1、全国高校网络教育公共基础课统一考试大学英语B考前辅导讲义全国高校网络教育公共基础课统一考试大学英语B考前辅导讲义第一讲 考试简介一、大纲简介【语法】考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识，并能在语言活动中较正确地加以运用。【词汇】考生应认知3000个单词，并熟练掌握其中的1800个单词及其基本的搭配。【交际能力】考生应掌握日常生活常见情景中的基本交际用语。【阅读】考生应能读懂与日常生活和社会生活相关的不同类型的文字材料，阅读速度为每分钟50个单词。考生应能：1.理解主旨要义；2.理解文中具体信息；3.根据上下文推测生词词义；4.进行有关的判断、推理和引申，理解作者的意图、观点或态度。【翻译】考生应能在1
2、5分钟内将4个难度适中的英文句子翻译成中文。考生应能：1.对英语原文有准确的理解；2.做到译文通顺、达意【写作】考生应能在30分钟内写出长度不少于80词的常见应用文及一般的叙述文、说明文和议论文。考生应能：1.用较正确的语法、词汇、拼写、标点进行表达；2.基本做到内容切题，结构严谨，条理清楚；3.根据不同的写作目的进行有针对性的写作。二、题量和分值项目内容题量单题分值总分I交际英语5个简短对话5315II阅读理解2篇短文10330III词汇与结构5个单句5210IV完形填空1篇短文5210V英译汉4个单句4520三、考试操作界面四、主要参考资料1.全国高等网络教育公共基础课统一考试用书大学英语
3、（2010年修订版）（PP. 119-208）。 2.自编资料第二讲 交际英语一、交际英语答题的四大原则1.合作原则合作原则是指问与答之间要有一定的逻辑关系，不能答非所问。【例1】-What would you like to drink?-_.A. Anything wrong B. Very good C. Well done, please D. Orange juice, please 答案：DDrink表示“喝”，回答时用饮料【例2】-How often do you go dancing?-_.A. I will go dancing tomorrow. B. Yesterday.
4、C. Every other day. D. Ive been dancing for a year. 答案：CHow often提问事情发生的频率。答案every other day表示“每隔一天”【例3】-_?-Well, they got there last Wednesday. So about a week.A. When did your parents arrive at ParisB. How long have your parents been in ParisC. Did your parents arrive at Paris last WednesdayD. Whe
5、n will your parents go to Paris 答案：BWhen提问时间点，how long提问时间段。本题的难度在于回答中既出现了时间点last Wednesday，也出现了时间段about a week。但是整句话的意思是“好的，他们上星期三到了那儿。因此大约一个星期了”，由此可见，重点是后面的So about a week，也就是时间段。因此选择B。2.礼貌原则礼貌原则是指问与答都必须礼貌、得体，体现对他人的尊重和理解。尽量满足他人要求，若不能满足时，要表达歉意。【例4】-Could you be so kind as to turn down that rock n r
6、oll? Im preparing for tomorrows exam?-_A. Its none of your business. B. What are you doing?C. Sure. Sorry to disturb you. D. No, I dont think so. 答案：CCould you 表达请求，为了表示礼貌，如果同意可以用Sure来回答。Im preparing for tomorrows exam表示“我正在准备明天的考试”，回答者对开着摇滚乐这件事表示道歉，因此需要选Sorry to disturb you。【例5】-May I use your bike
7、 for a moment? -_.A. Its well B. It doesnt matterC. By all means D. I have no idea. 答案：CBy all means表示“当然可以”【例6】-May I see your tickets, please?-_.A. No, they are mine. B. No, you cant.C. Sure. D. Yes, you can. 答案：C【例7】-Could you help me with my physics, please?-_A. No, no way. B. No, I couldnt.C. N
8、o, I cant. D. Sorry I cant. I have an appointment right now. 答案：D对别人的请求，如果不能满足，一般不宜直接用No回答，最好用Sorry表示歉意，然后还要说明理由，如I have an appointment right now.“我刚才有一个约会。”3.语境符合原则语境符合原则是指问与答要符合语境的设定，也就是要按照语境回答问题。对语境的猜测要准确、合理。【例8】-Hello, may I speak to Dr. Brown?-_.A. Yes, he is not in at the moment B. No, you can
9、tC. Yes, this is Brown speaking D. Sorry speaking 答案：C从Hello和may I speak to 可以看出这是一段电话对话。在电话里说“我”要用this，说“你”用that。【例9】-Thank you for inviting me.-_.A. I really had a happy time.B. Oh, its too late.C. Thank you for coming.D. Oh, so slowly? 答案：CThank you for inviting me表示“感谢你邀请我”。从这句话可以看出是宴会道别时的场景，回答的
10、时候用Thank you for coming，表示“感谢你能来”。这是比较少见的用Thank you来回答Thank you的题目。4.文化遵从原则问与答要符合英语文化的特征，不能用汉语思维去做题。特别是非常“地道”的中式英语表达法，要立即排除。【例10】-Tomorrow is my birthday.-_.A. Oh, I have no idea.B. Im glad you like it.C. Many happy returns of the day!D. You must be very happy. 答案：C除了可以用Happy birthday来祝贺生日以外，Many ha
11、ppy returns of the day也可以表达这个意思，类似于汉语中的“年年有今日，岁岁有今朝”。可以用于祝贺人生日快乐的【例11】-Wow! This is a marvelous room! Ive never known youre so artistic.-_.A. Great, I am very art-consciousB. Dont mention itC. Thanks for your complimentsD. Its fine 答案：C按照英美国家的习俗，对别人的称赞一般都会表示感谢。【例12】-Thank you ever so much for the co
12、at you bought me.-_.A. No thanksB. Im glad you like itC. Please dont say soD. No, its not so good答案：B对于感谢的回答比较多。但这道题中，话题发起人感谢的是对方送的礼物，因此一般可以用Im glad you like it（很高兴你喜欢）。答案C（请别这么说）是典型的汉语表达习惯。二、交际英语的主要考点交际英语按照出题的题材分，可以分为六类：信息、服务、交往、祝福和情感1.询问信息此类的题目往往有很具体的内容的，因此要注意使用合作原则进行问答。询问信息时会使用到疑问句。疑问句分为三种：一般疑问句、
13、选择疑问句和特殊疑问句。1)一般疑问句一般疑问句往往需要用yes或no来回答，但是有时候为了符合礼貌原则，也可以用Thank you或Sorry等回答。【例13】- Hello, may I talk to the director now? - _.A. Sorry, he is busy at the momentB. No, you cantC. Sorry, you cantD. I dont know 答案：A提问者问的是一般疑问句。May I 是一个请求，回答的人如果不同意，可以用Sorry来回答。【例14】- I believe weve met somewhere before
14、.- No, _. A. it isnt the sameB. it cant be rightC. I dont think soD. Id rather not 答案：C这是一句委婉的一般疑问句，意思是“我认为我们以前见过。”，言下之意是“我们以前见过没有？”回答时表达同意对方观点可以说I think so. 或 I hope so. 不同意对方观点可以说I dont think so. 或 I hope not.【例15】- Must I be home before seven? - _.A. No, you needntB. No, you mustntC. Yes, you wil
15、lD. No, you wont 答案：AMust做一般疑问句，否定式可以用neednt或dont have to。2)选择疑问句选择疑问句一般会用到or。回答一般疑问句，可以有三种选法：选择or前后的两个词组之一，表明要选择哪一个。选择Its hard to say.表示很难选择。选择Either will do.（两者都行）或Neither will do.（两者都不行）【例16】- Do you prefer tea or coffee?- _A. Milk.B. Yes, I like tea.C. Coffee, please.D. None. 答案： C这是一句典型的选择疑问句，在
16、这道题中，可以选择or前后的一个词组。【例17】- Havent seen you for ages! What are you busy doing now?- _.A. I hate the weather hereB. My hair is getting a bit longerC. Yeah, thanks for comingD. I am working part time in a bookshop, you know 答案：DWhat are you busy doing now? 意思是“你现在正忙于做什么？”回答是要用现在进行时。3)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句一般会用5W1H来
17、提问，即Who、What、When、Where、Why、How。常考的特殊疑问句如下：Whats up? / Whats going on? /Whats the matter? 发生了什么事？ What day is today? 询问星期几What do you think of ? / How do you like ? 询问观点What is (人)? 询问职业How is (人)? 询问人的身体状况？How often ? 询问频率How long ? 询问时间长度How soon ? 询问未来的时间（用In 来回答）When ? 询问时间Where ? 询问地点Why ? 询问原因
18、Who ? 询问人物【例18】-How soon will your father fly to New York?-_A. At 7.00 am.B. Last week.C. In three days.D. Twice a year. 答案：CHow soon ? 用于提问将来的时间，回答时一般用“in+时间”。【例19】- Why didnt you come to my birthday party yesterday?- _.A. Excuse me, my friend sent me a flowerB. Fine, I never go to birthday parties
19、C. Well, I dont like birthday partiesD. Sorry, but my wife had a car accident 答案：DWhy ? 提问原因。这道题中回答者不仅要给出原因，还要对不能赴生日宴会表示歉意。2.提供服务提供服务类的题目可以分为四小类：提供或寻求帮助、提出或回应建议、询问对方是否介意和借还物品。1)提供或寻求帮助提供或请求帮助有下面几种提问方式：Will / Would you please ?Can / Could you ?Can / Could I ?Could you help me ?回答此类问题应注意礼貌，一般不能直接用yes或
20、no来回答，可以用下面几个关键词：表示愿意提供帮助：certainly / sure 表示不能提供帮助必须先表示歉意sorry，然后说明原因【例20】- Would you please pass me the salt? - _.A. Give youB. No saltC. Here they areD. Certainly. Here you are答案：DA. Give you这种说法不符合英语表达的习惯。在英语中“给你”一般会说Here you are。【例21】-Could you help me with my physics, please?-_A. No, no way.B.
21、 No, I couldnt.C. No, I cant.D. Sorry I cant. I have to go to a meeting right now. 答案：D【例22】- This box is too heavy for me to carry upstairs.- _.A. You may ask for helpB. Ill give you a handC. Please do me a favorD. Id come to help 答案：BThis box is too heavy for me to carry upstairs表示“把这个盒子搬到楼上对我来说太重
22、了”，言下之意是“你能否帮我搬一下这个重箱子”。这是一道委婉的求助题，因此用Ill give you a hand，即“让我来帮你一把”回答。2)提出或回应建议提出建议可以用下面几种句型：How about ?What about ?Lets Shall we ?回答这类问题一般可以用下面几种：表示赞同可以用Great! / Good idea!表示不赞同一般也需要有礼貌，可以考虑用Sorry / Id rather 【例23】- How about going to dinner at the Mexican restaurant tonight?- _ A. Forget it.B. So
23、rry, I like Mexican food.C. Thats great!D. Glad you like it. 答案：C【例24】- How about going fishing?- _, I have no patience for that.A. Excuse meB. SorryC. PardonD. Apologize 答案：B【例25】- Shall we sit up here on the grass or down there near the water?- _A. Id rather stay here if you dont mind.B. Sorry, I
24、dont like neither.C. Certainly, why not?D. Yes, we like these two places. 答案：AId rather 表示“我宁愿”3)询问对方是否介意询问对方是否介意事实上是一类特殊的提出要求或寻求建议的句子，关键词是mind。这类题一般有下面几种提问方式：Do you mind ?Would you mind ?回答时要特别注意：如果表示介意，也就是不同意对方说的要用Yes。出于礼貌原则，不能用Sure / Certainly。如果表示不介意，也就是表示同意要用No. / Go ahead. / Not at all.【例26】-
25、Do you mind if I switch off the radio? - _. Go ahead.A. Never mindB. No wayC. No, not at allD. No, youd better not 答案：C【例27】- Do you mind my smoking here?- _.A. No, thanksB. Yes, I doC. Yes. Id rather notD. Good idea 答案：C4)借还物品借物品时，往往可以用下面两个句型：Could (Can) I borrow ?Could I use ?回答时要注意礼貌：同意时要表示得干脆，尽量
26、用Sure / Certainly /Here you are / With pleasure / By all means若不能同意要表示歉意，并且给出原因。（至今没有考过）还物品要表示感谢（至今没有考过）【例28】-Could I borrow your car, please?-_A. Good idea.B. No hurry.C. With pleasure.D. No surprise. 答案：C3.人际交往人际交往类的题目可以分为四类：邀请，介绍，问候和告别1)邀请邀请时可以用下面这些句型：Would you like to join ?Can you come ?Would y
27、ou be able to come /go ?回应他人邀请时可以用一下句型：表示接受邀请时可用：Id like to / Id love to / Ill come. / Its my pleasure.表示不能接受邀请时可用：Im afraid not. / Id love to, but 在对方接受或不能接受邀请时，可以用下面的句子回应：Thank you for coming.Im sorry to hear that.【例29】- Oh, Betty, we will be having a buffet party next Saturday, and wed like you to join us. - _, Susan. Whats the occasion? What time do you want me to come?A. Id love toB. No wayC. By no means D. Im afraid not 答案：A从答句的后半句What time do you want me to come可以看出，被邀请者是愿意出席宴会的。【例30】- Thank you for asking me to your party. But I cant come.- _
