant be completely reliable now.D. Because scientists cant read peoples thoughts directly.8. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Spatial memory and FMRIs.B. A very important research.C. How scientists can read peoples memories.D. A new kind of cameraFMRIs
22、.【答案】5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们正在进行一个试验，该实验利用FMRI 来了解人们大脑里的空间记忆的内容。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Spatial memory is the kind of memory you use to remember where you are. ”（空间记忆是一种用来记住你所处位置的记忆）可知，空间记忆可以帮助你记住你所处的位置。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Each person was encouraged to explore the virtual space
23、.”可知，首先让参与者探索虚拟空间；根据第三段的“At this point, the scientists took pictures of the peoples brains using an instrument called FMRI ”可知，接着科学家们对他们的大脑进行了功能磁共振成像扫描；根据第四段的“They repeated this process many times.”可知，然后科学家把这个过程重复了很多次。根据第四段的“By looking at patterns on the brain scans, the scientists were able to read
24、 the spatial memory of the test subjects.”可知，最后科学家们阅读了参与者的空间记忆。故选B。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It is not the case that we can put someone in a brain scanner and simply read his private thoughts, said one of the scientists who worked on the project.”（参与该项目的一位科学家说:“我们不能对一个人进行脑部扫描，然后简单地读取他的私人想法。”）可知，因为科学家不能直接读
25、懂人的想法。故选D。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A team of British scientists recently just did thatthey used brain scans to look at spatial （空间的） memory in four people. ”（一组英国科学家最近刚刚做,他们使用脑部扫描看4人的空间记忆。）以及第四段“At this point, the scientists took pictures of the peoples brains using an instrument called FMRI （核磁共振成像） .”（
26、在这一点上,科学家们用一种叫做功能磁共振成像的仪器拍摄了这些人的大脑。）文章主要介绍了科学家们正在进行一个试验，该实验利用FMRI 来了解人们大脑里的空间记忆的内容。故选A。CGrasslands need time to rest when cattle and other animals feed on them. Moving animals from one area of pasture （牧场） to another can provide the time needed for new growth. This is called rotational grazing （循环放牧
27、）. Rotational grazing is good for the land and the animals, and it can save money. This form of grazing can reduce the need for pesticide （农药） treatments by reducing the growth of weeds. And it can limit the need for chemical fertilizers by letting natural fertilizer, animal droppings, do the job. R
28、otational grazing can even help prevent wildfires by keeping grasslands in good condition. Letting animals feed continually and intensively （集中地） in the same grazing areas can require costly replanting. Animals eat the most appropriate growth first. When that keeps happening, the roots do not have e
29、nough time to recover. As a result, less desirable plants may replace them. Intensively used grasslands are also harmed as the soil is continually crushed under the weight of heavy animals. And the animals usually avoid their own waste, so that reduces the amount of good grazing space even more. Whi
30、le rotational grazing can save money over time, it also requires planning. And that starts with a good map to mark fences, water supplies and grazing areas. Changing methods of grazing also requires time. Farmers may want to put up electric fences to enclose grazing areas, called paddocks. The paddo
31、cks will need water. Some farmers design a path for animals from different paddocks to drink from a common watering place. Farmers can start rotational grazing by removing animals from a pasture when the grass is eaten to less than five centimeters. The pasture is then kept empty until the grass gro
32、ws to more than fifteen centimeters high. Sheep and goats may require special preparations. They may need stronger fences than other animals. And while they eat the grass, they may need guard animals like camels to protect them from animals that would like to eat them.9. If you want to carry out rotational grazing, you must do many things EXCEPT _.A. reducing the amount of the animalsB. making a plan about the electricity and water supplyC. building fencesD. makin
