1、形容词和副词四形容词和副词一 形容词用于修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质和特征，在句中可以做定语，表语或补语。1. 定语形容词和表语形容词（1） 定语或表语.大多数形容词既可以作定语又可以作表语。如：The garden is beautiful.This is a beautiful garden. That fast asleep boy is smiling.He is a the greatest poet alive.Is there anything new in todays newspaper?I have something important to tell you.（2
2、）定语形容词但是，有些形容词只可以作定语，如：golden, wooden, outer, inner, daily, elder.Golden uldnadj.金(制)的，金(黄)色的，金质的; 产金的兴隆的, 昌盛的，贵重的, 绝好的, 重要的，朝气蓬勃的, 有出息的：Seize each golden minute. 抓住宝贵的每一分钟。Remember that silence is golden; 记住：沉默是金；wooden ：wudn adj.木(制)的。 喻木头人似的; 呆板的; 无表情的; 笨拙不灵的a wooden bench 木凳 a wooden manner 笨拙的举
3、止 a wooden face 无表情的面容 a wooden smile 呆板的笑容daily ：adj.日常的。daily life 日常生活，daily newspapers 日报，daily necessities 日常必需品Janet is Marys elder sister. Shes 2 years older than Mary.珍尼特是玛丽的姐姐。My elder daughter is abroad. 我的大女儿出国了。（3）表语形容词或后置定语有些形容词只作表语，而通常不作前置定语。常见的表语形容词有：afraid, awake, asleep, alive, alik
4、e, ashamed, afloat， well(healthy), sorry, unable, sure等。 afloat flut飘浮着的, 在海上的, 浸满水的, 在进行中的）The boy was still asleep. The old man was alone in the house.How is your father? Hes well. He did his work very well.Hes unable to carry the heavy box himself.The book is worth 20yuan.但afraid, alive, alone, a
5、wake等可以用作后置定语.如：He is the greatest poet alive. He came out like a man afraid. Tom was the only boy awake at that time. The people, the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history.（1） 形容词作补语We found the snake still alive. He left his 4-year-son alone at home.（2） 形容词还可做状语：表示伴随或结果
6、。 He lay in bed, wide awake. He returned home, safe and sound. The goat rolled over, dead. He was lying in bed, wide awake. He is standing there, full of fear.注意：（1）以字母a开头的形容词不可直接用very来修饰。如：very much alone非常孤单的fast asleep熟睡的wide awake 十分清醒的very much afraid 很害怕的greatly ashamed 非常害羞的（2）另有少数形容词虽然即可作定语又
7、可作表语，但意义不同： Her ill aunt is ill.He that is ill to himself will be good to nobody. 谚不能自爱, 焉能爱人。ill iladj.(worse worst)（一般用作表语）有病的; 要呕吐的; （用作定语）坏的; 不吉祥的、邪恶的; 恶意的; 粗暴的,拙劣的; 不良的; 不恰当的,不高兴的, 难过的,难处理的, 麻烦的英语中有些形容词既可以作前置定语，也可以作后置定语，但意义也不相同。常见的有：present（现在的/在场的），proper（适当的/正经的）,absent（心不在焉的/缺席的）. The presen
8、t member/the member present 现在的成员/在场的成员 The absent students/the students absent 心不在焉的学生/缺席的学生2.the + 形容词表示一类人：the poor , the rich, the young, the old3.多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序 限定词 (these, those, the, a(n)+ 数量three+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体形容词(large, long, high)+新旧(new/old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途
9、(writing)+被修饰词(desk)。all these last few days最近的这些日子some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花a high red brick wall 一堵高高的红砖墙a beautiful white Chinese military jeep一辆漂亮的白色的中国军用吉普车a big quiet grey old British wooden house一间灰色的古老而宁静的英国大木屋二 副词1.副词用于修饰动词，形容词，其它副词，介词短语或句子。He ran fast to the school.The news
10、is so exciting.He walked very slowly on the way back home.He is always ready to help others.Generally speaking, he is an honest man.有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评述性状语。如： Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the man. Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her. Luckily, he was not hurt in the accid
11、ent. 大部分副词由形容词+ly 构成： brave-bravely slow-slowly careful-carefully safe-safely2.两种形式的副词 副词+ly 构成的副词多用于抽象含义（1）close接近(指距离) closely 仔细地、密切地 He stood close to me. 他站得离我很近。We must look closely at the problem.我们必须仔细的审视问题。（2） free免费地，无偿地 freely 自由地、自如地Children are admitted free.儿童免费入场She can use the comput
12、er freely.她可以自如地使用电脑。（3）The birds are flying high in the sky. 鸟儿正高飞。We spoke highly of him.He is a highly skilled worker.他是一个非常熟练的工人。（4）deep 深 deeply 深刻地、深入地hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不wide 宽阔 widely 广泛地high 高 highly 高度地，非常地late 晚、迟 lately 近来He has been working late.他一直工作到很晚。I havent seen him lately.最近我没有见到他
13、。near 邻近 nearly 几乎 most 最 mostly 主要地、绝大多数地 easy 从容地 easily 容易地 三 形容词和副词的比较等级small-smaller-smallest early- earlier- earliest clever-cleverer-cleverestslowly-more slowly-most slowlyoften-oftener-oftenest often-more often-most oftenlittle less- least good /well- better -bestfar-farther/est further/furt
14、hest bad /badly/ill-worse-worstmany/much-more-most late-later-latest四 形容词和副词的比较句型1. 平级比较He is as tall as you. He is not so /as tall as you. Herry is a worker as good as Peter（is）. = Herry is as good a worker as Peter（is）. = Herry is such a good worker as Peter （is）. His name is the same as his fathe
15、rs.2. 比较级比较级的修饰语常见的有：much, even, rather,still, far, by far,any（用于否定句和疑问句），a lot, a little, a great deal, twice, three times, 20%等. The students study even harder than before. He runs a little/ much/far/ faster than you. Hes even worse today.Our room is once bigger than yours.Our room is twice the si
16、ze of yours. 3. the +比较级，the+比较级 表示越，越.The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.你卖的票越多，挣的钱越多。The earlier you start, the sooner you will be back.你动身越早，回来的就越早。4. 比较级+and+比较级， 表示越来越The new city is becoming more and more beautiful. 这个新城市变得越来越美丽了。It becomes hotter and hotter when summer com
17、es.夏天来临，天气越来越热。5. the+比较级+of the two+名词， 表示两个中较为的一个。The taller of the two boys is my brother.6. 用介词by 表示两者相差的程度。She is taller than I by three inches.=She is three inches taller than I.她比我高3英寸。I missed the last train by one minutes.最后一趟火车，我差一分钟没赶上。7. 要使比较的对象一致，当比较的双方的定语不同时，常使用代词that,those.The climate
18、 here is warmer than that of Shenyang.这里的气候比沈阳的暖和。The cars in this factory are better than those in that factory.这家工厂的汽车比那家的质量好。The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world. (人口与人口相比，出现代词 that )中国的人口比世界上任何一个其他国家的人口多。8. 最高级的表达He is the tallest of all the boys.He is ta
19、ller than any other boy in his class.He is taller than anyone else in his class.否定+比较级=最高级Nobody is taller than him.He has never spent a more worrying day.他度过了最担心的一天。9. A：We are busiest on Monday.做表语的形容词最高级前，如果不和别人或别物体做比较，常不加 the . 我们周一最忙。B：Its a most important question.最高级前加a 表示非常，在很大程度上的意思。这是一个很重要
20、的问题。10. 貌似比较级的一些固定习惯用语。In no country other than Britain can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.只有在英国，人们才可能在一天中经历四个季节。（noother than只有，常用来加强语气。）His whole school education added up to no more than（=only）one year.他所受过的学校教育加起来仅仅一年。He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the cinema. （宁愿）他宁愿呆在家里，也不愿去看电影。He is more a scientist than a doctor.（与其说不如说）11. 倍数表达。The road is 4 times as long as that one.（1） The road is 3 times _ than that one.（2） The road is 4 times _ of that one.（3） The length of this road is 4 times _ of that one.
