1、TPO32阅读详细答案Plant Colonization第一段分析介绍Colonization是植物改变一个地区生态的方法Colonization的组成：invasion and survivalColonization的成功：a site available for colonization第二段分析介绍invasion与extinction速度不同植物有所不同。 Pioneer species的特点：large numbers of reproductive propagules第三段分析植物传递种子的两种方式数量多，个头小：wind数量小，个头大：birds or small mamm
2、als第四段分析植物Colonization的适应性：variation in germination第五段分析植物succession取决于eventsoccurring at different stages文章结构分析第1题解析：真实信息题。答案A 与原文信息Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization-a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees ha
3、s either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established相符迷惑选项 B 偷换概念，原文信息为reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level而不是increases negative interactions with other
4、organisms on the site. C 原文无提及该信息 D 信息杂糅，原文提及fertility of a site但是原文没有将Disturbance reduces fertility联系起来第2题解析：词汇题。答案A Virtually意为“事实上，几乎；实质上”故选A: almost totally迷惑选项 B usually意为“通常，经常” C consistently 意为“一贯地；一致地；坚实地” D unnaturally 意为“故意地；违反习俗地；不合乎自然规律地”第3题解析：修辞目的题。答案C 该信息起解释说明的作用，相当于举例，服务的对象为For a giv
5、en rate of invasion, colonization of a moist, fertile site is likely to be much more rapid than that of a dry, infertile site because of poor survival on the latter.迷惑选项 A 原文无提及该信息 B 混淆原文的关系，原文提及the kind of sites that may be invaded by weeds，但是提及a construction site是说明不能被植物生存的环境 D 与原文相矛盾，原文信息为the soi
6、l has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation即不能改种soil不能生存植物第4题解析：词汇题。答案C Despite意为“尽管，不管.”故选C: even though迷惑选项 A without意为“没有” B almost never意为“几乎永不” D perhaps意为“或许，大概”第5题解析：句子简化题。答案B 原句分为两层，因果关系。第一层：Pioneer species有很高的入侵比率。第二层
7、：原因是产生大量的果实以及有更有效率的传播方式迷惑选项 A 句内信息的杂糅，原文提及相应信息，但是彼此之间关系是错误的，原句主体是Pioneer species有很高的入侵比率的原因 C 句内信息的杂糅，原文无提及produce their largest numbers of propagules during the earliest stages of their colonization的关系，原文关系为Pioneer species-those that occur only in the earliest stages of colonization D 句内逻辑错误，原句描述主体
8、为Pioneer species有很高的入侵比率而不是Pioneer species reproduce very quickly and efficiently第6题解析：推理判断题。答案B 因果类Infer.原文信息为Many plants depend on wind for dispersal and produce abundant quantities of small, relatively short-lived seeds to compensate for the fact that wind is not always a reliable means of reachi
9、ng the appropriate type of habitat. Alternative strategies have evolved in some plants, such as those that produce fewer but larger seeds that are dispersed to suitable sites by birds or small mammals or those that produce long-lived seeds，因果关系为小种子产生的多来弥补风传播不稳定的影响，大种子产生的少故采用动物传播，大小的对比说明大种子不能用风传播迷惑选项
10、 B,C 原文均无提及该信息 D 偷换概念，原文信息为those that produce long-lived seeds而不是Large seeds are short-lived第7题解析：指代题。答案D 结合原文语意关系判定，指代前文that are dispersed to suitable sites by birds or small mammals or those that produce long-lived seeds的信息第8题解析：词汇题。答案A Viable意为“可行的；能养活的；能生育的”故选A: able to survive迷惑选项 B individual意
11、为“个体的，个人的，独特的” C large意为“大的，多数的，广博的” D remaining意为“留下的，遗留的，剩下的”第9题解析：修辞目的题。答案C 该信息起支持论证的作用，服务的对象为Many forest plants seem to exhibit the latter adaptation, and viable seeds of pioneer species can be found in large numbers on some forest floors.迷惑选项 A,D 原文均无提及该信息 B 偷换概念，原文提到pioneer species can be foun
12、d in large numbers on some forest floors但是无提及prefer forest floors for colonization purposes第10题解析：真实信息题。答案D 与原文信息Seeds of a given species exhibit a wide range of germination dates, increasing the probability that at least some of the seeds will germinate during a period of favorable environmental co
13、nditions.相符迷惑选项 A 偷换概念，原文信息为at least some of the seeds will germinate during a period of favorable environmental conditions而不是seeds only during favorable climatic conditions B,C 原文均无提及该信息第11题解析：词汇题。答案D Abundant意为“大量的，许多的”故选D: plentiful迷惑选项 A new意为“新的，新鲜的” B improved意为“改进的，进步的“ C suitable意为“适当的；相配的”第
14、12题解析：真实信息题。答案B 与原文信息Variation in rates of invasion and growth plays an important role in determining patterns of succession, especially secondary succession相符迷惑选项 A,C,D原文均无提及该信息第13题解析：句子插入题。答案C 被插入句子前接they指代的对象，后接与require relatively little protection or nutrients.相关的内容第14题The ecology of a site is c
15、hanged through its colonization by new plants that arrive and grow there.1 4 6Answer Choices species that first colonize a disturbed site are typically ones that produce a large number of efficiently dispersed seeds. 解析：典型能够殖民成功植物的特点 that cannot successfully compete with other species can invade and
16、 colonize a site only if it is fertile and moist, such as a plowed field. 解析：细节性质的选项 species arrive at a site first but have lower survival rates than do species that arrive later. 解析：细节性质的选项 seeds that germinate at various times over long periods allows some plants to colonize sites that only occas
17、ionally present the right conditions for growth. 解析：植物适应性的体现variation in germination, long-lived seeds tend to result in large seed banks with short germination periods requiring favorable environmental conditions for development. 解析：细节性质的选项 successive appearance and disappearance of species on a si
18、te is a result of variation in species rates of invasion, growth, and survival. 解析：影响植物在殖民的各种因素Siam, 第一段分析介绍19世纪晚期泰国发生的变化：old ruling families were being displaced第二段分析介绍当时农村生活的特点第三段分析促进人们开垦更多的土地用来种植的因素一：贸易的开放第四段分析促进人们开垦更多的土地用来种植的因素二：生活的自由第五段分析变化所带来的诸多影响政府入侵乡村的生活乡村手工艺的消息第1题解析：词汇题。答案A Severed意为“切断的；隔断
19、的”故选A: cut off迷惑选项 B viewed意为“观察，观看，考虑” C protected意为“受到保护的” D rescued意为“营救，救援”第2题解析：非真实信息题。答案C 原文无提及该信息迷惑选项 A 对应原文信息为These families were pensioned off (given a sum of money to live on) or simply had their revenues taken away or restricted B 对应原文信息为their sons were enticed away to schools for distric
20、t officers, later to be posted in some faraway province D 对应原文信息为the rulers no longer had a regular base for relations with rural populations第3题解析：真实信息题。答案D 与原文信息According to the governments first census of the rural population, taken in 1905, there were about thirty thousand villages in Siam. This
21、was probably a large increase over the figure even two or three decades earlier, during the late 1800s相符迷惑选项 A 偷换概念，原文提及there were about thirty thousand villages in Siam但是没有提及urban population began to migrate out of the cities B 与原文相矛盾，原文信息为Siams Central Plain in the late 1800s was nowhere near as d
22、ensely settled as it is today而不是as densely populated as it is today C 偷换概念，原文信息为there were wild elephants and tigers roaming the countryside only twenty or thirty miles away而不是wild elephants and tigers sometimes roamed Bangkok第4题解析：词汇题。答案B rice-deficient portions意为“大米缺乏的地方”故选B: the parts that do not
23、 have enough rice迷惑选项 A the parts that consume rice意为“消耗大米的地方” C the parts where rice is grown意为“生长大米的地方” D the parts that depend primarily on rice意为“主要依靠大米的地方”第5题解析：非真实信息题。答案C 原文无提及该信息迷惑选项 A 对应原文信息为and over the same period the average price per kilogram doubled B 对应原文信息为The average annual volume of
24、 rice exported from Siam grew from under 60 million kilograms per year in the late 1850s to more than 660 million kilograms per year at the turn of the century D 对应原文信息为This growth was achieved as the result of the collective decisions of thousands of peasants families to expand the amount of land t
25、hey cultivated, clear and plant new land, or adopt more intensive methods of agriculture.第6题解析：真实信息题。答案C 与原文信息This growth was achieved as the result of the collective decisions of thousands of peasants families to expand the amount of land they cultivated, clear and plant new land, or adopt more int
26、ensive methods of agriculture.相符迷惑选项 A,B,D原文均无提及该信息第7题解析：真实信息题。答案B 与原文信息Under these conditions, it made good sense to thousands of peasant families to in effect work full-time at what they had been able to do only part-time previously because of the requirement to work for the government: grow rice
27、for the market place相符迷惑选项 A 与原文相矛盾，原文信息为the ties that bound rural people to the aristocracy and local ruling elites were greatly reduced C 原文无提及该信息 D 偷换概念，原文提及Peasants now paid a tax on individuals instead of being required to render labor service但是无提及introduced a special tax on rice第8题解析：修辞目的题。答案D
28、 提问两段间的关系，第三段提出主旨Much population movement involved the opening up of new lands for rice cultivation. Two things made this possible and encouraged it to happen后文以及第四段分别描述two things的具体内容第9题解析：词汇题。答案A Dispersed意为“散布的；被分散的；被驱散的”故选A: spread out迷惑选项 B gained power意为“获得力量，获得权力” C adapted意为“适应，习惯” D special
29、ize意为“专门从事；详细说明；特化”第10题解析：词汇题。答案C Compulsory意为“义务的；必修的；被强制的”故选C: required迷惑选项 A foreign意为“外国的，异质的” B formal意为“正式的，拘谨的” D preferred意为“优先的；首选的”第11题解析：真实信息题。答案B 与原文信息As well as can be measured, rural standards of living improved in the Fifth Reign. But the statistical averages mean little when measured
30、 against the harsh realities of peasant life相符迷惑选项 A 无中生有，原文提及信息cattle registration and land deeds and registration for compulsory military service但是不是spend most of the profits from rice growing on registrations C 原文无提及该信息 D 原文无提及该信息第12题解析：真实信息题。答案A 与原文信息the government bureaucracy intruded more and
31、more into village life. Provincial police began to appear, along with district officers and cattle registration and land deeds and registration for compulsory military service相符迷惑选项 B 偷换概念，原文信息为Village handicrafts diminished or died out completely as people bought imported consumer goods，而不是buy certain kinds of imported goods C 无中生有，原文信息为Village handicrafts diminished or died out completely as people bought imported consumer goods但是无提及discouraging the people from making han
