1、常用地质学英语词汇2. GEOLOGY 地质2.1 LITHOLOGY CASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION ORDER岩性分类与描述顺序2.1.1 Rock Types岩石类型SediSedimentry沉积岩clasclastic碎屑岩sssandstone砂岩mdstmudstone泥岩shshale页岩clyst, clstclaystone粘土岩sdsand砂mSsdmedium sandstone中砂岩fsstfine sandstone细砂岩bldrboulder卵石pblpebble卵石grlgravel砾石cglconglomerate砾岩gywkgra
2、ywacke硬砂岩cblcobble大鹅卵石arkarkose长石砂岩grnlgranule粒砂brecbreccic角砾岩biocbioclastic生物碎屑岩vcrs sstvery coarse sandstone极粗砂岩arglargillite泥板岩gypgypsum石膏anhyanhydrite硬石膏sltsalt盐岩flint-lingite隧石carbonate碳酸盐岩lslimestone灰岩，石灰岩dolodolomite白云石dolstdolostone白云岩mrlsmarlstone泥灰石coqcoquina贝壳灰岩biospbiosparte生物亮晶灰岩biomibi
3、omicrite生物微晶灰岩clcarcalcarenite灰屑岩，钙屑灰岩27clcltcalcilutite泥屑石灰岩micrmicrite微晶灰岩clcrdcalcirudite砾屑石灰岩clsltcalcisilitite粉砂屑石灰岩grstgrainstone粒状灰岩oolitic limestone鲕状灰岩Igneous Rock火成岩intrusive igneous侵入岩extrusive igneous喷出岩volccolcanic火山岩grtgranite花岗岩drdiorite闪长岩grdrgrano diorite花岗闪长岩qu drquartz diorite石英闪长
4、岩dr podiorite porphyrite闪长玢岩syenite正长岩gab, gbgabbro辉长岩qu poquartz porphyrite石英玢岩anandesite安山岩basbasalt玄武岩aragaragonite纹石，霞石MetaMetsmorphic rock变质岩phylphyllite千枚岩slslate板岩schschist片岩mblmarble大理岩gnegneiss片麻岩qtztquartzite石英岩novacnovaculite致密石英岩2.1.2 COLColor, Colour颜色blkblack黑色brnbrown棕色yelyellow黄色gy,
5、grygrey灰色ororange橙色，桔色blblue蓝色gn, grngreen绿色wi, whtwhite白色pnkpink粉红色plpurple紫色28lavlavender浅紫色，淡紫色bfbuff浅黄色tntan棕黄色chocchocolate褐色ochochve褐色，黄褐色olvolive橄榄色crmcream奶油色mottmotted杂色，斑点voclvaricoloree杂色的ambamber琥珀色ltlight淡的dk, drkdark暗的cccolor code颜色代码2.1.3Hardness硬度VHDvery hard非常硬MHDmiddle hard中硬Hhard硬
6、SFTsoft软VSFTvery soft非常软2.1.4Roundness磨圆sharp angular尖棱状angleangular棱角状subanglesubangular次棱角状subrndsubround次圆状rndround圆状well round磨圆好2.1.5Grain Size Terminology颗粒大小术语(see app. Table)（见附表）2.1.6Sorting分选gogood好ffair一般mdmedium中等prpoor差ccoarsely粗造2.1.7Cementation胶结，胶结物29cpcompact胶结致密dnsdense胶结密实wellwell
7、胶结好lseloose胶结疏松sdy aresandy arenaceous砂质sdysandy砂质mdy aremudy argillaceous泥质ethyearthy泥质clyclay粘土质cal, calccalcarous钙质sisiliceous硅质limlimy灰质kaokaolin高岭土质carbcarbonaceous碳质的qtzcquartzitic石英质quartzizose石英质的nacnacreous珍珠质2.1.8 Accessories of Rock岩石的次要成分minmineral矿物accessary mineral次生矿物qz, qtzquartz石英mi
8、c, micamicaceous云母muscmuscovite白云母biotbiotite黑云母srctsericite绢云母fldfeldspar长石orthorthpclase正长石plagplagioclase斜长石gabgabbro辉长石pypyrite黄铁矿lmtlimonite褐铁矿magmagnetite磁铁矿calccalcite方解石doldolomite白云石gypgypsum石膏anhyanhydite无水石膏sasalt盐asphasphalt沥青bitbitumen沥青gilgilsomite天然沥青flntflint黑燧石，电石30chtchert黑硅石chkcha
9、lk白垩fosfossils化石micfomicrofossil微化石macfomacrofossil大化石pl fosplant fossil植物化石vrtbvertebrate脊椎动物ancient life古生物faufauna动物群floflora植物群spo, sprspore孢子，孢粉tritrilobite三叶虫corcoral珊瑚shlshell贝壳ammammonite菊石algalgae藻类diatdiatoms硅藻charcharophyte轮藻类grapgraptolite笔石类ostostracod介形虫（节肢动物）paraparaparchites介形虫conoco
10、nodont牙形虫crincrinoid海百合TentTentaculities竹节石属mollmollusc软体动物EchEchinoid海胆类（棘皮动物）BryBryozoa苔藓动物门CephCephalipod头足纲（软体类）BelmBelmnifera箭石属（头足类）BrachBrachinopoda腕足类（动物门）CypCypridopsis斗星介属（介形类）foramforaminifera有孔虫类EndoEndothgra内卷虫属（有孔虫类）GlobGlobigerina抱球虫属（有孔虫类）GastGasttropod腹足纲（软体动物）FusFusulinicl纺锤蜓2.1.9
11、Depositional Distinguishing Feature沉积识别特征sedimentary structure沉积构造bddbeded层状的bnddbanded层状的bandband夹层31xlamcrosslaminated交错层理xbddcrossbeded交错层intbddinterbeded互层的，夹层的crnkcrinkled褶皱contcontact接触，界面unconfunconformity不整合confconformity整合crevcrevive裂隙concconcretion结核，含有物nodnodules结核。团块vesvesicular多孔状lumpyl
12、umpy块状conchconchoidal贝壳状grangranular颗粒状slkysilky丝状glglassy玻璃状fibfibrous纤维状glblrglobular球状xlcrystal结晶xlncrystalline结晶体2.1.10 Others其它porosity孔隙度gdgood15%好fair10 15%中等poor5 10%较差traceless 5%微小fissibity解理，可劈性clvgclesvage解理，劈理crystal or grain size晶体形状与颗粒大小texture结构lstrlustre光泽silky丝绢光泽swelling propertie
13、s膨胀度，膨胀性solubiling吸水性accessory mineral次生矿2.1.11 Examination for Hydrocarbon Shows油气显示鉴定hydrocarbon indication油气显示oil show description油气显示描述fluorescence observation荧光观察dir fluodirect fluorescence湿照32sample fluorescence 干照cut fluo cutting fluorescence 滴照solvent fluorescence 浸泡照射no fluo no fluorescence
14、 无荧光显示micro trace 显示相当微弱trace 微弱present 有，中等important 强very important 很强bri bright 明亮2.2 THE EXAMPLES OF LITHOLOGY DESCRIPTION岩性描述范例2.2.1 Noncarbonate , clastic 非碳酸盐岩，碎屑岩If the representative samples from the siever have been selected and the percentage of the various constituents have been estimate
15、d, then the logical order of the sample description is:如果从筛子中已选出具有代表性的岩样，而且该岩样的各组份含量已估计出，那么该岩样的描述顺序则为：1,ROCK TYPE岩性，岩石类别2,COLOR颜色3,HARDNESS硬度（硬化作用）The common adjectives describing induration are:硬化作用一般的形容描述内容是：densehardmedium-hardsoftspongy密集的，硬的，中等坚硬，软的，多孔的friablecompactbrittleslatey松散的致密的脆的板状的4,GR
16、AIN SIZE颗粒大小see to figure 2,1.5 （见图表2， 1， 5）5,GRAIN SHAPE颗粒形状The only five general classes are considered and defined as following:唯一可考虑的五种一般类别为：sharpangularsubangularroundedwellrounded尖棱状棱角状次棱角状磨圆状好的磨圆状6,SORTING分选作用7,LUSTER光泽The common used terms of the luster are: 关于光泽一般常使用的词组有：coated pitted frost
17、ed deeply etched frosty silky覆盖物 坑状物 霜状表面 深度侵蚀 霜状的 丝绢光泽33oily vitreous glassy shiny translucent earthy油脂光泽 透明的 玻璃的 发亮的 半透明的 泥土状waxy sooty velety soapy resinous蜡状的 乌黑色 天鹅绒状 肥皂状 树脂状8, CEMENTATION 胶结，胶结物calcite dolomite sulfates iron oxides silica pyrite clays silts方解石 白云石 硫酸盐 氧化铁 硅质 黄铁矿 粘土 粉砂siderite菱
18、铁矿9,STRUCTURE构造The structure of sandstone refers to:砂岩的构造一般是指：laminationsfracturesfractures patternsbanding nodular纹理裂缝裂缝形式条纹结核状The common structures of shales and siltstone are: 页岩和粉砂岩的构造是指：massivelumpyplatylaminatedfoliatedfissile块状团块状纹层状薄片状裂片状splinteryflakey10,ACCESSORIES次生矿物The common but minor
19、constituents of sandstones are:常见的砂岩微量次生矿物有：biotitemuscoviteglauconitepyritebaritesideritechert黑云母白云母海绿石黄铁矿重晶石菱铁矿黑隧石coalssolid hydrocarbonsfossils煤固态烃化石11,INCLUSIONS夹杂物gypsumanhydritechertiron oxidesnoduiespellets of barite石膏无水石膏黑隧石氧化铁结核体重晶石球pyritemudoolitescoalconcretionary materials黄铁矿泥浆鲕状岩煤固结材料2.
20、2.2 Carbonate 碳酸盐岩After the lithology of the samples have been selected , the description of the carbonate can be do in the following order:岩样岩性选择好后，碳酸盐岩的描述可依以下顺序进行：1, COLOR 颜色The normal colors of limestones and dolomites are: gray, white, buff, brown石灰岩和白云岩的正常颜色是：灰色，白色，浅黄色，棕色2,GRAIN SIZE颗粒大小3,CHARA
21、CTOR OF GRAINS颗粒特征Fragments can be described in the same as sand grains:碎屑可和砂岩一样进行描述sharpangularsubangularroundedglobularspheroidal尖棱角棱角状次棱角状圆状球形扁球形34Oolites may be classed as: spheroidal, spherical, elliptical, irregular, flattened鲕粒可分类为：扁球形，球形，椭圆状，不规则状，拉平状4,TEXTURE结构see to the figure 2.3.4（参见表2。 3
22、。 4）5,STRUCTURES构造The structure feature of carbonate include:碳酸盐岩构造特征包括：stylolitesfracturesmicrofractureslaminaebandingcrinkling柱状构造裂缝构造微裂缝构造纹层状带状波状concretionswhorlsbrecciation结核状环状角砾状6,INCOUSIOUS夹杂物2.2.3 Hydrocarbon Show Description 油气显示描述Hydrocarbon show description should be written in the follow
23、ing order:油气显示的描述应按以下顺序来写：1, free oil in mud 泥浆中的游离油2, odor 油味，气味3, visible staining-color and percentage 可视染色情况：颜色和所占百分比4, fluorescence: rate, color, intensity and percentage荧光显示情况：级别，颜色，强度和百分比5, cut: rate, color, intensity and natural color泡荧光情况：级别，颜色，强度和自然颜色2.2.4 Examples 描述范例Sst: at 3185m. gy-wh
24、 . v hd . 70% cse gr . 20% m gr. 10% f gr. Subrnd-rndireg shaped ctgs. Tr calc, no foss. No vis por. No fluo砂岩：井深： 3185 米，灰色 -白色，含 70% 的粗砂， 20% 的中砂， 10% 的细砂。次圆 -圆状，岩屑形状不规则，微含方解石。 无化石。无可见孔隙。无荧光Ls: at 4255m. wh-gy. M hd . ireg shaped ctgs. 90% of ctgs show v dri- yel/gld fluo. Abnt free oil in mud as globs 2mm in dia石灰岩： 井深： 4255 米， 白色 -灰色，中硬。岩屑形状不规则。 荧光灯下 90%的岩屑呈现亮黄 - 金黄色。 泥浆中富含游离油， 油花直径为 2 毫米。2.2.5 Terms and Phases in Discussion of Lithology Description岩性描述讨论中使用的术语standard log form 标准录
