1、随堂语法点Modal verbs (I)may, should, must1 may1） May I take the book out of the reading room?2) He may know you. 3) He may not be there. 4) May you be happy! 2. should 1) You should tell your mother the secret at once.2) Its 4:30. They should be in New York by now.3) I dont know why you should think I d
2、id it.4) If it should rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meet.5) I should have checked the time before we left.6) I shouldnt have made such a foolish mistake.3 must1) You must work hard while young.2) You mustnt take the magazines out of the reading room.3) Must I finish the task rig
3、ht now? Yes, you must. (No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. )4) You simply must read this book.5） The machine must break down at this busy hour.6） She must live near here, for she comes to work on foot every morning.7） I cant find my book. I must have left it at home.归纳总结1 may表允许，意为“可以”，如例1；表可能性
4、，当用于肯定句时，意为“可能会”，如例2.3表示祝愿（用于比较正规场合或书面语中），此时句中谓语一般用动词原形，如例4。2 shouldshould作为情态动词，通常用来表示责任或义务，译作“应该、应当”，如例1；should也可表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论，译为“可能、按理应当”，如例2；should还可表示惊讶、不可思议、难以置信，常译为“竟会、居然”，如例3；should用在虚拟条件状语从句中，表示“万一”，即可能性很小的假设，如例4；should have done表示“过去本该做某事但实际没有做”，如例5；shouldnt have done表示“过去本不该做某事但实际却做了”，如
5、例6。3. must表示义务或责任，意思是“必须、一定要”，通常用于肯定句及疑问句，如例1；其否定式是must not或mustnt，意思是“不能、一定不要”，语气较强烈，如例2；回答must表“必须”引出的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt或dont have to，如例3； 表示劝告或建议，意思是“应该，得”，如例4；表示与说话人愿望相反，常译成“偏要”，如例5；表推测，暗含有很大的可能性，只用于肯定句，意思是“肯定；一定”，如例6；must have done表示对过去发生事情的肯定猜测，意为“过去肯定做过某事”，如例7。 学以致用 1. You _ take ph
6、otos here. It is not allowed.2. He looks so happy. He _ have passed the exam.3. _ all your dreams come true!4. The shirt _ be hand-washed. Dont wash it in the machine.5. My sister _ have phoned me this morning, but she forgot.Key: 1. mustnt 2. must 3. May 4. should 5. shouldModal verbs () ought to,
7、have to, mustnt， neednt1. ought to1) You oughtnt to make private phone calls in work time.2) He ought to be there by now.3) Ought I to write to apologize to her？4) They ought to come tomorrow, oughtnt they (= shouldnt they)? 他们应该明天来，是吗？2. have to1) My brother was very ill, so I had to call the docto
8、r in the middle of the night.2) Must I finish the task right now？Yes, you must. / Yes, you have to. （No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 不，不必。）3) You dont have to tell him about it.4) Do you have to go now. Yes, I do. 3. mustnt与neednt1) Smoking must not be allowed in the office.2) Must we hand i
9、n our exercises today? Yes, you must. （No, you neednt (you dont have to)）3) It must be that naughty boy crying outside. It cant be him, because he has gone to school.4) There are still one and a half hours to go. We neednt be in such a hurry. 归纳总结1. ought to 意为“应当”，一般可与should互换，但ought to语气更强，且多与责任、义
10、务相关。如例1.4 否定是ought not to或oughtnt to。如例1； 可以表示猜测。如例2； 疑问式是将ought提前。如例3； 在变为反意疑问句时，疑问部分用ought或should。如例4。2. have to 表示一种客观的需要，意思是“不得不”。 如例1； 否定形式是dont / doesnt / didnt have to，相当于neednt。如例2、3; 疑问式是在其前面用助动词do / does / did。如例4。3. mustnt 与neednt 表禁止。如例1； 用must提问时的否定回答须用neednt / dont have to。如例2； mustnt与
11、dont have to的意思大不相同，前者表示“禁止”，意思是“一定不能”；后者表示“没有必要”，意思是“不必”，相当于neednt。如例2； must常用于肯定句中表示猜测、推测，意为“一定”；表示“不可能”时要用cant。如例3； need用于否定句和疑问句中意为“必要”。如例4。学以致用用以上情态动词的适当形式填空。1. One_cross the street against the red light.2. His mother is ill, so he_take care of her.3. I have to stay at home preparing my lessons
12、.But you_. Tomorrow is Sunday.4. Mikes father is ill, but you_tell him, because he is to take an important examination.Key: 1. ought not to / mustnt 2. has to 3. neednt / dont have to 4. mustnt情态动词小练（二）1. I lived with my sister this summer and didnt have to pay rent. So I _ save most of my salary. A
13、. was able to B. would C. could D. should2. I promised to get there before 5 oclock, but now the traffic is still so heavy. They _ for me impatiently. A. may wait B. must be waiting C. could wait D. ought to wait3. I _ her, but I never could. A. ought to help B. must help C. must have helped D. ough
14、t to have helped 4. The Smiths went to the country for the weekend as they _ to the office. A. neednt have gone B. mustnt go C. may not go D. didnt have to go5. My parents never remember my telephone number, and they always _ look it up. A. should B. can C. have to D. must6. Bobby _ me your secret,
15、but he meant no harm. A. shouldnt have told B. should tell C. mustnt have told D. could tell 7. If you _ go, at least wait until the rain stops. A. can B. must C. should D. would8. You _ follow me if I am wrong. A. must B. dont have to C. wouldnt D. ought to 9. _ you like to have a walk with us this
16、 evening? A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Can10. Mr Wang, I will go and fetch four chairs for the meeting. You _ fetch four; two will do. A. wont B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt Key： 1-5 ABDDC 6-10 ABBCDGRAMMAR GUIDE宾语从句和表语从句 引导词的异同1. I think (that) you will like the pictures.2. My aunt said (that) sh
17、e would come and that she would also bring her daughter. 3. I asked the teacher whether / if we were going to the zoo tomorrow.4. They are worrying about whether they can get there in time.5. He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.6. I dont know why Jane was late for school this morning.7.
18、 The trouble is that I have lost his address.8. The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.9. It is because you eat too much.10. It looks as if it is going to rain.11. That is what he meant.12. The problem is when he will finish the project. 小结归纳（一） 宾语从句that在引导宾语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，且通常可以省略
19、，如句1； 如果含有两个相并列的宾语从句时，那么通常只有第一个连词that可以省略，第二个从句的that一般不能省略，如句2。whether和if的意思为“是否”，在一般情况下，二者都可以引导宾语从句，如句3；但是在介词之后的宾语从句通常只能用whether, 如句4；可以引导宾语从句的连接代词主要有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever等，如句5；可以引导宾语从句的连接副词主要有：where, when, how, why等，如句6。（二） 表语从句 that在引导表语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，但是通常不省略，如句7； 通常只
20、能用whether，意为“是否”，如句8。 连词还可用because, 如句9；也可用as if,如句10。 代词主要有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever等，副词主要有：where, when, how, why等如句11.12；即学即用1. Catherine said _ she had never been to Guangzhou.2. This is _ we should do.3. I dont know _ they have passed the exam.4. His first question was _
21、Mr. Smith had arrived yet. 5. What the police want to know is _ you entered the room.6. Linda said _ she met her old friend yesterday by accident.7. I can make more money, you know. Thats _ I want you to work there.8. I hardly understand _ he has told me.9. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do, he c
22、ame by car. 10. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _ it is. 11. Little Tommy was unwilling to tell the schoolmaster _ he had done the day before. 12. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. Key:1. that / 不填 2. what 3. if / whether 4. whether
23、5. when / how 6. that / 不填7. why 8. what 9. how 10. who 11. what 12. whether主语从句三要点寻规找矩1. What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well. 2. Who will go to the concert is not known.3. That she was chosen made us very happy.4. Whether she will come or not is still a que
24、stion.5. Which book they will choose is still unknown.6. When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. 7. Its strange that he knows nothing about it.8. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.9. It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. 小结归纳 (一)语序 主从用陈述“导 + 主 + 谓 +
25、其他”；但当连接代词同时充当从句主语时，其结构为“连接代词 + 谓语 + 其他成分”，如句1、2。 (二)引导词 that引导主语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，但通常不可以省略，如句3； whether引导主语从句时意为“是否”，通常不能用if来代替,如句4； 可以引导主语从句的连接代词主要有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever等，如句5； 可以引导主语从句的连接副词主要有：where, when, how, why等，如句6。 (三)常见句型 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，代替主语从句放在句首，而把主语从句置于句末
26、。常用句型如下： It + be + 形容词 + that 如句7; It + be + 名词 + that 如句8; It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that 如句9。即学即用I. 1. _ he didnt attend the meeting yesterday wasnt quite clear.2. The Foreign Minister said, “It is our hope _ the two sides will work towards peace.” 3. _ team will win the match is still unknown.4. _ come
27、s to the party will receive a present.5. _ Mary has left is still a question. 6. Its reported _ three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly.7. _ he solved the problem successfully interested all of us.8. We usually think _ we cant get seems better than what we have. 9. It is a
28、fact _ English is being accepted as an international language.10. _ is to be sent there to solve the problem hasnt been decided.II. 下列各句中均有一处错误，请改正。1. That the old mans son wanted to know was where the gold had been hidden. 2. It is reported when China has successfully sent Shenzhou VI spaceship int
29、o space.3. If he can finish his task on time is of great importance. 4. Whether the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing excited the whole nation.5. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, which our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.6. Whatever leaves the room last ought to tu
30、rn off the lights.7. Why they will solve the serious problem today has not been decided.8. When will win the English competition is still a problem.9. How our spring sports meet will be held or not this week is not known yet.10. Its strange when he should have gone away without telling us.Key:I 1. Why 2. that 3. Which 4. Whoever5. Whether 6. that 7. How 8. what 9. that 10. WhoII 1. That What 2. when that 3. If Whether 4. Whether That
