1、完整版主谓一致 一致关系一、主谓一致在现代英语中主谓一致基本遵循如下原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。语法一致原则就是根据主语的语法形式决定其谓语动词的语法形式。例如：My daughter watches television after supper.My daughters watch television after supper.A letter has been sent to every student.Two letters have been sent to every students.To treat them in that way is unfair.Smo
2、king cigarettes is dangerous to your health.意义一致原则指主谓之间的一致关系不是由主语的语法形式来决定，而是由主谓所表达的意义来决定。形式是单数的主语，其谓语有可能是复数形式；反之，形式是复数的主语，其谓语有可能是单数。例如：The government have broken all their promises.The class are doing experiments on heat and light.The council are of two opinions.The United States is a country advanc
3、ed in science and technology.Ten dollars is all I have left.Two thirds of the area is under water.就近原则，指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。例如：Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.Neither she nor I am wet.Either you or he was in the wrong.上述三条原则的具体应用则比较复杂，下列几点应予以注意：
4、1 谓语动词单数的情况（1） 不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：To become actresses is their ambition.Nodding often means you say “yes”.What I did was give her a book.（2） 事件、国名、机构名称、作品名称用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：The United States is a country advanced in science and technology.The United Nations was formed in 1945.The Thirty-
5、Nine Steps is an interesting novel.（3） One, every, everyone, everybody, each, one of, many a, either, neither, no one nobody, anyone, someone, somebody用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Many a student doesnt like having to do their homework.One of the teachers is absent today.Every boy and girl is treated in the
6、 same way.Neither of the two girls is at home.（4） 表示时间、距离、金钱、体积、数字等的词语用作主语表示总量时，谓语动词用单数。 例如：Fifteen years represents a long period of his life.One hundred miles is too far to travel on foot.Ten thousand dollars is a large sum of money.（5） 单数词作主语，虽然后接由including, as well as, together with, in addition
7、 to, accompanied by等词连接的其它词，谓语动词仍用单数。例如： Gold, as well as silver, has recently risen in price. The factory, with all its equipment, has been burned.（6） A portion of, a series of, a kind of等词语修饰主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用单数。例如： A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use.2 谓
8、语动词复数的情况（1） both, some, few, many, several等词语修饰主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。例如：Both of them have gone to Shanghai on business.Few of my classmates really understand me.Several students were late for school yesterday.（2） 形容词前加定冠词泛指时，谓语动词用复数。例如：In many western films, the good are well rewarded and the bad a
9、re punished.3 其他情况（1） 由and连接两个主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。例如：Your problem and mine are similar.The secretary and the headmaster of the school were present at the meeting.但当and连接的词语作整体考虑，或在意义上指同一个人或物时，谓语动词一般用单数。例如：Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast.The secretary and the headmaster of the school was present
10、at the meeting.当由and连接的两个单数名词前面有 each, every等词修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。例如：Each actor and actress was invited.一个单数名词前有由and连接的两个形容词修饰时，谓语动词一般用复数。例如：Chinese and Japanese silk are good quality.（2） 当or, eitheror, neithernor, not only. but also连接一个单数主语和一个复数主语时，谓语动词的数取决于它邻近的主语的数。例如：Neither the prices nor the quality
11、has changed.Neither the quality nor the prices have changed.（3） 集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数常取决于主语的意义。当主语表示整体时，谓语动词用单数；当主语强调集体中的个体时，谓语动词用复数。The family is the basic unit of the societyThe family have agreed among themselves to spend their vacation in Italy.这些集体名词有： people, army, audience, cattle, class, club, com
12、mittee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, party, police, public, staff, team等，其中people, cattle, police常用复数。（4） 一些表示数量的词语：如a lot of, any of, most of, half of, two-thirds of, ninety percent of, part of, the rest of, some of, none of, all of 与名词连用时，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。名词用单数，谓语动词也用单数，名词用复数，谓语动词也用复数。
13、例如：A lot of the equipment was made in China.A lot of my friends are here to celebrate my birthday.Most of the book is interesting.Most of the books are informative though a little dull.注意当a number of修饰主语时，谓语动词用复数，而当the number of与名词连用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：A number of students were late for school owing to
14、the storm.The number of errors was surprising二、代词一致代词一致是指句子中代词应在数、性、人称等方面保持一致，或代词和它所指代的名词词组在某些方面保持一致。例如：The city is proud of its parks.The nurse picked up the baby and handed it to its mother.1. 由and连接两个先行词，代词用复数。 例如：George and John sat down with their coats on.2. 由or, eitheror, neither. nor, not on
15、ly but also连接的先行词如果在数和性上是一致的，就用其相应的代词；如果先行词在数和性上不一致，代词可与邻近的先行词保持一致，在正式文体中也可用两个不同代词。例如：Neither Mary nor Alice had her key with her.Neither the parcel nor the letters had reached their destination.Not only Tom but also I can do my work well.If either David or Janet comes, he or she will want a drink.3
16、. 当each, everyone, everybody, no one, none, nobody, anybody, anyone, someone, somebody用作主语或主语限定词时，其相应的代词一般用单数形式。例如：Everybody talked at the top of his voice.Nobody wants to go there, do they?在非正式语体中，也可以根据意义一致原则用复数代词。例如：None of these workers can do it, cant they?4. 当everything, anything, something, no
17、thing等用作主语时，句中相应的代词一般只按照语法一致的原则，用单数形式。例如：Anything on the desk can be thrown away, cant it?Everything is ready, isnt it?5. 集体名词作先行词时，如果集体名词指整体，用单数代词；如果指集体中的个体，则用复数代词。例如：My family is large. It is composed of nine members.My family are loving and supportive. They are always ready to help me. Grammar Ex
18、cercisesI. Tick the correct form of each verb in the brackets in each of the following sentences.1. Every one of my brothers ( has, have ) brown eyes.2. George, together with his family, ( is, are ) flying to New York.3. Her ( is, are ) the documents you asked for.4. There ( seems, seem ) to be seve
19、ral people in the room.5. Some of the money ( is, are ) missing.6. Most of the fruit crop ( was, were ) destroyed by the heavy snow.7. Half of the students in the class ( ia, are ) from the North.8. The audience ( was, were ) returning to their seats.9. Two thousand miles ( is, are ) too far for us
20、to travel over a short vacation.10. The old in our country ( is, are ) cared for by their grown-up children.11. One hundred and sixty pounds ( is, are ) what you should weigh.12. Thi9s is an important decision that ( is, are ) changing the educational system in our country.13. Jane is one of the peo
21、ple who ( is, are ) willing to help others.14. It is I who ( am, is ) wrong.15. You are the one who ( is, are ) wrong.16. This is one of the best stories that ( has, have ) ever been published.17. All of the work ( has, have ) been finished.18. General Motors ( is, are ) a huge company.19. Neither t
22、he teacher nor the students ( has, have ) enough time.20. What I saw ( was. were ) two men attacking a policeman.21. The team ( is, are ) trying on the new boots.22. Law and order ( has, have ) been restored in that regeon.23. A number of students ( speaks, speak ) English well.24. The number of the
23、 feilures in the examination ( is, are ) surprisingly large.25. My friend and classmate Paul ( race, races ) motorcycles in his spare time.26. Scattered over the floor ( was, were ) the remains of the evenings feast.27. Few members of the party ( approve, approves ) the committees appointment.28. Wh
24、at they were talking about ( was, were ) not at all clear.29. The Daily News ( says, say ) its going to rain.30. Neither the high pay nor the benefits ( appeal, appeals ) to the workers.31. One or perhaps more pages ( is, are ) missing.32. Every man and woman ( is, are ) given special training.33. T
25、he windows of the shop ( is, are ) anything but clean.34. The President and Party Leader ( was, were ) killed in the accident.35. The smallest of the boys ( is, are ) cleverest in class.36. The president, accompanied by his advisors ( has, have ) arrived.37. Neither she nor they ( is, are ) ready to
26、 go home.38. Many a writer of newspaper articles ( has, have ) turned to writing novels39. Neitherof the chairs （ is, are ）very comfortable.40. My favorite fruit ( is, are ) grapes.41. The mob (is, are ) picking up whatever they could lay hands on.42. I, who ( is, am ) wrong, have nothing to say.43.
27、 How much ( is, are ) those books?44. There ( is, are ) a crowd at the scene of the accident.45. The audience ( is, are ) unusually small.46. The committee（ has,have）been arguing among themselves for hours.47. All but him and me ( is, are ) going to the cinema.48. The police ( has, have ) received o
28、rders to stand by.49. A series of accidents ( has, have ) occurred in Queensway.50. A half truth ( is, are ) often no better than a lie.II. Fill in the blank in each of the following sentences with a propriate pronoun.1. In a large city a stranger felt lost if had grown up in a small town.2. I suspe
29、ct each of us has tried best to learn English well.3. The rest of the lecture somehow lost point.4. The team is playing last home game this year.5. Neither Jane nor Janet had ID Card with .6. The committee wish to reconsider decision.7. Those of us who have a family history of heart disease should make a yearly appointment with doctors.8. The group of students do not agree on methods, but unite on basic aims.9. Nobody in a position of authority had given approval of the bill.10. The rest of the employees will receive pay check when the new funds arrive.
