1、牛津译林版第一讲9AU1 同步讲义含答案9AU1 Know yourself 一、重点词汇单词creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的 curious adj.好奇的energetic adj.精力充沛的 modest adj.谦虚的organized( also organised) adj.有条理的；有效率的order n顺序 argue vi辩论，争论born adj.天生的 impress vt给留下印象sculpture n雕塑，雕像 praise n赞扬，表扬accountant n会计 born adj.天生的upset adj.情绪低落的，沮丧的general adj.总
2、的；普遍的 race n竞赛；赛跑lead n主角，扮演主角的演员challenge n挑战 chief adj.主要的，首要的high-speed adj.高速的 connect vt连接miss n错误，过失 attention n注意，专心standard n标准 pioneer n先锋，开拓者surgeon n外科大夫 carelessness n粗心extra adj.额外的；附加的devote vt，把贡献，把专用于respect vt.尊敬，敬重 personality n个性suitable adj.合适的；适宜的impatient adj.不耐烦的，急躁的 lunar adj
3、.阴历的 calendar n日历；挂历animal sign n. 生肖 represent vt象征appear vi出现 fixed adj.固定的cycle v循环 powerful adj.有力的；强大的lively adj.活泼的；生气勃勃的practical adj.实际的 loyal adj.忠诚的mood n心情，情绪 divide vi& vt分开，分shape vt使成形，塑造 speech n演说，讲话，发言monitor n班长 position n，职位词组1share. with与某人分享 2eat up吃光3keep in good order按照顺序放好4sh
4、ow off炫耀5explain.to向某人解释6come up with想出（主意）；追上，赶上7be curious about对感到好奇8argue with与某人争吵9either. or不是就是；或者或者10. neither. nor既不也不11.a born artist 一个天生的艺术家12. win high praise from 赢得高度赞扬13. search for寻找 14. give up放弃15. sales department销售部 16. work with与谁工作17take the lead处于领先地位 18. fall behind落后19. con
5、nect to/with与相连，连接20. as good as和几乎一样，简直是21. pay attention to关注22. be willing to乐意 23. in fact事实上24devote. to将奉献给25. be known for因为而出名26. take part in参加 27. animal sign生肖28. depend on依赖于，取决于 29. star sign星座30divide into将分成31. agree with sb同意（某人）看法Comic strips & Welcome to the unit1. It says some peo
6、ple are generous. 上面说有些人很大方。Say 及物动词，意为“说；写着；显示”，指书面材料或可见的东西提供的信息。例如：The clock said five oclock. 时钟显示五点整。2. It makes them feel good to share things with others. 与他人分享东西使他们感觉良好。（1）make sb.do sth 使某人做某事例如：This dress makes me look fat. 这件衣服我穿着显胖。（2）feel 作连系动词，其后面通常接形容词作表语，不用于进行时态。3. Hobo, youve eaten u
7、p my breakfast! 霍波， 你把我的早饭吃光了！eat up（1） eat all of 吃光Make sure the children eat their vegetables up！一定要让孩子们把蔬菜吃光。After working all afternoon，we quickly ate up all of the dinner.我们整整干了一个下午以后，一会儿就把饭吃光了。（2）use all of用完；消耗Extravagance ate up his inheritance奢侈的生活耗尽了他继承的遗产。The central heating eats up a lo
8、t of electricity暖气耗费大量的电力。Idle talk had eaten up the hour before they knew it闲谈不知不觉地把他们的时间都耗掉了。4. She keeps all her things in good order. 她使她的东西保持尽然有序。keep. in good order 使.保持尽然有序5. Daniel is very clever, but he is modest and never shows off.show off 炫耀 show off 可以单独使用，后面也可跟宾语。拓展 ：show 的其他常用短语 show
9、sb. sth = show sth to sb. 给某人看某物 show sb. around 带领某人参观 show up 出现，露面 on show 展览6. I think I can be a good teacher or a good doctor. 我认为我可以成为一名好老师或好医生。or 连词， 意为“或； 或者；还是”，用于引出另一种可能性。拓展：or 的其他常见用法（1）用于否定句。提出两种或多种事物。意为“也不”。例: I cant sing or dance. 我不会唱歌也不会跳舞。（2）用于警告或忠告，意为“否则，不然”例: Hurry up, we will be
10、 late. 快点，否则我们要迟到了。（3）用于两个数字之间表示约略数目， 意为“大约”。例：There are six or seven children in the room. 房间里大约六七个孩子。Reading1. Wu Wei, the young artist, has impressed the whole country with his creative work.whole 此处用作形容词，意为“全部的；整体的； 完全的； 所有的”，用于名词前作定语。辨析：whole 与allwhole 通常修饰可数名词单数，一般不修饰不可数名词。位于定冠词,指示代词，物主代词及名词所有
11、格之后。all 修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词， 位于定冠词，指示代词，物主代词及名词所有格之前。2. His sculptures for Sunshine Town Square have won high praise from the art community. 他创作的阳光城广场雕塑已赢得了艺术界的高度赞扬。praise n. 表扬，赞扬（不可数名词） vt.赞扬 praise sb. for sth. 表扬某人某事拓展:Proud骄傲的，自豪的（形容词），pride骄傲，自豪（名词）。be proud of 以.为荣; 以.自豪take pride in 以.自豪同样的意思，但可以
12、看出名词和形容词的用法是有差异的。形容词前用be动词.Win 和beat的区别：win所接的宾语一般是比赛，战斗，辩论，奖金等名词或赢得的荣誉。beat 所接的宾语是参加比赛的人，团体等。3.so I am always searching for something better or different. 所以我总是搜寻更好的或与众不同的东西。be always doing sth 意为“总是做某事”。always 与进行时连用时，常表示说话人的某种情绪，如赞扬，责备，不满等。4. You either take the lead or fall behind. 你要么领先，要么落后。Ei
13、ther or 表示对两事物或情况的选择，连接相同的句子成分。I think he is either American or English. 我认为他不是美国人就是英国人。take the lead 处于领先地位fall behind 落后 5. Liu Tao is the chief engineer of the high-speed railway connecting Sunshine Town to Tianjin. 刘皓是连接阳光城和天津高速铁路的总工程师。connect 此处作及物动词，意为“连接”， connect.to/with 意为“与.相连，连接”。6. We ca
14、nt afford to make any mistakes. 我们承担不起任何错误（所造成的后果）afford 及物动词，意为“承担得起后果”。afford 也表示“买得起，能支付”，通常与can, could , be able to连用，常用于否定句或一般疑问句中。例：I cant afford to miss the chance. 我不能再失去这次机会了。7. As a doctor, you cant be too careful. 作为一名医生，再怎么仔细也不为过。cant too.是常用表达，意为“无论怎么样也不过分”例如：You cant praise the film ve
15、ry much. 这部电影值得大加赞赏。8. She has devoted most of her time to her work. 她把她的大部分时间用于工作。devote(1)devote用作及物动词，意为“把献给；把用在”，常与介词to搭配，构成devote . to .结构，介词to之后跟名词或动词-ing形式。如：例如：I dont think we should devote any more time to this question.我认为我们不应该在这个问题上花更多的时间。He devoted his whole life to teaching.他把毕生精力献给了教学。
16、联想 devoted adj. 忠实的 (2) devote oneself to 致力于，献身于例如： For four years he devoted himself to music.四年来，他全力倾注于音乐。He devoted himself to helping the poor.他献身于帮助穷人。 9. Liu Taos team members find it difficult to work with them.find it+形容词+to do sth.”意为“发现做某事很.”, 其中it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是形容词后面的动词不定式。例如：I found it bo
17、ring to play computer games. 我发现玩电脑游戏很无聊。Grammar1. and/ but /or/ soand：和；而且；又；然后表示联合，意为“和”、“又”、“而且” 有时用于连接两个相同的词语，表示事物连续性The train ran faster and faster. 火车开得越来越快but 用法：(1)but 用法连词，表示让步关系，意思是“除非，要不是”，常与that一起构成but that, 相当于if.not。 例如：I would have failed but that your helped me.要不是你们帮助我，我就会失败(2)but用于
18、否定词加doubt, question, deny等到之后，没有实在意义，只相当于关系连词that. 例如： Theres no doubt but he is a thief.毫无疑问，他是一个贼。 (3)but用作介词，表示“除了”意义，相当于besides, except.例如：No one knows him but she. 除了她，没有人认识她。 so：所以 用法：(1).so可以用作连词，表示“因此，所以”。 例：I heard some noise outside, so I went out of the room to see why. so that作为连词词组，表示 “
19、以便，为了”。 例：The vase is put high on the table, so that it wont be broken. (2) so可以用作副词，表示 1)“如此，这么”结构为：so+adj./adv 例：She was so tired that she fell asleep very fast. 表示此意思时，还可以用：so+adj.+a/an+n. 例：It is so good a movie that everyone who saw it praises it very much. 2)“如此，如是”，用于表示已经提到的想法，建议或情况等 例：“Will
20、I need my umbrella?” “I think so.” 3)“也是，也一样”结构为so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语 例：Tony takes exercise every day and so does his younger brother. 注意否定句应把so改为neither/nor，结构为neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语 例：Jenny has never been late for class.Neither/Nor her younger brother. 4)“确实是这样”，表示对前面陈述事实的强调，结构为so+主语+助动词/情态动词/
21、be动词 例：Tony works very hard at all the subjects.So he does. or：或；否则 Hurry up， or youll be late.快点，否则就要迟到了。这里or表示“否则，不然的话”You may do it yourself， or ask someone else to do it.你可以自己做，也可以要别人做。这里or就是表选择。”或者“的意思。连接两个成分（名词，短语或句子。）He hardly ever goes to the cinema or the theatre.他几乎从来不去电影院或剧院。这里的or肯定也表示选择了
22、。2. both and/not onlybut(also)/eitheror/neithernor not only. but (also). 1. not only. but (also).在句中常用来连接两个对等的成分，also可以省略。如：She speaks Russian not only in class but (also) at home.她在课堂上和家里都说俄语。 【拓展】 2. not only. but (also). 用来连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单、复数遵循“就近原则”，即和but (also)后的名词或代词的数一致。如：Not only you but also
23、he is tired of having one examination after another.不但你，而且他也讨厌一次接一次的考试。3. not only. but (also). 连接两个分句，当not only位于句首，前一个分句常用倒装来表示强调，而but (also)后的分句仍用陈述语序。如：Not only does Miss Li like music, but (also) she likes sports. 李小姐不但喜欢音乐，而且还喜欢体育。【注意】使用中注意两点：1、就近。指谓语形式取决于离它近的主语。Not only the students but also
24、the teacher reads English every day.2、一致。not only 与 but also后面所接的词类要一致。She can not only sing but also dance. 【用法小结】1. not only but also 应连接两个相对称的并列成分。例如： Not only Mr Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago. （连接两个主语） I not only play tennis but also practise shooting. （连接两个谓语动词） He plays n
25、ot only the piano but also the violin. （连接两个宾语） They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory. （连接两个地点状语）【注】 1）.She not only sings well but also dances beautifully. = She doesnt only sing well but also dances beautifully.2）.句子 He not only plays the piano but also the violin 不是好的文体，因
26、为 but also 之后的成分与 not only 之后的成分不对称。2. not only but also 连接两个分句，并且 not only 位于句首时，第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。例如： Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat. Not only did he speak English correctly， but also he speaks it fluently. Not only is this young man clever but also he is hardworking
27、.3. not only but also 不能用在否定句中。例如：误： They dont fear not only hardship but also death.正： They fear neither hardship nor death.正： They dont fear either hardship or death.4. not only but also 连接两个主语时，谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。例如：Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. / Not only t
28、he teacher but also the students were against the plan.5. not only but also 中的 not only 不能分开使用，但 but also 却可以分开使用。例如： The area was not only hit by an unexpected heavy rain， but some bridges were also washed away.6. not only but also 连接两个并列成分时，可以省略 but 或 also ，也可以把 but also 都省略掉。例如：I not only heard i
29、t but （ also ） saw it.He was not only compelled（被迫） to stay at home，（ but ） also forbidden（禁止） to see his friend.She not only finished the task ahead of time， （ but also ） she came to help us.both.and. 我们使用both.and. 来强调某事不仅仅对一个人，一件事或一种情况是对的，对另一个人，另一件事或另一种情况也是对的。例如：Both Kitty and I have known somethi
30、ng about the four people. 基蒂和我都了解这四个人的一些事情。eitheror. 或者.或者.我们使用either.or.来说明一个或另一个，这个或那个，他或她等。例如：You either take the lead or fall behind. 你要么领先要么落后。neithernor 既不也不.Neither my parents nor I think I can make a good accountant. 我父母和我都认为我不能成为一名好会计。Integrated skills1. 12 in all 总共12个in all 总共，总计例如：There were twelve of us in all for dinner. 我们总共12个人吃饭。拓展：(1)notat all 一点也不；完全不例如：I didnt enjoy the party at all. 我一点也不喜欢那个聚会。（2）not at all 不用谢（3）after all 毕竟，终归 So you made it after a
