1、Unit103第十单元专题103Grammar八年级英语人教版下册Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years.课时3 Grammar 现在完成时（三） 含有since和for的现在完成时态 since和for是现在完成时当中常见的标志词。since“自从”，for“持续了”。since用来说明动作的开始时间，for用来说明动作延续的时间长度考点1 since和for是现在完成时的重要标志Something _ in our hometown since 2014. Now it _ very modern. A. is changed; is looke
2、d B. has changed; looks C. changed; looks【答案】B 【解析】本题用寻找题眼法。根据since可知第一句用现在完成时；由now可知第二句应用一般现在时。考点2 since和for的用法（1）since的用法 since+过去的时间点。如：年、月、日、几点等 since 1990 自从1990年起 since 5 oclock 自从五点起 since+ 时间段+ ago since 3 months ago 自从三个月以前 since+ 一般过去时的从句 since you left home 自从你离开家以后 My grandparents _ in t
3、hat city since 2008. A. will live B. live C. have lived D. were living【答案】C【解析】句意：我的祖父母从2008年就生活在哪个城市里。since过去的时间点是现在完成时的标志。 Im looking after Tom today. Hes been in my house _ 8：00 this morning. A. at B. since C. for D. till【答案】B【解析】句意：我今天一直在家照看汤姆。从今天早上8点钟起他就一直在我家了。8:00 this morning是一个过去的时间点。since后接
4、过去的时间点表示过去的动作延续至今，用于现在完成时态。（2）since的一个固定句式“It is时间段since一般过去时的从句”。 It is five years since I came here. 我来这儿5年了。（3）for的用法：for时间段Did you see Tom yesterday?No，I _ him for a long time. A. didnt see B. hasnt seen C. saw D. havent seen【答案】D【解析】本题用寻找题眼法。根据for a long time可知用现在完成时，且主语是第一人称，故用助动词have。（4）在现在完成
5、时当中，若对since和for引导的时间状语进行提问，都可以用how long来提问。_ have you lived in Lanzhou?Since my parents found jobs here. A. How long B. How far C. How soon D. How old【答案】A【解析】考查how词组辨析。how long多久，提问时间段；how far多远，提问距离；how soon多久以后，提问将来的时间，答语常用in一段时间；how old多大，提问年龄。根据答语可知，问句是对时间段提问。（5）since和for的句式转换： since时间段agofor时间
6、段 They havent changed since twenty years ago. They havent changed for twenty years. 他们已经二十年没有改变了。考点3 延续性动词、短暂性动词与since, for 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作。短暂性动词表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。(1) 若现在完成时的句子中含表示时间段的时间状语(如含since/for引导的时间状语)，则谓语只能使用延续性动词。The boy misses his parents very much.So he does. They _ the hometown for ne
7、arly two years. A. have left B. will leave C. have been away from【答案】C【解析】由for nearly two years可知用现在完成时态；动词leave是非延续性动词，在完成时中要转换为be away from。(2) 短暂性动词可以转化为延续性动词直接换成延续性动词 buy买have有 borrow借keep保留 put on穿上wear穿着 come/go/become来/去/变成be在/是转换成be名词 join the army参军be a soldier当兵 join the Party 入党be a Party
8、 member成为一名党员 go to school去上学be a student成为一名学生转换成be形容词/副词 die死亡be dead死了 finish结束be over结束 begin开始be on 在上映/已开始 leave离开be away远离的 fall asleep入睡be asleep睡着的 close关闭be closed关着的转换成be介词短语 go to school去上学be in school在上学 join the army参军be in the army在军队中 Her son _the army for two months. She misses him
9、very much. A. has joined B. has been in C. joined D. was in【答案】B【解析】本题用寻找题眼法。该句中“for two months”为持续性时间状语，故要把非延续性动词转换成延续性动词。join应该转换成be in/ be a member of，其现在完成时结构为has/ have been in或has/ have been a member of。考点4 现在完成时和一般过去时的转换 由延续性动词构成的现在完成时的句子可与由非延续性动词构成的句子相互转换。 I have kept the book for five days.
10、I borrowed the book five days ago. 我五天前借的这本书。 Mary came to China three years ago.(改为同义句) Mary _ _ in China since three years ago.【答案】has been. 用for或since将下列句子改为同义句1. Helen left two hour ago. Helen has been away _ _ _.2. Jack has a toy car and he got it on his twelfth birthday. Jack has owned the toy
11、 car _ _ _ _.3. She arrived there at four oclock and she is still there. She has been there _ _ _.4. Paul didnt phone me after he went to Berlin. Paul hasnt phoned me _ _ _ _ Berlin.5. Toms grandpa died ten years ago. Toms grandpa has been dead _ _ _. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词1. 自从去年冬天，我就没有收到过她的信。 I havent he
12、ard from her _ _ _.2. 我们已经在这里等了半个小时了。 Weve already waited here _ _ _ _.3. 他们在这个城市生活了十五年了。 Theyve lived in this city _ _ _.4. 自从这周二开始，他就一直没去学校上学。 He hasnt gone to school _ _ Tuesday.5. 这个孩子生病住院五天了。 The child has been ill in hospital _ _ _. 句型转换1. They have been here since 2000(对画线部分提问) _ _ have they
13、been here?2. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改为同义句) This factory_ _ _ for twenty years.3. Miss Gao left an hour ago.(改为同义句) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.4. Her mother has been a Party member for three years.(改为同义句) Her mother _ the Party three years _.5. The Green family moved to France two ye
14、ars ago.(改为同义句) The Green family _ _ _ France _ two years.6. His father ever played tennis on the school team.（改为一般疑问句） _ his father ever _tennis on the school team?7. The Hands have stayed in Nanjing for two years. （对画线部分提问） _ _ _ the Hands _ in Nanjing?8. I have known Peter for six years.（改为同义句） I
15、 have known Peter _ six years _. 单项选择1. (2018湖南湘潭) My cousin 100 model planes since 2015. A. collects B. is collecting C. has collected2. (2018湖南湘西) Where do you live. Lin Tao? I live in Beijing now. I _here for ten years. A. moved B. have moved C. have been3.（2018上海中考)The film Operation Red Sea _ a
16、 lot of praise since its first show months ago. A. wins B. win C. will win D. has won4.(2018湖北黄冈) Yournewwatchissonice!Whendidyoubuyit? InApril.I _itfortwomonths. A.havehad B.had C. havebought D.bought5.（2018广西桂林）Daming _in this place since two years ago. A. have lived B. has lived C. lives6. (2018北
17、京）Lucy, is your uncle a teacher? Yes, he is. He _ history for nearly 20 years. A. teaches B. has taught C. is teaching D. will teach7. (黑龙江齐齐哈尔) He _ the city since he graduated(毕业) from college. A. has left B. left C. has been away from 8. (海南) Uncle Liang _ in Haikou since 1980, so he knows a lo t
18、 about the city. A. is living B. has lived C. lived 9. (江西) The water dark and dirty . Its no longer safe to drink A. became B. has become C. will become D. was becoming 10.（上海）This medicine millions of peoples lives since it was put into use. A. is saving B. will save C. has saved D. had saved11.（黔
19、东南州）The bus _ for five minutes when Tim arrived at the station. A. went B. has left C. had left D. had been away12. (北京)Its nice to see you again. We _ each other since 2014. A. wont see B. dont see C. havent seen D. didnt see13. (遂宁)_ have you been in Suining? I have been in the city for nine years
20、. A. How long B. How often C. How far 14. (黔西南)Michael _ his hometown for a long time. He really misses it! A. left B. has left C. was away from D. has been away from. 完形填空 Dogs are very popular pets all over the world. Some people keep dogs because the dogs can help them. Some dogs can _ peoples ho
21、use. They can also help a _ man by leading him to places where he needs to go. Other people keep dogs as pets _ they feel lonely sometimes. Almost 33 percent of the families in the USA and England have dogs, and these dogs come in _ shapes and sizes. By all accounts, the largest dog in the world is
22、a dog named Zorba. It is a mastiff (獒犬) that lives in London, England. _ it was seven years old in 1989, it was 92.5 centimetres tall. In _ words, it was more than half as tall as an adult man. At its_, Zorba weighed more than a heavyweight boxer at 156 kg. The _ dog was a Yorkshire terrier from Eng
23、land. This dog was only the _of a matchbox measuring five centimetres tall and eight centimetres from nose to_.1. A. protect B. manage C. renew D. touch2. A. spare B. blind C. tired D. busy3. A. for B. so C. because D. as if4. A. large B. wide C. deep D. different5. A. If B. Where C. Why D. When6. A
24、. another B. other C. some D. else7. A. ugliest B. loneliest C. largest D. tallest8. A. youngest B. tiniest C. oldest D. hugest9. A. height B. weight C. size D. army10. A. top B. bottom C. back D. tailVI. 短文填空 All of us know that breakfast is very 1 nessr to us. It is 2 of the most important meals o
25、f the day. To keep 3 (health), everyone should have a good breakfast. 4 (eat)the right food is good for our health. We can have eggs, bread, milk and other food 5 breakfast. Many students go to school without breakfast. 6 bkz they get up late or their parents dont cook for them. Its 7 for their heal
26、th. Without breakfast children may not 8 grfast and may not study and play very well at school. They may be easier to get 9 (ill). And when theyre ill, it will 10 (take) them a long time to recover（恢复）. I think everyone should have some good eating habits. 用for或since将下列句子改为同义句1. for two hours 2. sin
27、ce his twelfth birthday 3. since four oclock4. since he went to 5. for ten years. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词1. since last winter 2. for half an hour 3. for fifteen years4. since this 5. for five days . 句型转换1. How long 2. has been open 3. has been away since4. joined; ago 5. has been in for 6. Has; played7. How
28、 long have; stayed 8. since; ago . 单项选择1. C 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：从2015年起我的表哥已经收集了一百个飞机模型。since 2015意为“自从2015年起”，表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作或状态，因此句子应用现在完成时。2. C 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：林涛，你住在哪里？现在我住在北京。我住在这里已经10年了。由for ten years可推知用完成时，排除A；和“一段时间”连用，完成时的谓语动词用延续性动词been，故选C。3. D 【解析】考查动词时态的用法。句意：自从几个月前的第一次演出以来，电影红海行动获得了很多好评。根据后面的时间状语since its first show mo
