1、硬件调试方式Hardware debug mode硬件调试方式（Hardware debug mode）Debugging stepsThe debugging steps of electronic circuits are as follows: block debugging or integral debugging:1. check circuitAny assembly of electronic circuits, before commissioning, must carefully check whether the circuit wiring error. Contro
2、l circuit diagram, according to a certain order corresponding inspection step by step.Special attention should be paid to check whether the power supply is connected to a power source and ground fault, whether there is a short-circuit, whether the polarity of the electrolytic capacitor and diode con
3、nected in reverse direction, the integrated circuit and the transistor pin is wrong, gently pull a pull components, solder joint is firm, etc.Observation of 2. passesBe sure to debug the required power voltage value, and determine the circuit board power supply without short-circuit phenomenon, the
4、circuit can be connected to the power supply. Once the power is connected, dont be eager to observe the waveform and data with the instrument, but to observe whether there are abnormal phenomena, such as smoke, abnormal smell, discharge of sound and light, components burning, etc. If there is, dont
5、panic, but should immediately turn off the power supply, until the troubleshooting can be re connected to the power supply. Then, the voltage of the power supply pin of each integrated block is measured to determine whether the integrated circuit is energized.3. static debuggingNo input signal is us
6、ed to measure whether the DC operating voltage and current are normal at all levels. Direct current voltage test is very convenient and can be measured directly. And the measurement of current is not very convenient, usually using two methods to measure. If the circuit has a breakpoint on the printe
7、d circuit board, it can be connected to the ammeter to measure the current value directly, and then connect it with solder. If there is no test hole, the DC voltage can be measured, and then the DC current is calculated according to the value of the resistance. The static point debugging of transist
8、ors and integrated circuits is generally carried out.4. dynamic debuggingWith the input signal, the output signal of the observation circuit meets the requirements. That is to adjust the circuit AC channel components, such as capacitance, inductance, etc., so that the circuit related point of the AC
9、 signal waveform, amplitude, frequency and other parameters to meet the design requirements. If the input signal is a periodic change signal, the output signal can be observed by oscilloscope. When block debugging is adopted, the input signal should be used before the input stage, except for the inp
10、ut signal. For analog circuits, observe the output waveform is in line with the requirements. For digital circuits, the observed output signal waveform, amplitude, pulse width, phase and dynamic logical relationship are in line with the requirements. In the debugging of digital circuits, it is often
11、 hoped that the state of the circuit can be changed at one time instead of periodically. Therefore, the input signal for single step signals (also called signal switch), logic circuit in order to observe the change of state.5. index testAfter the static and dynamic debugging of electronic circuit is
12、 normal, the technical index of the subject can be measured. Test and record the test data, analyze the test data, and finally make the test conclusion to determine whether the technical specifications of the circuit meet the design requirements. If there is any discrepancy, the problem should be ca
13、refully checked, and the parameters of some components should be adjusted and changed. If it still fails to meet the requirements, a part of the circuit should be modified, and even the whole circuit should be modified again. Therefore, in the whole process of design, we should be careful and carefu
14、l, and consider the problem more comprehensively. Even so, local rework is inevitable.A ARM hardware debugging instructions for usersARM hardware debuggingIn the online time, see a lot of people ask how to do their own ARM board, and some people want to contact friends to do together. No matter what
15、 kind of way to do it, I hope I can make a ARM to play with myself. Personally, its not difficult to make a ARM board. The difficulty is in the purchase of components and PCB processing. But these two parts are also very good solution. To do a simple, their own learning board, the cost is only three
16、, four hundred bucks. Not only cost-effective, but also enjoy the fun.First, schematic designFirst of all, you have to think about what kind of board youre going to make,Is it for a project, or for a learning board?. Clear the purpose, start design schematics. At present, our commonly used ARM devel
17、opment board is mostly Samsung, also has PHILIPS. These two kinds of chips can be found very rich resources on the Internet, including the principle diagram and test procedures, especially the 44B0 chip data is almost netful fly. Find a schematic diagram of the chip, on the basis of some changes to
18、make it more suitable for their own practical applications. ARM7 chips will be a little easier to use, after all, the principle of the structure and the ordinary 51 microcontroller somewhat similar, do not need too much trouble to complete. For ARM9, the design diagram will be troublesome. Recommend
19、ed core board, the ARM chip and the memory on a small plate, and then the floor, so that even if the design is a problem, is also convenient to modify the design.The principle of figure I do not wordy, a lot of online reference map, DOWN them to modify it, determine the principle diagram is correct,
20、 you need to start the layout.For ARM7, the kind of relatively low speed (below 100M), as long as the plate cloth can be appropriate, not what particularly noteworthy, some signal line may be on some small resistance, high frequency resistance match.For the ARM9 board, at least 4 laminates are requi
21、red. (if both sides can line cloth, double sided plate can also be). Here, one might ask if the 4 boards are enough. I think its quite enough. I designed a S3C2410 core board, made with 4 boards, can work normally under 200M. In addition, I got a 6 board PCB from the Internet, and I changed it into
22、4 boards. I didnt have the time to debug, and I guess it wasnt a problem. Why do I say that, because you can probably know something about the entire circuit, and as long as your board handles the power and clock properly, other logic signals are not too big. Of course, the premise is that logical s
23、ignals can not be randomly distributed.Here need to explain a bit, do 4 boards entirely for their own learning, because the price of the 6 board is too high, the individual can not afford. But if youre going to do industrial equipment or practical projects, or use 6 laminates, so that it can play a
24、certain role in the hardware protection.Two, PCB processingAfter the board is well distributed, it will be processed outside. If youre a company building a board, you dont have to open this part. Individuals can continue to look at the plate.Looking for manufacturers to do some of the skills of the
25、board. Say double deck first. Double sided panels can be done by ordinary manufacturers, and the distance between the wire and the chip of ARM7 is the same as the distance between the pins. A little wider, better. Prices are generally not very expensive, and 200 pieces of RMB are enough to make 5 bo
26、ards for you to debug. The prices in Beijing and Shenzhen dont seem quite the same. In Shenzhen, it seems to be about 600 of the project cost, and then by the area calculation. Beijing is directly calculated by the area, the total price needs to be more than 100, less than 100 of the 100 count. At t
27、he same time, Beijing can also customize plate method, such as the board does not add silk screen, not gold-plated to reduce prices. In any case, as long as patience to find, you can always find a suitable for their own manufacturers to do the board. Of course, there are also some manufacturers low
28、prices, quality will be a bit poor, good board back to check carefully, it will not affect our test. When I was with another classmate for 04 years, I used 150 pieces of money to make 3 boards in Beijing. There was no screen printing, no edge milling, only tin plating. Come back and deal with the bo
29、ard yourself. Check out a short circuit (the board, our cloth line is too small, line distance is very small, it is later learned). The repaired plate is stable after repair.More plywood. The laminate is generally used for the BGA package, check when it is not easy to check, and we can not see the i
30、nner wiring, need to choose some trusted manufacturers in the factory, it is best to do fly test factory. The cost of making a 4 board is about 10002000,Individual manufacturers may be more than 2000, but that kind of manufacturer can guarantee to your plate absolute OK, sometimes for the quality of
31、 the board, also need to sacrifice a bit of mold fee. Generally, after you pay enough money, the manufacturer can give you a few models free of charge, if you want to have more than a few boards, you must advance to the manufacturers say, they may receive a little money, or may not receive money. Lo
32、ok at your negotiating skills. Because hes doing the same plate at one time and 30 boards at the same price.Board should pay attention to, after taking back, need to carefully check, found that the short circuit need to repair in place. Where there is no processing board, you can consider online cus
33、tom-made. They can mail it to you after theyre finished, and they need to talk about it on their own.Three, the purchase of componentsIts easy to buy components. Of course, you have to find the right source. In Beijing, chips can be found in Zhongguancun. Components such as resistors and capacitors can also be sold re
