1、新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册课后翻译新视野大学英语第三版 book 2 unit 1 翻译英译中：English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language. Like other languages, English has changed greatly. The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods : Old Engl
2、ish, Middle English and Modern English. The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language. During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread t
3、hroughout the British Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world. The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant changein English. Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the populari
4、ty of American cinema, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet.人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。与其他语言一样，英语也发生了很大的变化。英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段：古英语，中古英语和现代英语。英语起源于公元5世纪，当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英国，他们对英语语言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世纪和现代社会初期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从17世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各地显现。欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。今天，由于美国电影、电视、
5、贸易和技术、包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤其显。中译英：中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的艺术、是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。中国书法艺术的形成，发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中，一方面起着交流思想、继承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术。书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来，所以，通常有“字如其人”的说法。中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art tr
6、easure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also de
7、veloped into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that seeing the calligraphers handwriting is like seeing the person. As one of the treasures o Chinese culture, Chinese
8、 calligraphy shines splendidly in the worlds treasure house of culture and art.Unit2Part1A MOOC (massive Open online course) is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web.慕课是一种网络课程，它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。MOOCs are a recent development in distance education and have now
9、 become a surging trend in higher education.慕课是远程教育迈出的最新一步，现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流。These classes are aimed at expanding a universitys reach from thousands of tuition-paying students who live in town, to millions of students around the world.通过这些课程，大学可以扩大影响的范围，从影响成千上万住在城里付学费的学生，扩展到惠及全球上百万的学生。In addition to t
10、raditional course materials, MOOCs Provide interactive user forums to support interactions between students and professors.除了拥有传统的课程资料，慕课还给使用者提供互动论坛，支持学生和讲师之间的交流。MOOCs can encourage communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course; inspire peopl
11、e to try on subjects that they wouldnt otherwise pursue or even try on education itself; provide multiple ways to engage with course material,encouraging multimodal(多模式的) Learning that can address the needs of learners with a variety of learning styles;and inspire better teaching and use of technolo
12、gies for face-to-face courses.慕课能够促进参与者之间的交流，使得多种观点、知识和技能涌现到课堂上来；它鼓励人们尝试之前不可能尝试的课程，甚至是尝试新的教育方式；它提供多种学习课程资料的方式，鼓励多模式学习，以各种学习风格满足学习者的需求；另外，慕课促进教学的改善，使技术在面对面授课中得以更好地应用。【背景知识】慕课(MOOC)，是新近涌现出来的一种在线课程开发模式，以连通主义理论和网络化学习的开放教育学为基础。课程的范围不仅覆盖了广泛的科技学科，比如数学、统计、计算机科学、自然科学和工程学，也包括了社会科学和人文学科。“M”代表Massive，即大规模，与传统课程
13、只有几十个或几百个学生不同，一门MOOCs课程最多达16万人。“O”，代表Open，即开放，以兴趣为导向。凡是想学习都可以进入，不分国籍，只需一个邮箱，就可注册参与。“O”代表Online(在线)，学习在网上完成，无需旅行，不受时空限制。“C”代表Course，即课程。Part2近年来，随着互联网技术的发展，我国的数字化教育资源建设取得了巨大的成就。Inrecent years,with the development of Internet technology,the construction of digital education resources of our country ha
14、s made great achievements.很多高校建立了自己的数字化学习平台，数字化教学在教育中发挥着越来越大的作用。Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms,and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education.和传统教学方式相比，数字化教学方式有很大的优势。Compared with thetraditional way of teaching,the digital way has a lo
15、t of advantages.一方面，数字化教学使教学资源得以全球共享；另一方面，它拓展了学习者的学习时间和空间，人们可以随时随地通过互联网进入数字化的虚拟学校学习。这使得人类从接受一次性教育走向终身学习成为可能。On one hand,digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible;on the other hand,it expands the learners study time and space to learn,allowing people to get access to the di
16、gital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere.These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.【背景知识】数字化教学是指教师和学习者在数字化的教学环境中,遵循现代教育理论和规律，运用数字化的教学资源，以数字化教学模式进行培养适应新世纪需要的具有创新意识和创新能力的复合型人才的教学活动。数字化校园是以数字化信息和网络为基础，在计算机和网络技术上建立起来的对教学、科研、管
17、理、技术服务、生活服务等校园信息的收集、处理、整合、存储、传输和应用，使数字资源得到充分优化利用的一种虚拟教育环境。通过实现从环境（包括设备，教室等）、资源（如图书、讲义、课件等）到应用（包括教、学、管理、服务、办公等）的全部数字化，在传统校园基础上构建一个数字空间，以拓展现实校园的时间和空间维度，提升传统校园的运行效率，扩展传统校园的业务功能，最终实现教育过程的全面信息化，从而达到提高管理水平和效率的目的。unit3课后翻译英翻中AsanimportantpartoftheAmericanculturevaluesystem,individualismisadmiredbymostAmeri
18、canpeople.Americansviewthefamilyasagroupwhoseprimarypurposeistoadvancethehappinessofindividualmembers.Incontrasttomanyothercultures,theprimaryresponsibilityoftheAmericanfamilymemberisnottoadvancethefamilyasagroup,eithersociallyoreconomically.Whatwouldbebestforthefamilyisnotusuallyconsideredtobeasimp
19、ortantaswhatwouldbebestfortheindividual.Withfreedomcomestheresponsibilitytocareforoneself,foritisthefreedomofchoicethatcarrieswithittheresponsibility:toaccepttheconsequencesofthechoices.ManyAmericansgivetheirchildrenalotoffreedombecausetheywantthemtobeindependentandself-reliant.AlongwiththeAmericane
20、mphasisonindividualfreedom,thebeliefinequalitybetweenparentsandchildrenalsohashadastrongeffectonthefamily.作为美国文化价值体系的一个重要组成部分，个人主义受到大多数美国人的推崇。美国人认为家庭作为一个群体，其主要目的是促进家庭各成员的幸福。与许多其他文化相比，美国家庭成员的主要职责，不是在社会上或经济上提高整个家庭的地位。人们通常认为，什么是对个人最好的要比什么是对家庭最好的更为重要。与自由相伴而来的是照顾自己的责任，因为所选择的自由承载了责任，即必须接受自己的选择所带来的后果。许多美国人
21、给他们的孩子很多的自由，因为他们希望孩子们能够独立和自力更生。在美国人强调个人自由的同时，父母与孩子间平等的信念也对美国家庭产生了巨大的影响。中翻英孝道（filialpiety）是中国古代社会的基本道德规范（codeofethics）。中国人把孝视为人格之本、家庭和睦之本、国家安康之本。由于孝道是儒家伦理思想的核心，它成了中国社会千百年来维系家庭关系的道德准则。它毫无疑问是中华民族的一种传统美德。孝道文化是一个复合概念，内容丰富，涉及面广。它既有文化理念，又有制度礼仪（institutionaletiquette）。一般来说，它指社会要求子女对父母应尽的义务，包括尊敬、关爱、赡养老人等等。孝道
22、是古老的东方文明之根本。FilialpietyisthebasiccodeofethicsinancientChinesesociety.Chinesepeopleconsiderfilialpietyastheessenceofapersonsintegrity,familyharmony,andthenationswell-being.WithfilialpietybeingthecoreofConfucianethics,ithasbeenthemoralstandardfortheChinesesocietytomaintainthefamilyrelationshipforthous
23、andsofyears.ItsundoubtedlyatraditionalChinesevirtue.Thecultureoffilialpietyisacomplexconcept,richincontentandwideinrange.Itincludesnotonlyculturalideasbutalsoinstitutionaletiquettes.Generallyspeaking,itreferstotheobligationofchildrentotheirparentsrequiredbythesociety,includingrespect,care,supportfor
24、theelderlyandsoforth.FilialpietyisfundamentaltotheancientOrientalcivilization.unit4课后翻译英翻中ValentinesDayonFebruary14iscelebratedinvariousAmericanandEuropeancountries.Itisaholidayofloveandromanceusuallybyexchangingvalentinesorlovetokensbetweenlovers.Therearedifferentoriginsregardingthefestival.Onelege
25、ndgoesthattheRomansputapriestnamedSaintValentineintoprisonforrefusingtobelieveintheRomangods.OnFebruary14,ValentinewasputtodeathnotonlybecausehewasChristian,butalsobecausehehadcuredthejailersdaughterofblindness.ThenightbeforehewasexecutedhewroteherafarewelllettersignedFromyourValentine.Later,Februar
26、y14becameaholidayforpeopletoshowaffectionfortheirlovedones.Today,peoplecelebrateValentinesDayindifferentways,sendinggreetingcardsandflowers,givingchocolateorothergifts,orjoininginromanticdinners.Theholidayhasnowbecomepopularallovertheworld.InChinathefestivalisalsobecomingincreasinglypopularwithyoung
27、people.美洲和欧洲各国都会庆祝2月14日的情人节。这是一个充满爱情和浪漫的节日，恋人之间通常都会交换情人卡和爱情信物。关于这个节日的起源有着不同的说法。一个传说是罗马人把一个叫圣瓦伦丁的神父关进了监狱，因为他拒绝相信罗马神。2月14日那天，瓦伦丁被处死，不仅因为他是基督徒，而且因为他曾治愈了一位监狱看守双目失明的女儿。他在被处死的前一天晚上给她写了一封署名“你的瓦伦丁”的告别信。后来，2月14日就成了一个人们可以为他们的情人展示感情的节日。现在，人们以不同的方式庆祝情人节，他们发送贺卡、鲜花，赠送巧克力或其他礼品，或共进浪漫的晚餐。现在这个节日已流行世界各地。在中国，这个节日也正越来越受
28、年轻人的欢迎。中翻英农历七月初七是中国的七夕节(QixiFestival)，是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日。一些大的商家每年都举办不同的活动，年轻人也送礼物给他们的情人。因此，七夕节被认为是中国的“情人节”(ValentinesDay)。七夕节来自牛郎与织女（CowherdandWeavingMaid）的传说。相传，每年的这个夜晚，天上的织女都会与牛郎相会。所以，在七夕的夜晚，人们可以看到牛郎织女在银河（theMilkyWay）相会。姑娘们也会在这一天晚上向天上的织女乞求智慧，以获得美满姻缘。但随着时代的变迁，这些活动正在消失，唯有标志着忠贞爱情的牛郎织女的传说一直流传民间。July7
29、thontheChinesecalendarisChineseQixiFestival,themostromanticofallthetraditionalChineseholidays.Everyyear,somebigbusinessesorganizevariousactivities,andyoungpeoplesendgiftstotheirlovers.Asaresult,theQixiFestivalisconsideredtobeChineseValentinesDay.TheQixiFestivalisderivedfromthelegendofCowherdandWeavi
30、ngMaid.ThelegendholdsthatonthisparticularnighteveryyeartheWeavingMaidinheavenmeetswithCowherd.So,peoplecanseeCowherdandWeavingMaidmeetingintheMilkyWayonthenightofQixi.Onthisnight,girlswouldalsobegWeavingMaidforsomewisdomforahappymarriage.But,withthechangingoftimes,theseactivitiesarediminishing.AllthatremainsisthelegendofCowherdandWeavingMaid,asignoffaithfullove,continuouslycirculatedamongthefolk.Unit5翻译讲解Part1The Age of Discovery,also called the Age of Exploration,is a historical period of European global exploration that started in th
