1、中考英语总复习人教版教材知识梳理篇八年级下Units 12复习指导与作业八年级(下) Units 1-2教材梳理教材基础知识梳理重点单词A.根据首字母提示写单词。1.foot n脚；足2.fever n发烧3.rest v& n放松；休息4.break n间歇；休息5.hurt v(使)疼痛；受伤6.trouble n问题；苦恼7.herself pron.她自己8.sick adj.生病的；有病的9.ourselves pron.我们自己10.risk n& v危险；风险；冒险11.blood n血12.nurse n护士13.volunteer v义务做；自愿做n.志愿者14.sign_
2、n标志；信号15.lonely adj.孤独的；寂寞的16. strong adj.强烈的；强壮的17.journey n(尤指长途)旅行；行程18.repair_ v修理；修补19.fix_ v修理；安装20.broken_adj.破损的；残缺的21.blind adj.瞎的；失明的22.deaf adj.聋的23. imagine v想象；设想24.open v开；打开25.carry v拿；提；扛26.excited adj.激动的；兴奋的27.clever adj.聪明的；聪颖的28.change_ v& n变化；改变B.根据汉语提示写单词。29._matter_ n问题；事情30._
3、neck_ n颈；脖子31._throat_ n咽喉；喉咙32._lie_ v躺；平躺33._cough_ v& n咳嗽34._passenger_ n乘客；旅客35._situation_ n情况；状况36._knife_ n刀37._mean_ v意思是；打算；意欲38._importance_ n重要性；重要39._decision_ n决定；抉择40._control_ n& v限制；约束；管理41._spirit_ n勇气；意志42._death_ n死；死亡43._cheer_ v欢呼；喝彩44._notice_ n通知；通告；注意v.注意到；意识到45._several_ pro
4、n.几个；数个；一些46._satisfaction_ n满足；满意47._owner_ n物主；主人48._raise_ v募集；征集49._alone_ adv.独自；单独50._letter_ n信；函51._difficulty_ n困难；难题52._interest_ n兴趣；关注v.使感兴趣；使关注词汇拓展1.lie v_lay_(过去式)躺；平躺_lain_(过去分词)_lying_(现在分词)2.hurt v_hurt_(过去式/过去分词)(使)疼痛；受伤3.hit v_hit_(过去式/过去分词)击；打4.she pron._herself_(反身代词)她自己5.we pro
5、n._ourselves_(反身代词)我们自己6.climb v_climber_ n登山者；攀登者7.knife n_knives_ pl.刀8.importance n_important_ adj.重要的9.decision n_decide_ v决定10.death n_die_ v死_dying_ adj.垂死的_dead_ adj.死的；失去生命的11.strong adj._strongly_ adv.强烈地；强有力地12.feel v_feeling_ n感觉；感触13.own v_owner_ n物主；主人14.satisfy v_satisfaction_ n满足；满意_s
6、atisfied_ adj.满足的；满意的15.break v_broken_ adj.破损的；残缺的16.able adj._disabled_(反义词)丧失能力的；有残疾的17.imagine v_imagination_ n想象；想象力18.difficulty n_difficult_ adj.困难的19.excited adj._exciting_ adj.使人兴奋的；令人激动的20.train v_training_ n训练；培训21.kind adj._kindness_ n仁慈；善良22.interest n& v_interesting_ adj.有趣的_interested
7、_ adj.感兴趣的重点短语1._have_a_cold_ 感冒2._have_a_stomachache_ 胃疼3._lie_down_ 躺下4._take_ones_temperature_ 量体温5._have_a_fever_ 发烧6.take breaks/take a break_休息_7.get off_下车_8.to ones surprise_使惊讶的是；出乎的意料_9.right away_立即；马上_10.get into_陷入；参与_重点短语11._be_used_to_ 习惯于；适应于12_take_risks/take_a_risk_ 冒险13_run_out_(o
8、f)_ 用尽；耗尽14_cut_off_ 切除15_get_out_of_ 离开；从出来16_be_in_control_of_ 掌管；管理17_give_up_ 放弃18_clean_up_ 打扫(或清除)干净19_cheer_up_ (使)变得更高兴；振奋起来20_give_out_ 分发；散发21_come_up_with_ 想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)22.put off_推迟_23hand out_分发_24call up_打电话给(某人)；征召_25used to_曾经；过去_26care for_照顾；非常喜欢_27try out_参加选拔；试用_28fix up_修理；装饰
9、_29give away_赠送；捐赠_30take after_(外貌或行为)像_31set up_建起；设立_32make a difference_影响；有作用_重点句型1.The bus driver，24yearold Wang Ping，stopped the bus without _thinking_ _twice_.24岁的公交车司机王平，没有多想便停下了车。2But _to_ _his_ _surprise_，they all agreed _to_ _go_ with him.但使他惊讶的是，他们都同意和他一起去。3_Thanks_ _to_ Mr.Wang and the
10、 passengers，the man was saved by the doctors in time.多亏了王先生和乘客们，医生及时挽救了老人的生命。4Aron Ralston is an American man who_is_ _interested_ _in_ mountain climbing.阿伦罗尔斯顿是一个对登山感兴趣的美国人。5As a mountain climber，Aron_is_ _used_ _to_ _taking_ risks.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯了冒险。6But when his water_ran_ _out_，he knew that he woul
11、d have to do something _to_ _save_ his own life.但是当他的水用尽的时候，他知道他将必须做些事情来拯救自己的性命。7Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions，and of _being_ _in_ _control_ _of_ ones life.阿伦讲述了做出正确决定和掌握自己生命的重要性。8We need to_come_ _up_ _with_ a plan for the City Park CleanUp Day.我们需要为城市公园清洁日提出一个计划。9They told
12、me stories about the past and how things _used_ _to_ _be_他们给我讲过去的故事，讲过去是什么样子的。10She could read _by_ _herself_ at the age of four.她在四岁时就能够独自看书了。11Volunteering here is a dream _come_ _true_ for me.在这里当志愿者对我来说是梦想成真。12You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and _cheer_ _them_ _up_你可以请求医院让你去看望孩
13、子们并让他们振作起来。13You helped to _make_ it _possible_ for me to have Lucky.有了你的帮助，我才可能拥有“幸运儿”(狗名)。交际用语谈论健康问题：1Whats the matter? 你怎么了？I have a cold.我感冒了。2Do you have a fever？你发烧吗？Yes，I do./No，I dont./I dont know.是的。/不，没有。/我不知道。给出建议：3What should she do？她应该做什么？She should take her temperature.她应该量一下她的体温。4I pl
14、ayed computer games all weekend.我整个周末都在玩电脑游戏。You need to take breaks away from the computer.你需要离开电脑休息一下。询问他人的意见：5Should I put some medicine on it？我应该在它上面敷点药吗？Yes，you should./No，you shouldnt.是的，你应该。/不，你不应该。评论他人的经历：6They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.他们给我讲过去的故事，讲过去是什么样子的。Tha
15、t sounds interesting.那听起来很有趣。语法1.情态动词should，shouldnt，could用于提建议(详见第二编P144145)2反身代词(详见第二编P118)3.动词不定式作宾语、目的状语和宾语补足语(详见第二编P153)4动词短语话题Unit 1 Health and first aid(健康与急救)Unit 2 Volunteering and charity(志愿服务与慈善)教材重难点讲解lie v躺；平躺(教材八下P2)【辨析】lie与lay单词词性词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie动词躺；位于说谎laylainlyingliedliedlyinglay动词放
16、置；下蛋laidlaidlayinglie名词谎言选择填空。(D)1.(易错题)The little girl who _on the bed _to her mother that the old hen had _two eggs.Alay；lay；lied Blied；lied；liedClaid；laid；laid Dlay；lied；laid单词拼写。2(2018衡阳中考)The West Lake _lies_(位于) in Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province.lonely adj.孤独的；寂寞的(教材八下P10)【辨析】alone与lonely单词词性含义及用法
17、例句alone形容词“独自的；单独的”，表示无人陪伴，只陈述一个客观事实，不带感情色彩，在句中作表语I was travelling alone in the lonely island.I didnt feel lonely though I was alone.我独自在荒凉的岛上旅行。虽然孤身一人，但我并不感到寂寞。副词“独自地；单独地”，用在实义动词后，相当于by oneself，常在句中作方式状语lonely形容词“孤独的”，主观上感到“孤独的”，感情色彩浓厚，强调心灵上的孤独与寂寞，常在句中作表语“荒凉的；偏僻的；人迹罕至的”，常用于修饰表示地点的名词，只能作定语选择填空。(B)1.
18、(易错题)The old man lives _，but he doesnt feel _.Alonely；alone Balone；lonelyClonely；lonely Dalone；alone(C)2.(2018上海中考)Old Mr.Green doesnt feel _ because some students visit him regularly.Asadly BgentlyClonely Dangrilyraise v募集；征集(教材八下P12)【辨析】rise与raise两个词都有“举起、提高、升起”之意，但其用法不尽相同。rise不及物动词升起，增加，提高不规则动词，过
19、去式rose，过去分词为risenraise及物动词使升高；提高；饲养；筹集；征集规则动词，过去式和过去分词均为raised选择填空。(B)1.(百色背景特色题)The Baise government isworking hard _ money to build a wider country road.Araise Bto raiseCraising Dto rise(B)2.(2018呼和浩特中考)The price of vegetables _ so quickly these days.Oh，no，but I dont think so.Aafford BrisesCimprov
20、es Draisegive up放弃(教材八下P7)【点拨】(1)give up是动副短语，后接代词作宾语时，必须放在两词中间；后接名词作宾语时，可放在两词之间或之后。如： Although English is very difficult，I dont want to give it up.虽然英语很难，但是我还是不想放弃。【拓展】give的相关短语选择填空。(B)1.(2018义乌中考改编)Mom，you taught us never to _ what we love.Afind out Bgive upChand out Dpick up(D)2.(2018贵港市平南县四模)Unc
21、le Li is a kind man.He often collects some old books and then_ to the children in the poor areas.Agives up them Bgives them upCgives away them Dgives them awaycheer up(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来(教材八下P9)【点拨】(1)cheer up可以单独使用，表示“变得更高兴，振奋起来”。(2)cheer sb.up意为“使某人高兴起来”，相当于make sb.happy。如果宾语是名词或词组，可放在cheer up的中间或后面，若是代
22、词作宾语，则只能放在cheer up的中间。如：Please give Mary a call，and it can cheer her up.给玛丽打个电话吧，这样能让她高兴起来。【拓展】本次梳理含有up的短语选择填空。(C) (2018苏州中考) Little Jenny looks unhappy today.Dont worry.A box of chocolates will_her_.A give；up Bwake；upCcheer；up Dpick；up Whats the matter? 你怎么啦？I have a stomachache.我胃疼。(教材八下P1)【点拨】(1)
23、Whats the matter？意为“怎么了？”，常用来询问身体有什么不适或有什么不顺心的事，也可以用来询问某物出了什么故障，后面可接with sb./sth.，表示“某人或某物怎么了”。(2)由ache构成的复合名词(表示身体某个部位疼痛)。如：headache头痛(3)表达身体部位疼痛的表达方式“havea名词”型短语。如：have a fever发烧【拓展】选择填空。(A)_He hurt himself.He had a backache.AWhats the matter with Ben?BWhats matter with Ben?CWhats the wrong with B
24、en?DWhats trouble with Ben?一、根据首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。1(2017贵港80题)Its important for young people to make a right _decision_(决定) for their future.2(2017贺州90题)My bike is broken.My father is fixing it up for me now.3(2016贺州85题)The old man lives _alone_(独自)So he feels lonely.Lets go to visit him.4(2015贵港77题
25、)Everyone in our class will _cheer_(欢呼) if our team wins the game.5(2015河池79题)The girl is old enough to dress herself二、选择填空。(D)1.(2018天津中考)She is too busy to help us finish the work.Lets do it _.Aherself BmyselfCitself Dourselves(C)2.(2018贵港市平南县二模)What do you volunteer to do for the Art Festival?I h
26、elp to _ posters after school to let more people know it.Aset out Bhang outChand out Dwork out(A)3.(2018湘西中考改编) Molly has changed so much! She _be shy and quiet.Yeah.But now she_speaking in front of class.Aused to；is used toBis used to；used toCused to；used toDis used to；is used to(A)4.(2018苏州中考) Im
27、Daisy，not Jessie. Sorry，I have difficulty _ peoples names. Aremembering BrememberCto remember Dremembered(D)5.(百色期末测试)Lucy took her temperature and found she had a_.Acough BtoothacheCcold Dfever请完成精练本第2122页作业高频话题写作指导志愿者活动话题解读“志愿者活动”属于中学英语课程标准“社会行为”话题，此类话题可能涉及到的内容有：学雷锋活动、植树活动、看望孤寡老人、社会劳动服务等一系列的活动。分析百
28、色及广西其他地区近五年(20142018)关于志愿者活动相关话题的书面表达可知：2018年百色要求用日记描述一次义务劳动和2017年百色要求用日记记下你助人的一件事均属于该话题范畴，2016年贵港也涉及到社会实践的相关内容。从命题角度看，学生可写的内容丰富，可以是某次社会活动的计划，也可以是回顾活动内容而撰写的日记、活动倡议书等等。这类型的写作能很好地考查学生对校园外、学习外的社会行为的认知和看法。此类文章的书写，能够激发学生参与社会活动的积极性，激发学生健康向上的生活热情。预计2019年中考关于志愿者活动的相关话题仍然是高频话题之一。写作素材包常用作文开头语：1They made meaningful posters to help people know Baise culture better.2As
