1、小升初疑问句祈使句therebe感叹句定从宾从状从讲解及练习小学英语基本语法与练习 简单句知识要点根据句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来。1)简单句的五种基本句型1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) S + V 如：The children are playing happily.2. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 S+V+O 如：The Greens enjoy living in China.3. 主语+谓语+表语 S+V+P该句型谓语动词为连系动词。常见的系动词有：be(是)； get(变得),
2、become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎) 等The apple pie tastes really delicious.4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 S+V+InO+DO这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。如： My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me. I passed him
3、the salt. = I passed the salt to him.5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 S+V+O+OC We must keep our school clean.练习：用五个英语的基本句型各造3个英语句子1.S + V_2. S+V+O_3.S+V+P _4.S+V+InO+DO _5.S+V+O+OC_2）一般疑问句一般疑问句对全句提出疑问，用yes或no回答。其结构为：be动词(is, am, was, were)或情态动词(can, will, shall)或助动词(do, does, did)+主语+其他？通常译为.吗？如：Are you a student?
4、 Can you sing an English song? Did they watch TV last night?练习：I. 将下列句子改为一般疑问句。1-4句作肯定回答，5-7句作否定回答。1. My sister is older than Mary._2. They like collecting leaves._3. Mr Green was here yesterday._4. We took lots of pictures last week._5. Jim does well in English._6. She can sing and dance._7. There
5、are some sheep on the hill._II根据所给答语，选择相应的问句。( )1.Yes, I do. A. Is it time to have a lesson?( )2. No, you cant. B. Do you often go to the supermarket ?( )3. No, she isnt. C. Are their friends from different countries?( )4. Yes, they are. D. Is Nancy a Japanese girl?( )5. No, its time to have a rest.
6、 E. Can I play the piano now?( )6. No, he didnt. F. Did Sam run faster than Tom three years ago?III. 根据实际情况回答问题。1. Are you a student?_2. Is your mum a nurse?_3. Do you like English?_4. Are there any Japanese students in your school?_5. Would you like some apples?_知识要点3）特殊疑问句特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词引导，针对句子中的某一个具体
7、部分提问，要求作具体回答。特殊疑问句的结构一般是：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序？我们所用的对划线部分提问的题目就是将陈述句转变为特殊疑问句。练习：对下列句中画线部分内容提问。1. Her uncle is John._.2. Her uncles name is John._.3. They go to school at about 7:00 every morning._.4. My father is a driver._.5. They are going to fly kites in the park._.6. Its about four kilometers away from
8、here._.7. My father is cleaning the car._.8. The woman in the car is my aunt._.感叹句感叹句是用来表达较为强烈的情感如惊讶、喜悦等的句子。英语中的感叹句常用What或How来引导，它们与所修饰的词位于句首，其他部分用陈述句语序，如：What a cold, snowy day!How interesting! 那么，What与How怎么来引导感叹句呢？下面我们逐个分析。What: 我们早在“What is your name?”问句中就认识what了。当然，what除了可以引导疑问句之外，还可以引导感叹句。由what
9、引导的感叹句是用来强调修饰名词的，名词前可有其他的定语成分(即形容词或冠词)。单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a / an，复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。在使用过程中，常用的句型有：1What + a / an +adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其他成分！例如: What a strong boy he is! 他是多么壮的一个小伙子啊！ What an honest girl Mary is!玛丽是一个多么诚实的小女孩啊！2What +adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！例如: What brave soldiers they are! 这些士兵们真勇敢啊！What
10、 fine weather it is today! 今天的天气真不错啊！How: 同样在学“How are you”的时候我们就已经学过how了，它既可以引导疑问句，当“怎么样”讲，还可以引导感叹句！不过，与what不同的是，how引导的感叹句是用来强调修饰形容词或副词的。修饰形容词时，句中的谓语动词用系动词，如am, is等；修饰副词时，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，如fly, run等。在使用过程中，常用的句型有：1How + adj.+ a / an +名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！例如: How exciting a football match it is! 多么振奋人心的一场球赛啊！
11、How kind an old man he is! 他是一位多么善良的老人啊！2How + adj./adv.+ 主语+谓语+其他成分！例如: How tall Yao Ming is! 姚明真高啊！How fast the dragonfly flies! 蜻蜓飞得真快啊！感叹句操练场一 操练第一式：用What或How来补全以下的感叹句。1. _ a pretty girl she is! 2. _ quickly the boy is running!3. _ kind teachers they are! 4. _ clever the baby is!5. _ I miss my h
12、ometown (家乡)!二 操练第二式：从所给的四个选项中选出正确的填空。What What a What an How1. _ happy I am! 2. _ sad child he is!3. _ hot water it is! 4. _ hard they study!5. _ able (能干的) young man he is!三 操练第三式：按要求对下列句子进行句型转换。 1. He listened to his teacher carefully. (该为感叹句) _ _ he listened to his teacher! 2. What a clever monk
13、ey it is! (该为同义句) _ _ a monkey it is! 3. The food is very nice. (该为感叹句) _ _ food it is! 4. How sadly they are crying! (该为陈述句) They _ _ _. 5. The Christmas tree is beautiful. (该为感叹句) _ _ the Christmas tree is!四 操练第四式：单项选择1. _ girl she is! A. What bright a B. How a bright C. How bright a D. What brigh
14、t2. _ weather we have today! A. A fine B. What a fine C. How a fine D. What fine3. _ careless he is! A. What B. How C. So much D. How much4. _ from Beijing to London! A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is5. Oh, John, _ you gave us! A. How a ple
15、asant surprise B. How pleasant surpriseC. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise 6. _ useful work they have done! A. What B. How C. What a D. What an.祈使句1 祈使句概述 祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等的句子。祈使句习惯上常常省略主语，句末用感叹句或问句，朗读时一般用降调。根据用途和功能，祈使句可以分为下面几类：（1）表示请求 （2）表示命令 （3）表示提醒、劝告或警告 （4）表示禁止 （5）表示建议 (6) 表
16、示邀请上课时常会听到这样的句子：(1) Please stand up! (2) Sit down,please ! (3). Look at the blackboard!(4) Nont speak loudly! (5）Listen to me carefully! (6）Stop talking .这些都为祈使句。2祈使句的形式 1. 祈使句的肯定式在祈使句的肯定式中，谓语动词要用原形。如： Look at the blackboard ! 2. 祈使句的否定式在祈使句的否定式中，谓语用“dont / never+动词原形”的形式。如：Dont worry. Never mind! 3
17、. 祈使句的let式以let引导的祈使句，常用于第一人称和第三人称，表示建议。这类祈使句的形式是“let + 人称代词（宾格）+ 动词原形”。如：Let me see. 4. 祈使句的强调式在祈使句中的强调式中，动词原形加do.表示强调。如：Do study hard at school. 5.不含动词的祈使句不含动词的祈使句是祈使句的特殊形式，这种祈使句只由一个单词、词组或短语组成。如：(1) Quick ! （2） No smoking.随堂练习：1.给下列标志选择恰当的英文标志语。A.No parking B.No smoking C.No fishing D. No drinking
18、E. No photos F. No swimming 2.下列句子，是祈使句的在括号内填上“Y”，否则填“N”。 （1). Look out! ( ) (2). Be careful with the glasses. ( ) (3). How nice ! ( ) (4). Happy New Year ! ( ) (5). Thank goodness ! ( ) (6). Lets go to the seaside. ( ) (7). Goodbye, John! ( ) (8). What a terrible day ! ( ) (9). Go down his street a
19、nd turn right. ( ) (10). Wash your hands before the meal. ( )3将下列祈使句变为否定句。 1. Give me some apples. _. 2. Lets clean the classroom. _. 3. Please watch TV. _. 四. 将下列句子改成祈使句。 1. You must not look out of the window. _ _ _ _ the window. 2. You may let the children play the piano. _ _ _play the piano. 3.
20、You must be polite to the elder. _ _ _ _ _. 4. You shouldnt drive too fast. _ _ _ _. There be 结构1There be 结构概述 There 被结构又叫存在句，它是英语中一种常见的句型结构，表示“在某地存在某物（某人）或在某事发生的事”。这一结构以引导词 there开始，后常接动词be的各种形式，然后才是主语，主语之后常有表示时间和地点的状语。这种结构中的there本身无词义，其后的动词be具有“存在”的；意思，可用于各种一般时态和完成时态。 注意：there be 结构表示“存在的有.”，即某处有某物
21、（某人）；have表示“某人拥有某物”，即所属关系。2There be机构的形成 1. There be结构的肯定式 There be 结构的肯定式表示“在某地存在某物（某人）或在某时发生某事”，它主要有以下两种结构形式：（1）“there is + 可数名词单数/ 不可数名词+地点/时间状语”。如：There is a book on the desk. 桌子上有一本书。 There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有些水（2). There are +可数名词复数+地点/时间状语。 如：There are some flowers in the vase.
22、花瓶里有一些花 2. There be结构的否定式 There be 结构的否定式是在谓语动词后加“not (any)”或“no”,表示“没有”之意。如：There are not any/ no flowers in the vase. (花瓶里没有花） 3. There be 结构的疑问式 There be 结构变成疑问式时，要把be动词提前，构成“Be there +.”的形式。陈述句中，如果some，在疑问句中要用any。 (1). 一般疑问句只需要be动词提到there 前。如： Is there a computer in your room? Yes, there is. / N
23、o, there isnt.（2). 特殊疑问句由“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”构成，如： How many trees are there in your garden ?注意：在实际使用中，应该对以下几个方面：1. There be结构可用于一般时态和完成时态，因而此结构中be 动词会有不同的的形式2. 当 there be 结构的主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，be动词要与离它最近的名词保持一致随堂练习：1选词填空.(可以重复使用） 1. _ not any pandas in the forest.2. _something interesting in the book?3. _an or
24、ange on the tree.4. _a meeting yesterday.5. Excuse me,_ a bathroom near here?6. Tom,_any apple trees in the garden?7. _ 200 people present (出席）at the meeting last Friday.8. -_any coffee in the cup？ -Yes, _.9. -_any trees in the picture? -No, _.10. _ some money in my pocket.2选择填空1. _ an expensive ring in the box. A. There was B. There were C. There is D. There are 2. There _some milk in the glass, but the glass is empty now. A.are B.is C.were D.was3. Th
