1、高中英语Module4WhichEnglishSectionGrammar复习状语和状语从句教学案Module 4 Which English Section Grammar-复习状语和状语从句语法图解探究发现It can sound very different from place to place.For example, within Londonthe most famous dialect is cockney.One woman was lying in bed, awake.A customer came up to the author holding a copy of t
2、he book and said Emma Chissit.The boy needs a pen to do his homework.Well start our project if the president agrees.Ill give you an answer immediately Ive finished reading the report.The head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort the moment he returned to his office.Poor as he wa
3、s, he was honest.我的发现(1)句为词语作状语，句为句子作状语。(2)为非谓语动词作状语。(3)句中的条件状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。(4)句用副词引导状语从句；句用名词性短语引导时间状语从句。(5)句中的状语从句使用了倒装语序。一、状语(一)概念修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分，叫作状语。用作状语的通常是副词、介词短语、不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。(二)不同形式的状语1副词(短语)作状语The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)The boy n
4、eeds a pen now./Nowthe boy needs a pen./The boy now needs a pen.男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)2介词短语作状语Before his mother Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前，汤姆总是个孩子。(地点状语)On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.星期天，教室里没有学生。(时间状语)3分词(短语)作状语He sits there, asking for a pen.他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)4动词不定式作状语We were gladto he
5、ar that ShenzhouX had been sent up into space successfully.听到神舟十一号成功发射的消息我们很高兴。(原因状语)5名词作状语Comethis way!走这条路！(方式状语)I will be back next Monday.我下周一回来。(时间状语)6形容词作状语Tired and hot, we had to stop to have a break.又累又热，我们只好停下来休息。(原因状语)(三)位置状语在句中的位置比较灵活。一般来讲，多数状语都放在句子的后面。修饰谓语动词的状语一般放在谓语的后面，若有宾语则放在宾语的后面。修饰整
6、个句子的状语则放在句子的最前面，并用逗号隔开。但有些副词作状语则放在实义动词之前，助动词、be动词或情态动词之后，如always, often, usually, never, ever等。She studies hardat school.她在学校努力学习。She studies Englishvery hardat school.她在学校学习英语很努力。Unfortunately, he missed the train.不幸的是他未赶上火车。He is always late for school.他总是上学迟到。即时演练1画出下列句子中的状语It sounds very differe
7、nt from_place_to_place.Full_of_hope,_the local people are working hard to_rebuild_their_hometown.Having_lived_abroad_for_twenty_years,_the old man returned to his hometown where he was brought up.I will stay another_five_months.Heated,_water changes into steam.In_spite_of_the_heavy_rain,_they arrive
8、d.Always look your homework through before_handing_it_in.二、状语从句(一)状语从句的概念及分类用来修饰谓语动词、其他动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫作状语从句。可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、比较等状语从句。(二)各种状语从句的具体用法1时间状语从句时间状语从句常由以下引导词引导：when; while; as; before; after; since; until; as soon as; no sooner .than .; hardly .when; the moment; every time; immediately等。Aw
9、hen, while, as引导的时间状语从句(1)when表示时间点时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示时间段时，用延续性动词。You had already gone when I arrived there.当我到达时，你已经走了。(when表示点时间)When I lived in the countryside,I used to carry some water for him.当时住在农村，我常常为他担水。(when表示段时间)(2)while表示“在期间”或“在某一段时间里”，它所引导的从句的动作是延续性的，并侧重表示和主句动作的同时发生。Sam went through a maga
10、zine while he waited.萨姆一边等着一边翻阅杂志。(3)as引导的时间状语从句as表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，一般与延续性动词连用。As I watched them, an idea struck me.我看着他们时，产生了一个想法。as表示“一边一边”，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。As the students walked to their dorms, they sang happily.学生们一边往宿舍走，一边快乐地唱着歌。as还可以说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，意为“随着”，表时间的推移。As time goes on, its getti
11、ng warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。Bsince引导的时间状语从句since表示从过去某一时间或动作、事情起到目前为止，意思是“自以来”。引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，since从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时。Weve been friends ever since we met at school.自从我们在学校认识之后，我们就一直是好朋友。Cbefore, after引导的时间状语从句(1)before表示在一段时间之前。after表示在一段时间之后。I had written my dissertation before
12、 my supervisor went abroad.在导师出国之前，我已完成了我的学位论文。I found your coat after you had left the house. 你离开房子之后，我发现了你的外衣。(2)before有时翻译成“才”，“不到就”，“趁就”，“还没(来得及)就”。It was quite a few years beforehe finally finished his novel.过了好几年他才完成他的小说。He ran offbefore I could stop him.我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。Dtill, until引导的时间状语从句(1
13、)如果主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，就常用肯定式表示“直到为止”；如果主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词，就常用否定表示“直到才”。He will remain in college until (till)he finishes his Ph. D course.他将留在学校里面直到完成他的博士学位课程。I didnt wake up until I heard the alarm clock. 直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。(2)当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。Not until he came backdid I leave.直到他回来我才走。名师点津until引导的
14、从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。在强调句型中一般只能用until，不用till。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她来。E表示“一就”的时间状语从句as soon as, once, immediately, instantly, directly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, no sooner .than, hardly . when, scarcely .when
15、等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生了，即“一就”。As soon aswe got home, the telephone rang.我们刚到家，电话就响了。He said hed turn on TV the moment he got home.他说他一回到家就打开电视机。名师点津hardly/scarcely .when, no sooner .than引导的从句中的动词用一般过去时，主句中的动词用过去完成时。当hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。I had hardly arrived at the theatre
16、when the performance began.我刚到剧场，节目就开始了。Fnext time, the first time, the last time, every time, by the time等引导的时间状语从句Do look me up the next time youre in London.你下次到伦敦，务必来找我。By the time we got there, the play had already begun.等我们到那里时，戏已经开始了。即时演练2(1)选词填空when, while, as, before, after, since, until, t
17、he momentThe_moment I heard the news, I rushed to the spot.When she came in, I was cooking dinner.While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.As time goes on, things are getting better and better.I didnt go to bed until my father came back.My father had left for Canada just before the
18、 letter arrived.After she had finished her dinner, Lucy began to read a novel.It is five days since he came here.(2)完成句子Not_until one of my classmates patted me on the shoulder did_I come to myself.直到我的同班同学拍了一下我的肩膀，我才回过神来。No sooner had_she_heard_the_news_than she fainted.她一听到这个消息，便昏了过去。It wont be lo
19、ng before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。2让步状语从句让步状语从句由although, though, while“虽然，尽管”，as, even if, even though“即使也”，however, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whether .or .“不管还是”，no matter how (who, what .)等引导。Although they lack official support, they continue their struggle.他
20、们虽然没有得到官方的支持，但仍然继续奋斗。Even ifyou fail, you will have gained experience.纵然失败，你也会得到一些经验。即时演练3完成句子(2016浙江高考改编)While/Although/Though_online_shopping_has_changed_our_life,_not all of its effects have been positive.虽然网购改变了我们的生活，但并不是它的所有影响都是正面的。However_hard_it_rained,_they went on hiking.不管雨下得多大他们仍继续徒步旅行。No
21、_matter_who_you_are,_you must obey the law.不管你是谁，都要守法。Whether_he_will_come_or_not,_we will go on with our plan.不管他来不来，我们仍按计划进行。Child_as_he_was,_he had a good command of English.尽管他是个孩子，但他精通英语。3条件状语从句条件状语从句由if“如果”， unless“除非”， as long as ( so long as)“只要”， in case (that)“如果，万一”， on condition that“条件是
22、”， suppose, supposing that, provided, providing that“假如”等引导。I will buy a computerifI am able to save up enough money.如果我能存下足够的钱，我就买台电脑。Unlessthe weather was bad, my father always used to take a walk in the evening.除非天气不好，我的父亲过去晚上总是去散步。即时演练4选词填空If he works hard, hell be successful.You may borrow the
23、book, on_condition_that you wont lend it to others.Supposing (that) you fail a second time, try again.As_long_as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty.It may rain, youd better take an umbrella (just) in_case it does.4地点状语从句地点状语从句常由where或wherever等引导。Wherethere is a will, ther
24、e is a way.有志者，事竟成。He must go wherever we send him.他必须去我们派他去的任何地方。5原因状语从句原因状语从句由because, as, since, now that等引导。I didnt go to school today because I was ill.因为生病所以我今天没去上学。As there was no answer, he wrote to her again.因为没有回复，所以他又给她写了封信。6结果状语从句和目的状语从句(1)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so .that, such .that“如此以至于”，so that
25、“以至于，所以”。结果状语从句通常置于主句之后。I didnt plan the work well, so that I didnt finish it in time.我没把工作计划好，结果没按时完成。The scientists report wasso instructive that we were all very excited.科学家的报告很有教育性，我们感到很兴奋。(2)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case。They started early so thatthey might a
26、rrive in time.他们早点动身，以便准时到达。Better take more clothes in casethe weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。7方式状语从句和比较状语从句(1)方式状语从句常由as, as if, as though等词引导，通常位于主句之后。He acted as if/though nothing had happened.他装作似乎什么事也没发生过。(2)比较状语从句由as .as, more .than, the more ., the more .等引导。Our new school is four times asbig
27、as the old one.我们的新学校是原来学校的四倍大。即时演练5单句改错Youll go to anywhere you like.去掉toIt was as he was late for class that he was scolded by the teacher.asbecauseIn order to we could save time, we used the computer.tothatThere are such many mistakes in the passage that no one likes to read it.suchsoHe treats me
28、 as if I am a stranger.amwere.单句语法填空1At night these busy streets during the day become empty of traffic. 2Children should be instructed to put things where they belong in their early childhood.3Everything seemed to be going smoothly (smooth) for the first two days after I moved to New York.4Finding
29、(find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.5Unless we have enough evidence, we cant win the case.6Do as you are told, otherwise you will make mistake.7The turtle doesnt run so quickly as the hare.8She could hardly say a word, astonished (astonish) and happy.9She had to ch
30、oke down her breakfast to_catch (catch) her bus.10The bell rang before I could look over my answers. .完成句子1(2015四川高考书面表达)When_I_speak_English,_I often feel a little nervous. 当我说英语的时候，我经常感到有点紧张。2(2014山东高考满分作文)This proves that as_long_as_we_have_a_strong_will,_well be able to get over any difficulty.这证明，只要我们有坚强的意志，我们将能够克服任何困难。3(2015全国卷满分作文)First_of_all,_you can talk about American customs and festivals because Chinese students are interested in them.首先，你可以谈论美国的习俗和节日，因为中国学生对他们感兴趣。4(2014四川高考书面表达)Though_some_of_the_questions_seem_unfamiliar_to_me,_they are easy to answer.虽然有些问题对我来
