1、高考英语短文改错常考考点归纳高三英语复习资料之短文改错 归纳短文改错错误类型: (一) 词法的测试 1.名词:主要是查名词是否可数,与其修饰语是否一致。 eg: 1) I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music. Hobby是可数名词,在这要用复数形式;playing football是一项运动,football只是一种球; sing 和listen to 要用动名词形式。 2) Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作运动讲是不可数名词,do exercise作主语要用动名
2、词形式,谓动用单数;healthy是形容词,这里要用名词形式。 3) Reading books is one of my hobby. one of 后的名词应用复数形式。 2. 代词:对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容及在句中的作用,注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致,常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。 1).He drove too fast, and the police stopped her. 前面提到的是he而后面却用her来代,故应将her改为him. 2).This is the best film which I hav
3、e ever seen. 先行词前有最高级修饰应用关系代词that 而不是which。 3. 冠词:英语中只有三个冠词,但用起来却很复杂,在短文改错中,错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用,不该用时却用了;该用an用了a,该用a(n)却用了the. 1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the things letter为可数名词,故write后应加a. 2) I like playing the football. 去the 3) He is a honest boy. a改为an 4. 介词:检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配, 介词惯用
4、词组等是否正确。 1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help. thank sb. for sth.为固定搭配,故应将with 改为for. 2) Im the happiest in all. 此句想表达的意思是“我是所有人中最高兴的”。故应将in改为 of. 3) Under the help of my father, I under 改为 with 4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday. in 改为on 5. 形容词、副词:形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词,该用副词的地方用了形容
5、词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么,形式是否正确,是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误 用也是常考的改错项目之一。 1) I had not interest in English .interest是名词,应用形容词no来修饰,而not是副词,副词不能修饰名 1 2) These are the happier girls Ive ever seen.(NMET2007) 此处有Ive ever seen限定,应用最高级,故happier应改为 happiest. 3) You can borrow a book very easy. easy 改为easi
6、ly. 4) These books are very worth reading. 用well 修饰 6. 连词:短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确,是否符合句子意思;连接的是词还是句子,是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but , not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neither nor, as well as等。 1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sp
7、orts meeting. 由于前句有As引导原因状语从句,因此后句不能再用so,故应把so 去掉。 2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people. 根据上下文意思判断,前后两个并列分句不存在意义上的折, 所以but应改为and或so.这是典型的并列连词误用。 7. 动词:动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大,它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态、语态错误;易混动词的用法错误; 动词的第三人称单数错误;动词的非谓语形式,以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中,动词方面的考查比例较大。 1) 动词的时态、语态错
8、误 a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together. take photos动作发生在过去,应用过去时. b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days. 根据本句意义,should后应加上been,构成被动语态。 c. In school, I often playing football for my friends. playing改为 play; for 改为with 2) 易混动词使用错误 a. I persuad
9、ed him to stop smoking, but he didnt listen. persuade 意为“说服”,强调成功的结果,而根据下句 he didnt listen可知,劝说并没有成功,故应改persuaded为 advised. b. You please rise your hands. rise是不及物动词,而raise是及物动词,所以举手应用 raise your hands.这属于及物动词与不及物动词的误用。 3) 非谓语动词使用错误 a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party. look fo
10、rward to 中的to是介词,应加动名词,将see改为seeing. b. Im sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffi c. 在任何情况下keep均和doing连用,如keep doing sth.; keep sb. (sth).doing sth. ;keep from doing等. c. Id like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country. to后加be。因其后是名词,而不是动词原形,不能直接用to. 8.
11、 词语固定搭配: 主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配;副词、 动词的固定搭配;及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词,英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。 1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary. keep a diary是固定搭配,意思是“写日记”. 2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. To ones surprise 是固定搭配 3) I thought that was dull to watch a game(NMET2005) 此题考查it的功能,It
12、 + be + adj. + to do为固定结构。 4) the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.解析: not only but also为固定结构,故将and 改为but. 5) I have no difficulty learn maths. have difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定结构 6) He spends too much time play games. spend some time (in) doing sth.为固定结构 (二) 句法的测试: 1主谓语在数上的一致; I
13、hope everything are ok with you. are 改为is 2名词性从句; A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that是连词,在从句中无任何意义,而后面的宾语从句缺宾语,用what引导宾语从句作宾语从句的宾语。 3定语从句; This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out. them改为 which 4强调句型;It is/was +被强调的部分+that/who It was in 1949 when he
14、 joined the army. when改为that 5句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。 (三)语篇的测试语篇的测试包括: 1上下文中的时态是否一致; 2上下文中的代词是否一致; 3上下文中的逻辑是否一致; 4上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。 四、注意问题: 短文改错时改“错”,而不是把文中的表达法改成另外的表达形式。很多考生对这个概念比较模糊。把原文中并没有错的形式改成了自己认可的另外一种形式,虽然改后的表达法也是对的,但这样做偏离了这类题型的答题要求,因而也不能得分。 高考英语高频词组汇【经典100组】 很多同学觉得英语学不会很大程度上有由于词汇量太少所致。然而其实不
15、然,有一些词汇很简单,你个个都认识可组合起来就不一定了或者意思就会产生偏差,这就是名曰词组的东西。可恰恰有些词组总是受到高考命题老师们的偏爱,特此整理出来以便同学们整理背诵。 1 abandon oneself to sth. 完全屈从于(某种感情或冲动) 2 have a (the )ability to do sth. ( have the ability in doing sth.)有能力做某事 3 to the best of ones ability 尽力 4 be about to do when正准备做某事突然。 5 above all 首先,最重要; in all 总计 aft
16、er all 毕竟; 终究 6 at home and abroad 在国内外 go abroad 出国 7 in sb.s absence 不在时 in the absence of (人)不在时 be absent from 缺席 8 be absorbed in 全神贯注于 9 access to 接近;进入 10 by accident 偶然 by chance by mistake 由于错误 11 be delayed through an accident 由于事故而耽误 12 be accompanied by 附有;伴随 13 according to (后面不接view,op
17、inion); in my opinion 14 collect accounts收账; open an account 开账户; keep accounts 记账 ; account for说明; give a full account of 做一个完整的说明; on account of=because of 因为 15 accuse sb. of控告某人; charge sb. with sth. 起诉某人; Blame sb. for sth. 责备某人 16 be accustomed to sth.( to doing sth.)=be used to sth.(to doing
18、sth.)习惯于干某事 17 have some acquaintance with 熟悉;熟知 18 come (run) across (偶然)碰到 ; get sth. across 使人理解;领会 19 act as充当,担任 act out 表演(对话、故事); act on(upon) 对。起作用 20 catch sb. in the act of doing sth. 抓住某人干某事; take action 采取行动 21 be active in 在。积极 take an active part in 积极参加lead an active life过着积极的生活 22 ad
19、apt oneself to 使自己适应 adapt sth. to 使某物适应 adapt from 根据。改写(改编) 23 add in 包括;加进去 add to 增加;加强 add to 把。加到。上 add up to 合加起来 24 be addicted to sth.( doing sth. ) 嗜好。的;上了。瘾的 25 in addtion/ in addtion to 此外 26 deliver an address to 向。发表演讲 giving a closing address 致闭幕词 an address of welcome 欢迎词 27 admit to
20、 sth.( doing sth.) 承认 28 in advance=beforehand 提前 29 be of great (no ) advantage to 对。大大有利(毫无裨益) gain(have) an advantage over优于;胜过; take advantage of sb. 利用某人;欺骗某人 30 put an advertisement 登广告 31 ask for sb.s advice 征求某人的建议 give sb. advice on how to do sth. 就如何 何干某事提出忠告 32 advise sb. on sth. 就某事对某人提出
21、忠告;advise sb. against( doing) sth.劝某人不干某事 33 be afraid of 害怕;担心 be afraid to do 不敢做某事 34 be after 寻求;追求 35 be against ones proposal 反对(意见 go against nature违背自然stand against the wall 靠墙而立 36 at the age of 在。岁时; be under age 未成年 37 agree with sb.( what 从句 ); agree with the climate/饮食对气候等的适应 agree to +
22、advice/suggestion/ idea/proposal agree on (upon) 。就。达成一致意见 38 ahead of ( time) 在。前面 go ahead 继续;前进 39 aid sb. in sth./aid sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 in aid of 支持;give sb. first aid对某人实施急救 40 aim at 瞄准 41 on the air(用无线电、电视)播送 in the air 在空中; by air 乘飞机; put on (give oneself) airs 摆架子 42 all along 一直;始终 a
23、ll over the country(world)遍及全国(世界) all alone 单独;独自地 all but 几乎;差一点 43 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 44 let alone 更不用说 There is not enough room for us,let alone six dogs. 45 get along (on) with 在。方面有进展 take along with 随身携带 46 not onlybut also 47 make an analysis of 分析 48 in the
24、ancient time 在古代 49 and so on/and so forth 等等 50 be angry about sth.对某事生气 be angry at sth.因某事生气 be be angry with sb.生某人的气 51 annoy sb. with sth./annoy sb. by doing sth. 因。使某人生气;52 one after another 相继 53 answer for 对。负责 answer sb.s call 回电话 make no answer 不作回答 54 be anxious about ( for) 为。担心 be anxi
25、ous to do 渴望(急于)做某事 55 apologize to sb. for sth./ make an apology to sb. for sth 因某事向某人道歉 56 in appearance 外貌上 make ones appearance 登台 by/from all appearances 显然 57 applyto将。应用于 apply for 申请 apply to 适应于 apply oneself to 专心致志于; apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物 58 appoint sb. to a post 派某人任某职; appoint a
26、 time for the meeting 约定开会时间 59 approach to 接近 make an approach to 对。进行探讨 60 approve of 赞同 61 argue with/against sb. about/on sth. 与某人辩论某事;argue sb. into doing 说服某人做某事 62 arm in arm 肩并肩 hand in hand 手拉手 ; shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩 take sth. in ones arms 抱 be armed to the teeth 全副武装 63 arrange for 安排;
27、准备 arrange with sb. about sth. 与某人商定某事 make an arrangement( arrangements) for做好准备;安排 64 as a whole 作为总体 on the whole 总体上 65 asas one can 尽力;尽可能 66 as to/with regard to 至于;说到 67 be ashamed at sth. 为某事感到羞愧be ashamed for 为某人感到羞愧 68 ask for sth. 请求 ask sb. for sth. 向某人索取某物 ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 69
28、every aspect of=all the aspects of 各个方面 70 assist sb. with sth./assist sb. in doing sth./assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 71 associate.with把。和。联系起来 ; in association with 与。联手 72 be astonished( surprised) at (the news) 对。感到惊奇 73 at the latest 最迟 74 e attached to 附属于。;依恋; attach sth. to把。贴上把。系在。上 75 atte
29、mpt/try to do sth.(make an attempt to do sth.) 企图做。;attempt at sth. 试图获得 76 attend on/to sb. 照看/护理某人; attend to 关心;照料 77 attract/capture/catch/draw/get ones attention 吸引某人注意 hold ones attention on 将注意力集中于 devote ones attention to 专心于 turn ones attention to 将注意力转向 pay attention to 注意 78 ones attitude
30、 towards某人的态度对。 79 on (the ) average按平均; above( below) average 平均以上(下) 80 be aware of 意识到,觉察 81 back and forth 来回地(屋内) 82 at the back of sb./at sb.s back 支持某人;at the back of 在。后 lie on ones back 朝天躺着 83 go from bad to worse 每况愈下 84 go bad(wrong/hungry) 变腐 85 keep(lose) balance 保持(失去)平衡 ; be in the b
31、alance 悬而未决 86 ban( prohibit) sb.from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事 be under a ban被禁止 87 base sth. on/upon sth. 以。为基础; be based on 基于 onbasis=on the basis of 以。为根据;在。基础上 88 battle against 向。开战; battle with 与。搏斗; battle for为。而战 89 because of + 名词(代词、 what 从句) 90 make the bed 整理床铺;in bed/on the bed 在床上 91 beg sb. to do sth.恳求某人干某事; beg for sth. 请求得到 beg sth. of sb.恳求某人某事 92 begin with 从。开始 93 on behalf of 代表 ; on sb.s behalf 以某人的名义 94 believe in 信赖 95 belong to (无被动语态
