1、现在分词作状语现在分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，现在分词有时态和语态的变化，通常有以下几种形式（以do为例）主动形式 被动形式 一般时 (not)doing (not)be doing 完成时 (not)having done (not)having been done v现在分词做状语，通常都表示主语在进行的另一个动作，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，且必须与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，动词ing形式的动作是次要动作。现在分词可以做时间，条件，结果，让步，方式等状语，相当于相应的状语从句。v做时间，原因或条件时，通常位于主句前面，做方式，伴随或结果状语时，通常位于主句后面。v如果
2、分词表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，用现在分词一般时，如果分词动作明显在位于动词之前发生，用现在分词的完成时。一做伴随状语：分词等于and连接两个动词或分句vThe dog came in.It follow its master.=The dog came in,following its master.The children ran out of the room,laughing and taking merrily.They stood there for an hour,watching the game.二原因状语相当于as,since,because等引起的原因状
3、语从句，常位于句首，句中或句末。vSeeing nobady at home,she decided to leave them a note.vNo knowing her address,we couldnt get intouch with her.vBeing so poor in those days,we couldt afford to send the boy to the hospital.vNot having received an answer,he decided to write another letter.三时间状语 相当于when,while,as等引导的时间
4、状语从句，常位于句首或句末vHaving arrived at the factory,they immediately set to work.vBe careful when crossing the street.vOn arriving in London,he managed to get in touch with her.四条件状语 相当于if等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句首vWorking hard,you will succeed.vKnowing anything about it,I will tell you all.v-I could go and get someo
5、ne to bring the car.-No,thanks.Ill be better if walking.五结果状语 现在分词表示必然的结果，前可加thus。（不定式表示出乎意料的结果）vHis husband died in 1942,leaving her with five children.vThe bus was held up by snowing,thus causing the delay.vHe was caught in the rain,thus making himself catch cold.六让步状语 相当于although,though,even if,e
6、ven though引起的让步状语从句，常位于句首vBeing a lot of books for exam,he failded in it because of learning method.vKnowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.七方式状语分词等于介词with引起的方式状语或and并列的两个谓语动词vBeing walking slowly,I approached the little window.=Walking slowing,I approached the little window.vHe stood lear
7、ning against the wall.=He stood and learn against the wall.八现在分词的完成式指分词所表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词之前，若分词所表示的动作与主语之间是主谓关系，则用having done，若是动宾（被动）关系，则用having been done.vHaving worked in the country for three years,he knew how to get vegetables.vHaving been translate into several languages,the book became famous a
8、ll over the worrld.vHaving finished his homework,he went to bed.九现在分词独立成分的特殊使用：generally speaking(一般来说);frankly speaking(坦白的说);exactly speaking(严密/确切的说);judging from/by(根据判断);considering(考虑到)vGenerally speaking,girls are more interested in leterature than boys.vJudging from her accent,she must come
9、from Arabian countries.十现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别（1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主句的动作，它们之间的关系是主动的vHe went out shutting the door behind him.vNot knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动的额vFaced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.vGiven more attention,the
10、 tree could have grown better.十一分词作状语时，其逻辑主语和句子的主语保持一致vHearing the news,Tom felt very happy.()vBeing sunny,we decided to go to for a picnic.()如果分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则在分词5结构前加逻辑主语，构成分词的独立主个vClass being over,the childen went home.vNobody being in the room,I didnt go in.vAll the guests having arrived,t
11、he meeting was decleared open.vHe went into the front door,his son following him.动词不定式作状语1）目的状语To only to(仅仅为了),in order to,so as to,so(such)as to(如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别第十七页，共十八页，2022年，8月28日2)2)作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。WhatWhathaveIsaidtomakeyouhaveIsaidtomakeyouangryHeangryHesearchedthesearchedtheroomonlytoroomonlytofindnothingfindnothing3)3)表原因ImImgladtoseeyou.gladtoseeyou.感谢大家观看第十八页，共十八页，2022年，8月28日
