1、医学论文英文摘要写作技巧医学论文（medical papers）的定义 医学论文是对整理和发表医学研究成果的一种特殊文本的总称，就其内容和文体特点而言科分为以下几种： 1医学科研论文（scientific papers） 2调查报告（survey） 3综述（review） 4学位论文（theses） 5医学科研论文（scientific papers）医学科研论文定义 国际生物学编辑委员会对医学科研论文的定义为：必须是首次公布的应提供足够的资料，使同行们能够进行：评价所观察到的结果；评价其推理过程；重复实验。分为以下两种：临床研究 (clinical study)；基础研究或实验研究（expe
2、rimental study)医学科研论文的格式 医学科研论文必须具备以下几个部分： （1）标题（title） （2）摘要（abstract） （3）引言（introduction） （4）材料和方法（materials and methods） （5）结果（results） （6）讨论（discussion） （7）致谢（acknowledgement） （8）参考文献（references）一、标题 （一）要求 1简明扼要（short and concise） （1）尽量控制在一行，但不是一个句子 （2）不超过 25 个单词或 120-140 个字母 （3）除 DNA、RNA、CT 等不用
3、缩写 2信息丰富 (informative) 3便于索引（indexing） 4较长标题可采用副标题 （二）标题写作中常用词组和表达方式 1用（方法手段）对进行研究分析观察评价： Study(analysis/observation/evaluation/assessment) of (on) (by) using 方法 /with 工具） 2A 对 B 的作用 Effort of A on B Protective effect of omeprazole on endothelin-induced gastric mucosal injury 3A 与 B 的关系 Correlation
4、(relation/relationship) between A and B Correlation of A with B and C 常用修饰词：positively/negatively/significantly/insignificantly 4用治疗 Use of in the treatment of ( 病）in （生物） Use of omeprazole in the treatment of gastric ulcer in the elderly 5A 是 B A as B 二、著录部分书写 （一）姓名 标准式：WANG Luowei，HUANG Yingfeng，G
5、UO Xiaoan （二） 地址 800 Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R.China （三）资助 A project funded by the National “863” Program三、摘要的分类与格式 摘要是作者要给读者的精华，分两大类： （一）指示性摘要 （二）资料性摘要 1非结构式摘要 缺点：段落不明，给编辑、审稿、阅读和计算机处理带来诸多不便 2全结构式摘要（8 要素摘要） （1）目的 （2）设计 （3）地点 （4）对象 （5）处理 （6）主要测定项目 （7）结果 （8）结论 全结构式摘要的优点 （1）观点更明确 （2）信息量更大 （3
6、）差错更少 （4）符合计算机数据库建立和使用的要求 全结构式摘要的缺点：烦琐、重复、篇幅过长 3半结构式摘要（四要素摘要） （1）目的（objective/purpose/aim） （2）方法（methods） （3）结果（results） （4）结论（conclusion）目的：是作者想要介绍的关键问题 一、目的格式 （一）单表目的 （二）背景目的 二、目的常用时态 （一）背景：现在时（一般现在时、完成时和进行时） （二）目的：一般现在时现在完成时，或一般过去时 举例： （1）To evaluate the effects on 24-hour intragastric pH levels
7、of infusions with omeprazole and H2 receptor antagonists in bleeding duodenal ulcer patients. （2）The role of omeprazole in triple therapy and the impact of Helicobacter pylori resistance on treatment outcome are not established. This study investigated the role of omeprazole and influence of primary
8、 H. pylori resistance on eradication and development of secondary resistance. 三、介绍目的常用句型 主要用动词不定式 to 表达 1直接用 to do 短语表达 举例：To determine if use of omeprazole protects against the gastric mucosal injury 2The purpose/aim/objective/goal(of present study is)was to 举例：The aim of this study was to determin
9、e the protective function of omeprazole on gastric mucosal injury 3The present study is /was designed/devised/intended to 举例：The present study was designed to establish whether there might be a genetic predisposition to an altered pattern of anti-inflammatory cytokine produced in patients with irrit
10、able bowel syndrome 4This study was performed/conducted/carried out/undertaken to 举例：An experimental study was conducted using a canine mode to elucidate 5We aimed/sought to/attempted to 举例：We sought to assess whether there is an increased risk of tuberculosis among individuals who work in certain i
11、ndustries occupations. 四、介绍目的常用动词 1研究：study, investigate, examine, observe, explore 举例：Our objective in this report is to examine the clinical feature, pathology and treatment for patients with pancreatic cancer. 2评价：evaluate, validate 举例：To evaluate sonography as a tool for initial diagnosis in eme
12、rgency room patients with abdominal trauma. 3确定：determine, decide, confirm, support, define, characterize4证实：prove, demonstrate, document, test, support, testify, verify5阐明、搞清：explain, elucidate, clarify, illustrate, delineate, find out, contribute to the knowledge of 6介绍：describe, present, report7建
13、立：establish, develop, set out 8寻找：search for, look for, seek, find 9识别、区分：identify, differentiate, discriminate 10优选：optimize 11比较：compare 12回顾：review 13相关：correlate A with B 方法部分 （1）研究设计 （2）研究对象的特性 （3）干预或处理方法 （4）测定或观察方法 一、 研究对象的选择、来源及标准 1纳入研究：were entered into/enrolled in/selected (randomly) 举例：A t
14、otal of 169 patients were included in the study, 83 of whom received 2排除或退出研究：were excluded from participation，withdrew from the study due to/because to 举例：Patients with significant aortic valvular diseases were excluded. 二、 研究对象的分组 1were divided into/classified/grouped into 2were divided randomly/r
15、andomized into3 were divided equally into 举例：Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 Patients (n = 539) with a history of duodenal ulcer and a positive H. pylori screening test result were randomized into 4 groups. OAC group received 20 mg omeprazole, 三、 年龄 1某一年龄举例：A 50-year-old patient. Pa
16、tients (age 263 years). 2在某年龄范围内及平均年龄 举例：Patients range in age from to, with a mean of (50 years). 3在某一年龄以上或以下 举例：Patients more than 50 years. Patients under/less than 50 years. 四、 性别、时间 1性别 twelve patients (7 male and 5 female) The male-to-female ratio was 1:4 2时间 Body weight was measured weekly, a
17、nd liver biopsy was obtained at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. 五、 诊断与治疗 1诊断 be diagnosed as having be diagnosed as by /with be suspected as 2治疗 be treated with(alone or in combination with ) be treated on outpatient/inpatient basis 举例： （1）Patients (n = 539) with a history of duodenal ulcer and a positive H. pyl
18、ori screening test result were randomized into 4groups. OAC group received 20 mg omeprazole, （2）50 patients with active bleeding duodenal ulcer were randomly assigned to receive one of the four treatment regimens. 结果部分 1是文章结论的根据 2应记录真实的科研数据 3除指示性说明外，一般用过去时表示 一、 常用句型 1结果表明：The results showed / demons
19、trated / revealed / documented / indicated/suggestedthatIt was found that 举例：The results showed that high thigh cuff Doppler technique was 79 percent sensitive, 56 percent specific and 63 percent accurate. 2与有关：A was related / correlated /associated with B. There was a relationship /correlation betw
20、een A and B. There was a relation of A with B and C 举例：Insulin sensitivity index was negatively with blood velocity (r=0.530, P0.05), body mass index (r=o.563, P0.01) and baseline insulinemia (r=0.489, P0.05). Significant difference were not noted in the level of HDL cholesterol, and LDL peak partic
21、le diameter before and after treatment. 结论部分：是作者发表观点和见解，给读者的精髓部分 1归纳性说明研究结果或发现 2结论性说明结果的可能原因、机理或意义 3前瞻性说明未解决的问题 一、结论部分时态 1过去时 （1）涉及本研究的内容 （2）涉及他人研究过程的内容（3）作者认为只适用于本研究环境和条件的结论 2现在时 （1）指示性说明 （2）普遍接受的思想、理论或结论 （3）作者认为本研究结论具有普遍意义 （4）前瞻性说明 举例：Our findings indicate that hepatitis C is a progressive disease
22、 指示性说明 - 现在时，but only a few died during the average 20.4 years after the initiation of injection drug use 本试验过程中发生的事 - 过去时. Antiviral treatment to eradicate the virus and halt the progression of diseases is indicated in this group of patients 作者认为具有普遍意义的结论 - 现在时. 二、 结论部分常用句型 1结果提示：These results sugg
23、est that 举例：These data confirm the presence of at least two major HCV genotypes in Nigeria. 2结果支持或反对某种观点：These results support the idea that；These results fail to support the idea that 举例：These results do not support the idea that treatment to lower cholesterol concentration cause mood disturbance.
24、3表示观点的确定或不确定性：There is no evidence that；It is likely/unlikely that 举例：There is no evidence that NIDDM produce any change in bone metabolism or mass. 4具有意义：Be of great (some/little/no) clinical significance into 举例：The detection of p53 gene is of great clinical significance in tumor diagnosis. 5前瞻性说明：remain to be further studied；It is remains to be proved that 举例：However, the relation of insulin resistance to hypertension remains to be further studied. 6插入语：This is the first case of pancreas divisum. 举例：This is the first case, to our knowledge, of pancreas divisum.小结 中文是关键 符合英语习惯 不用简单句 注意
