1、高三一模考冲刺讲义概要写作专题唐薇学生版精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义学员姓名： 年 级：高 三 课 时 数： 3辅导科目：英语 学科教师：授课内容Summary+多项综合练习教学内容Summary Writing【知识梳理1】从评分标准看概要写作要求概要写作评分标准档次内容语言A55B44C33D22E11F00评分细则: 1. 本题总分为10分, 其中内容5分, 语言5分。2. 评分时应注意的主要方面: 内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。3. 词数超过60，酌情扣分。各档次给分要求: 内容部分A. 能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息。B. 能准确概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏个别主要信息
2、。C. 能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏部分主要信息。D. 未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。E. 几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息。F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。语言部分A. 能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。B. 能用自己的语言较连贯、正确地表述，但有个别语言错误。C. 基本能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述，但连贯性较差，且有少量不影响表意的语言错误。D. 基本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。E. 几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关【知识梳理2】如何寻找主要信息概要写作的第一个要求就是对短
3、文进行概括，它是一个获取信息、加工信息的过程，需要严谨的思维和准确的表达能力，而且要使用自己的语言来表达。因此，“概括短文的内容”，实际上就是客观简要地转述作者的论点、论据和结论。根据不同文体，我们把它归纳为“主题句+支撑句”的概括模式。不同文体，它的概括模式略有区别。1. 【记叙文】 记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文通常要交待清楚五要素的内容，即where, when, what, who, how。期中最重要的是某人（who）做了何事（what）。若是夹叙夹议的文章，还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。事情的叙述通常按时间的顺序叙述，
4、让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联，写人的记叙文总结要对在于抓住人物主要特点或事迹。2.【议论文】 议论文通常用来讲明道理、议论是非、提出观点和看法。因此，议论文的概要写作首先是要找出议论文三要素，即论点，论据和结论。其关键是找出主题句或结论句。而这种文章的整体结构多数为总分结构、分总结构、平行结构等。因此我们通常在首段或尾段，或者再各段的首句和尾句找论点。若文中有一分为二（即对立观点）的观点，两种观点都要概括，不要有所偏漏。3. 【说明文】 说明文主要可以分为两类：一类是说明某个事物，作者可能以时间顺序来介绍事物的产生、发展与演变等过程，也可能通过说明事物的优缺点等特征特点及用途来说明该
5、事物。另一类是说明某个现象，这是你需要找出“现象”是什么，“造成这种现象的原因”以及“解决这种现象或问题的措施或建议”。【知识梳理3】如何缩句和改写一、缩句1）删除细节。只保留主要观点。 例1：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：“He was very brave in battle.” 例2：“Around the world，music therapy(疗法) is being used to treat different medical conditions and
6、 illnesses.” (2017奉贤一模)可以概括为：“Music therapy is a useful way to treat illness.”2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 例：“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past.”可以概括为：“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai were once visited
7、 by a few people.”3) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。例：“A new study from the University of Toronto suggests that fast food might make it harder to stop and smell the roses. Researchers pointed out that the Americans have gained more and more leisure time, yet they arent any
8、 happier. The problem could be that modern conveniences make us more impatient, and therefore less able to appreciate small moments of joy.”（是对于前面两句的重复论证）可以概括为：“A new study shows that fast food will affect peoples ability to appreciate beauty, thus making them less happy.”4）使用概括性的名词代替具体的词例1：“At leas
9、t that might give us the chance to stock up on vitamins and wrap up warm before the germ attacks! ”可以概括为：“Users can take some measures to prevent disease.”例2： “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them
10、during the winter vocation.” 可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”5）把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。例1：“After monitoring 40 smart watch users for up to two years, the team has demonstrated that the devices can be used to detect the first signs of co
11、ming illness. The participants pulse and skin temperature were continuously monitored. Continuous tracking of your vital signs is more informative than having a doctor measure them once a year.” 可以概括为：“Having followed some users for 24 months and monitored their pulse and skin temperature constantly
12、, the team draws a conclusion that a constant record of necessary data is superior to a regular check-up . ”6）使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。二、改写1）同义替换例：“A good story encourages us
13、 to turn the next page and read more. ”(2017宝山一模)可以概括为：“An interesting story motivates/inspires us to read continuously.”2）改变词性例：Another great advantage of social networking sites is how easy it is to organize an event with your friends. (2017嘉定长宁一模)可以概括为：“Moreover, they facilitate the organization
14、of various events. ”3）改变语态例：“Researchers carried out a few different tests focused on fast foods to test the theory.”可以概括为：“The theory was based on some tests.”4) 用介词短语，名词短语，非谓语等改变句式例1：“The survey concluded that another reason why people dont want to be teachers is that.” （普陀区2016高三一模考）可以概括为：“The su
15、rvey concluded that another reason of peoples unwillingness to be teachers is that.”例2：“The girl who stood in the cornerwas wearing make-up.”可以概括为：“The girl standing in the corner was wearing make-up. ”例3：“The stranger, after he had discardedhis jacket, moved threateningly towards me. ”可以概括为：“The st
16、ranger, having discarded his jacket, moved threateningly towards me. ”例4：“If you are still anxious ,there is no harm in indulging（放任）in a personal routine. ”（2016虹口一模）可以概括为：“If still anxious, you can spend your time on your own routine. ”【总结】概要写作三步走第一步：阅读A. 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就
17、越深刻。B.该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。C. 简要地记下主要观点主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应尽量用自己的话完成。不要直接引用原文的句子。B. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。C. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。D. 写摘要时可以采用上述提及的技巧，确保少于60词。第三步：修改成文首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。第二，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后，保持语言简单明了
18、。另外，可以通过以下四个方面来核对(checklist)写好的摘要。1. Does the summary include the main points? （是否涵盖全部要点）2. Are words or sentences copied or your own words? （是否是自己的话）3. Are transitional words used to make writing coherent? （是否使用了衔接词）4. Are all the sentences, spelling, and punctuation marks correct? （是否有语法，拼写错误）【记叙文
19、】Everyday Heroes: The Preteen TranslatorOn a cold afternoon in January 2015, Yesenia Diosdado, 11, got off a school bus in Lenexa, Kansas, near the apartment building where she lives with her family. When the bus pulled away, Yesenia saw police and emergency workers looking after victims of a three-
20、car accident that had occurred at a busy intersection nearby. Yesenia joined a small crowed of onlookers across the street.She worried using sign language, but he couldnt understand her. I heard him ask for an interpreter, Yesenia says.She ran over to the nurse to helpher mother, a former sign langu
21、age interpreter, had taught her and her sisters how to sign ( no one in the family is hearing weakened).She said, “I sign. Can I help” says EMA captain Chris Winger. I was knocked down.Yesenia was able to replay to the emergency personnel that the womans neck was injured and tell them the name of th
22、e local hospital she preferred. She looked really hurt, says Yesenia. Im proud that I got to do something to help.When her mother, Susan Milidore, 36, heard about Yesenias heroics, she wasnt surprised. Its in her nature to help, says Susan. I was impressed that she recognized the seriousness of the
23、situation and took charge. Most adults wouldnt have done that.A few weeks later, paramedics presented Yesenia with a gold coin and a certificate of appreciation at her elementary school.My mom always says that you never know when sign language might come in handy, says Yesenia. That day, it did._ _
24、_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （60）_ _ 【议论文】 If Youve ever sent an email that started with the wordsJust sending a friendly reminder to please.we have some bad news for you: It probably backfired. Not only are friendly remind
25、eremails one of the annoying email habits you have, but everyone also secretly hates them. To you, a reminder email could simply be a friendly way to ask for something thats late,Fast Company writes. But unfortunately, that might not be the message coming across to your coworkers. You need to quit t
26、his bad email habit and stop sending them immediately. And heres why. For one, if you use hedge words such askind of,maybe,probably.Etc. They will decrease your credibility with your coworkers. Although you might insert those phrases for a softer tone, they also make you sound insecure and unconfide
27、nt. Be clear with your choice of words, choosing the straightforwardsending a reminder,instead. Trust us, your employees will appreciate the directness. But thats not even the worst part. Its also easy for those reminder emails to get lost in peoples inboxes, if not ignored immediately. With countle
28、ss emails flooding in per day, yours could easily get lost in the shuffle. Very likely, your coworkers will hit thedelete button. Still, you need to get their attention somehow, right? After all, you have a job to do : Once you send the classic reminder email, try scheduling a meeting with the perso
29、n via calendar invite. Even resending the original email with a red utgent flag could do the trick. Doing so ispractically guaranteed to get the message across-and still save face with your coworkers.(七宝中学2017十月月考)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （60）_ _ 【说明文】Its not piano lessons or dance classes. Nowadays,
