1、宾语从句宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 时态：1主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时。2主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。3主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。1.宾语从句的连接词从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.He told that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他下一年上大学.I dont know if there will
2、 be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.连接代词连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?I dont know whom you should depend
3、 on.我不知道你该依靠谁.The book will show you what the best CEOs know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Coul
4、d you please tell me how you read the new panel?你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.2.动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us though the
5、 whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的. 部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:make sure确保 make up ones mind下决心 keep in mind牢记Make sure that th
6、ere are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.我没去聚
7、会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要. 有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will ha
8、ve it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what
9、 we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.3.介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的.用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到
10、that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.4.形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长
11、时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.5.if,whether在宾语从句中的区别if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.在不定式前只能用whether.如： I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能
12、决定是否留下。 避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.6.哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;当宾语从句较长时;当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主
13、语从句时;当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.7.宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he wont come to my party.我认为他不会来我的舞会.I dont believe that man
14、is killed by Jim,is he?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?8.宾语从句的时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时的时候从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but
15、 I didnt know what country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读.从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后The repor
16、ter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首Who do you think the pu
17、blic might choose as their favorite singer this year?你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.宾语从句，即：在主句中担当宾语的从句。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。 连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which（指事）,who（指人） 1从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。 2从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。在whetherornot结构中不能用if替换。 3从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。 注意：
18、当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他 三：判断时态情况： 1。主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况 2。主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时1. The teacher told the children that the sun round. A. was B. is C. were D. are 2. I believe that our team the basketball match. A. win B. won C. will win D. wins 3. I dont know to visit the old man. A. wh
19、ether B. if C. that D. who The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school. A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where 答：选B，动词reach后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，where不可，which引导宾语从句时表疑问含义“哪一个”而此句中并非疑问含义，不知道哪一座庙宇，而是用what从句表陈述含义，意“过去的一座旧庙宇”；temple后为对其修饰的定语从句，用关系代词which代替，
20、并在从句中作动词used的宾语，use sth. as“把用作whether + or not 宾语从句，在复合句中作宾语，位于及物动词后； eg Tell him which class you are in Do you know what he likes？ 注：(1)主、从句时态一致： 主句谓语过去时，从句相应过去时； He answered that he was listening to me. 主句谓语现在时，从句时态任所需； eg He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is
21、working hard. 具体过去永不变，真理格言现在时； egHe told me that he was born in 1980. Father told me that practice makes perfect . （2）否定前移，及完成反意问句； 在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去，完成反意问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。（注: 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称） eg I dont think you are right ,are you ? I dont
22、believe they have finished their work yet,have they ? （3）在表示建议 suggest , advise 要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose； 决定 decide; 命令 order、command; 坚决主张 insist; 等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v（虚拟语气） eg I suggested that you（should）study hard He ordered that we should go out at once （4）如果宾语从句后有宾语补语，用it作形式宾语，
23、把宾语从句后置 egYou may think it strange that he would live there （5）宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略 A当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。 egI believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get bet?鄄ter B当it作形式宾语时 egShe made it clear that she had nothing to do with him C当宾语从句前置时 egThat our team w
24、ill win，I believe一 定义： 宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。A 作动词的宾语:I heard the news.主语 谓语动词 名词作宾语I heard that he would come here later on.主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语-宾语从句B 作介词的宾语:He said nothing about the plan. 主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 名词作介词的宾语He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 一个句子作介词的宾语二 带
25、有宾语从句的复合句的构成:带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有：that(可省略)，what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day. 宾语2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm. 间接宾语 直接宾语3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer.
26、 间接宾语 直接宾语 4 He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting.who hadnt passed the exam.when she would leave this building.why she cried last night.where she was going to study.which student was his partner in the short play.if (whether) Tom could play basketball with him that morning.how
27、she managed to solve the problem.why water flows from a high position to a lower position. 在例子4中，当主句是过去时态时（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），从句根据不同情况必须使用过去时态的一种，（大自然的现象和真理除外）。 5 He is wanting to know what I can cook for dinner.who broke the window yesterday.when I can have a holiday.why I failed the exam yes
28、terday.where I should have dinner with my friend tonight.which book is the best one.if (whether) I have passed the exam.how my cat escaped from the room last night. 在例子5中，当主语是现在时态时（一般现在时，现在进行时，一般将来时，现在完成时），从句可根据不同情况使用各种时态。三 注意：A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult j
29、ob. Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。 Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. Bad: He left whether we should continue this pro
30、ject to my judgment. Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 Bad: I think he doesnt like the English teacher. Good: I dont think he likes the English teacher.D False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to know
31、why he was crying in the corner.宾语从句的难点在于语序、引导词和时态三方面。 (一)在宾语从句中主谓结构的语序不用颠倒。这一点本来对中国人来说并不困难，因为汉语句子的语序一般都是主语在前，谓语在后。请对比下列两个句子： They saw neither side could win. 他们看到哪一方都不能获胜 语序方面的错误主要发生在以连接代词(如What,Which)和连接副词(如When,Where等)引导的宾语从句中。同学们常常把从句中的语序用疑问句的语序来代替。例如，由于英语习惯于说：Where is.?有的人就把Can you tell me where the nearest post office is?说成Can you tell me where is the nearest post o
