1、三大从句名词性名词性从句从句一一.相关概念相关概念1.名词名词：表示人或事物的名称的词：表示人或事物的名称的词2.名词的句法作用名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作：名词在句中主要作主语主语,宾语宾语,表语和同位语表语和同位语。3.名词性从句名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的词充当的主 语主 语、宾语宾语、表语表语和和同位语同位语，由一个句子来充当由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫这个句子就叫:名词性从句名词性从句。1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son
2、 has become a thief.3.My idea is that we should do it now.4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句二二.名词性从句的种类名词性从句的种类1.1.连接词：连接词：that,whether,ifthat,whether,if （引导从句，不作成分；（引导从句，不作成分；thatthat 无义，无义，whether/if“whether/if“是否”）是否”）2.2.连接代词：连接代词：whowho(whomwhom),),what,
3、which,what,which,whose whose whoever(whomever),whatever,whicheverwhoever(whomever),whatever,whichever (作主语作主语/宾语宾语/表语表语/定语定语)3.3.连接副词：连接副词：when,where,why,howwhen,where,why,how（作状语）（作状语）三三.连接词连接词,连接代词连接代词,连接副词连接副词1.That he said nothing surprised everybody present.（that 引导主语从句，引导主语从句，不作成分不作成分，常用常用 it
4、it 作形式主语作形式主语）It suprised everybody present that he said nothing.2 2.What he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.(what 引导主从，并引导主从，并在从句作在从句作 said 的的宾语宾语)3.3.The problem is whether we finish the task on time.（whether 引导表从引导表从，不作成分，表示“不作成分，表示“是否是否”）”）4.4.Where he lived is unknown to us.（whe
5、re 引导主从引导主从，作作 live 的的状语状语）考点考点 1 1.thatthat 与与 whatwhatWhat we cant get seems better than what we have.That a new teacher will come to our school is true.小结：小结：that 只只引导从句引导从句，无实无实义，不充当成分 义，不充当成分 what既既引导从句引导从句，又要在，又要在从句中从句中充当充当成分（主语成分（主语 /宾语宾语 /表语）表语）1._ China has a large population is known to us
6、 all.2._is known to us all is _ China has a large population.3._is known to us all that China has a large population.4._is known to us all,China has a large population.比较句比较句 2，句，句 3 和句和句 4thatWhat ThatItAs1）_ you dont like him is none of my business.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether2)_ he said at the m
7、eeting astonished everybody present.A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter 高考题选萃高考题选萃考点考点 2.2.用用 if if/whetherwhether 填空填空1.I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2.I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3.The question is _ this book is worth writing.4.I have no idea _he will come or not.whether/ifwhe
8、therwhetherwhether5.It depends on _ we will have enough money.6._ they can do it matters little to us.7.They have discussed for hours _they will hold the meeting.8.It has not been decided _ to go.whetherWhetherwhether whether小结：只用小结：只用 whetherwhether 引导从句引导从句的情况的情况主从主从位句首；位句首；表表语语从从句；句；同同位语从句；位语从句；介
9、词后面的宾从介词后面的宾从；后面紧跟 后面紧跟 or not；作作 discuss 的宾语从句；的宾语从句；后面有后面有 to do 不定式不定式考点考点 3.3.whoever/whatever/whicheverwhoever/whatever/whichever/what/who/what/who 引引导名词性从句导名词性从句1._ was said here must be kept secret.2.She would like to make friends with_shares her interest.3.You may choose_youd like to go with
10、.4.Take _ seat you like in theclassroom.5._we need is more time.6._made the long distance call to him is not important.WhateverwhicheverWhowhoeverWhatwhoever/whomever 小结小结whoever=whoever=anyone whoanyone who“任何的任何的人人”whatever=whatever=anything thatanything that“任何任何的的物物”whichever=whichever=anythatan
11、ythat 任何的任何的人或人或物物”（已知范围内的或上文提到过的（已知范围内的或上文提到过的）1.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.=Anything that was said here must be kept secret.2.She would like to make friends with whoever shares her interest.=She would like to make friends with anyone who shares her interest.3.Take whichever seat in
12、 the classroom you like.=Take any seat in the classroom that you like.1._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever高考题选萃高考题选萃 2.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 1.It is clear
13、/necessary/certain/true that It is necessary/important/strange/natural+that(should)+do 2.It is a pity/a shame/an honor that 3.It is well known/reported/thought/said thatIt is（建议建议/要求要求/坚持坚持/命令命令）suggested/requested/insisted/ordered+that(should)+do考点 考点 4.4.it it 作形式主语作形式主语,形式宾语形式宾语it 作形式主作形式主语语 it 作
14、形式宾语作形式宾语“6123”结构结构find/feel/make/think/consider/believe/+it+adj/n.+that/to do/doingI think it necessary that we take exercise every day./to take exercise every day.I find it no use arguing with him.1.Ive got to make clear that he told a lie.2.他发现很难使别人理解他他发现很难使别人理解他.He found _3.我认为我们保持冷静很重要我认为我们保持冷静
15、很重要.I think _.it difficult to make himself understood.itit important that we should keep calm 考点考点 5.5.主语是主语是 the reasonthe reason，引导表从用，引导表从用 thatthatThe reason why.is that.This/It/That is because.(原因)This/It/That is why.（结果）今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.1.The reason why he was late this m
16、orning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.2.The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.3.He was late this morning.That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.(原因)4.There was a lot of traffic on the road.That was why he was l
17、ate this morning.（结果）考点考点 6.that6.that 引导同从和定从的区别引导同从和定从的区别1.thatthat 引导引导同位语从同位语从句句在在抽象名词抽象名词后面后面,说明或解释说明或解释该该名名词的内容词的内容.thatthat 引导的限制性引导的限制性定语从句定语从句是是修饰或限制修饰或限制前面名词的。前面名词的。2.that2.that 引导引导同位语从句同位语从句中成分完整，中成分完整，thatthat 只引导从句，只引导从句，不作任何成分，但不可省略。不作任何成分，但不可省略。thatthat 引导引导定语从句定语从句中成分残缺，中成分残缺，thatth
18、at 引导从句，并在句中作引导从句，并在句中作主语、宾语、表语。主语、宾语、表语。当当 thatthat 在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。1.The suggestion that he should not go there is of great value.2.The suggestion（that）he made is of great value.3.The fact that he won the first place cant be denied.4.The fact（that）he told me excited me.（thatthat在定语从句中作
19、在定语从句中作 toldtold 的宾语，可以省略）的宾语，可以省略）定语定语性从句性从句相关概念：1.1.限制性定语从句：是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。Eg:I was the only person who was invited in my office.非限制性定语从句：和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。Eg:That is Mr.Wang,whose daughter teaches English at a middle sc
20、hool.注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用 who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用 which.考点一考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1 1、找出定语从句中是否、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全。如齐全用关系副词用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词（主句中的名词或代词）。用什么关系副词看先行词（主句中的名词或代词）。I will never forget the days(_ I stayed with you).when_Jurassic Park is about a park _(a very rich man keeps
21、 differentKinds of dinosaurs)._where1958 was the year _(Spielberg made his first real film)._Please give me the reason _(you made such a great success)._whenwhyMorning is the best time _(you practise reading aloud)._whenDo you remember the lake _(you first met your girlfriend.）_where2 2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定
22、定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物 动词，如是，用动词，如是，用关系代词，关系代词，如不是，用如不是，用关系副词。关系副词。Yesterday we went to visit the house _(the great writer used to live)._wherein whichThe house _(they built in 1987)stayed up in the earthquake.which that /_ _Luckily none of the people _(I know)were killed in the e
23、arthquake.whowhom that /_ _My father was born in the year _(the Second World War broke out)._in whichwhen3 3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。关系副词。Kunming is a beautiful place _(flowers are seen all the year round).whereOctober 1st is the day _(new China was founded).whenThe window(
24、_ was opened this morning)has been broken.Which thatThe meeting (_ will be held next week)is very important.Which that考点二：考点二：thatthat 和和 w hi chw hi ch 的选的选择择 (1)that(1)that 指物时一般可以与指物时一般可以与 whichwhich 互换，但在下列情互换，但在下列情况况引导词只用引导词只用 thatthat，不用，不用 whichwhich。当先行词为当先行词为 all,much,little,few,none,someth
25、ing,anything,everything,nothing 等不定代词时，如：等不定代词时，如：a.All that can be done has been done.b.I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.c.There is little(that)the enemy can do besides surrender.先行词被先行词被 all,every,no,some,any,little,much 修饰时修饰时：Ive read all the books(that)you gave me.先行词是先行词是序数词序数词或
26、或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。This is the best book(that)Ive ever read.This is the first composition(that)he has written in English.先行词被先行词被 the only,the very,the last the only,the very,the last 修饰时。修饰时。That white flower is the only one (that)I really like.This is the very book(that)I want to find.当有两个或两个以上分
27、别表示当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物人和物的先行词时，这个的先行词时，这个定语从句要用定语从句要用 thatthat 而不用而不用 who(whom)who(whom)和和 whichwhich 引导。如引导。如：He talked about the teachers and schools（that）he had visited.先行词是疑问词先行词是疑问词 who,which,what 时，定语从句用时，定语从句用that 而不用而不用 who,(whom)和和 which 引导。引导。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?Whi
28、ch of us that knows something about physics does not know this?What that is on the table belongs to me?当关系代词在从句中作表语时：当关系代词在从句中作表语时：Mary is no longer the girl(that)she used to be.China is no longer the country that it used to be.WhichWhich 可以引导可以引导非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句，可用于，可用于介词介词后，其后，其先行词可是一个词先行词可是一个词,也可
29、是整个也可是整个主句或主句的某一部主句或主句的某一部分分。1 She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 2.The weather turned out to be good,_ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it （2 2 2 2）只用）只用）只用）只用 whichwhichwhichwhich 的情况的情况的情况的情况 B B 考点三：as 与 w hi ch引导的定语从句 对这
30、两个词作如下归纳：对这两个词作如下归纳：1、如果定语放主句后，即引用、如果定语放主句后，即引用 as 也可以用也可以用 which.He failed to the exam,as(=which)is natural.She seems a scientist,as(=which)in fact she is.Grammar is not a dead rule,which(=as)I have said before.2 2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用、如果从句在主句前，这时要用 asas 而不用而不用 whichwhich引导 定语从句。如：引导 定语从句。如：As we all know
31、,his parents were killed in the war.As we all know,the earth is round.3.用于用于 the sameas,suchas，asas,soas 中，中，一般用一般用 as。e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.4.as 代表前面主句意思时，有“正如代表前面主句意思时，有“正如”之意，而之意，而 which 没没有此意思，从句中的动词常是有此意思，从句中的动词常是 expect,know
32、,see,think,want,suppose 等。等。He won the match,as we had expected.He agreed to the plan,as was to be expected.The police were looking for him,as he thought.Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.5.as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如，如 be known，be said，be reported 等，如从句中等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态
33、，一般要用行为动词是主动语态，一般要用 which 作主语。作主语。e.g.She has been late again,as was expected.Tom has made great progress,which made us happy.6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用的结果，则用 which.a.He cheated his friend of mach money,which was very disgraceful.b.He came back late,which made his mother worried.考点四：关系代词前介词的确定如何选定介词如何选定介词:1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Is that the new
