1、词汇学期末复习题及答案Supplementary Exercises for ME. Lexicology 1Part I Multiple choices.1.The definition of a word includes _. A. a minimal free form that can function alone B. a unit of meaning C. a sound unity D. all of the above 2.A word is _ of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic
2、function. A. a minimal free form B. a smallest meaningful unit C. an element which can not be further analyzed D. a grammatically minimal form 3.The Indo-European language family consist of_. A. all the languages in Europe and India B. all the languages in India and some languages in Europe. C. most
3、 of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India.D. Some of the languages of Europe and all the languages of the Near East 4.The symbolic connection of a word to a particular thing is almost always _.A. logical B. arbitrary C. inherent D. automatic 5.The prehistoric Indo-European parent languag
4、e is thought to be _. A. A highly inflected language. B. A highly developed language. C. A very difficult language. D. A language of leveled endings. 6.More than one variant, which can realize some morphemes according to the position in a word, are termed .A. phonemes B. allomorphs C. morphs D. phon
5、es 7.Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as .A. morphemes B. derivational morphemes C. inflectional morphemes D. suffixes 8. is defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as . A
6、. derivation, affixation B. affixation, derivation C. derivative, affixation D. affixation, derivative 9.Sometimes, the meaning of a compound can be inferred from its separate elements, for example, . A. hot dog B. red meat C. flower pot D. fat head 10. is universal to all men alike regardless of cu
7、lture, race, language and so on while belongs to language, so is restricted to language use. A. meaning, concept B. concept, meaning C. sense, reference D. reference, sense 11.When readers come across the word “home” in reading, they may be reminded of their family, friends, warmth, safety, love. Th
8、at is because of the “home” has _. A. collocations B. connotations C. denotations D. perorations 12.Which of the following belongs to a semantic field?A. steed, charger, palfrey, plug, nag B. pony, mustang, mule, stud, mare C. policeman, constable, bobby, cop D. domicile, residence, abode, home 13.W
9、hich group of the following are perfect homonyms? A. dear (a loved person)deer (a kind of animal) B. bow (bending the head as a greeting)bow(the device used for shooting) C. bank (the edge of the river)bank (an establishment for money business) D. right (correct)write (put down on paper with a pen)
10、14.The part of a piece of writing or speech which surrounds a word and helps to explain its meaning is called _. A. Linguistic context B. Grammatical context C. Extra-linguistic context D. Para-linguistic context 15. means through all difficulties and troubles. A. through high and low B. through thi
11、ck and thin C .from head to foot D. from start to finishPart II True or false questions.1.A rule of word-formation is usually identical with a syntactic rule. 2.Word-formation rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes to a certain extent. 3.Affixes like “-th” are very productive in current
12、English. 4.The chief function of prefixes is to change the word class of the stems. 5.The primary function of suffixes is to change the meaning of the stem. 6.Compounds are words formed by combining affixes and stems. 7.“-age, -al, -ance, -ation, -ence”in “linkage, dismissal, attendance, protection,
13、 existence” can produce largely concrete nouns by being added to verb stems. 8.The meaning of a compound is usually the combination of stems. 9.The free phrase has the primary stress on the first element and the secondary stress, if any, on the second. 10.In both compounds and free phrases the adjec
14、tive element can take inflectional suffixes. 11.Conversion is only a change of grammatical function of a lexical item with no loss of its different range of meaning originally conveyed. 12.A fully converted noun from an adjective has all the features of nouns except taking an indefinite article or,
15、-(e)s to indicate singular or plural number. 13.Generally, conjunctions, modals, finite verbs, prepositions cant be converted to nouns. 14.Although blends and backformed words have already achieved popularity in English, they are not advisable to be used frequently in formal writing. 15.Quite a numb
16、er of derivational affixes have more than one meaning.16.Simple words in English are usually non-motivated.17.Lexical meaning is dominant in content words.18.Componential analysis has no disadvantages.19.Polysemic and homonymous words are stylistically useful to achieving humor or irony, or to heigh
17、ten dramatic effect.20.In most cases, the native term is more literary than the foreign one.Part III Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. 1.Morphemes are abstract_ units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as morph_. The m
18、orpheme is to the morph what a phoneme _ is to a phone. Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph. Such alternative morphs are known as allomorphs_. 2.A word is a minimal free_ form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. 3.Functional words do not have notio
19、ns of their own. Therefore, they are also called _empty_ words. 4.According to semantics, a word is a unit of meaning . 5.Bound morphemes include bound roots and affixes . 6.The most productivemeans of word formation are affixation , compounding and conversion . 7.Only when a connection has been, es
20、tablished between the linguistic signand a referent , does the sign become meaningful. 8.Most morphemes are realized by single words like bird, tree, green, etc, Words of these kinds are called monomorphemic words. 9.With Norse invasion_, many Scandinavian words came into the English language.10.Ant
21、onyms are classified on the basis of semantic opposition .Part IV Explain the following terms with proper examples.1.Explain with examples morpheme, morph and allomorph2.Semantic field Part V Answer the following questions.1.What is collocative meaning? Give at least one example to illustrate your p
22、oint.2.Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.3.Analyzes the morphological structures of the following words and point out the
23、 types of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisonerAnswers for Exercise 1Part I Multiple choices.1-5 DACBA 6-10 BCBCB 11-15 BBCABPart II True or false questions.1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F 10.F 11.F 12.F 13.F 14.T 15.T 16. T 17. T 18. F 19. T 20. F Part III Fill in the blanks.1. a
24、bstract, morph, phoneme, allomorphs 2. free 3. empty 4. meaning 5. bound, affixes 6. affixation, compounding, conversion 7. referent 8. monomorphemic 9. Norse invasion 10. semantic oppositionPart IV Explain the following terms1. In morpheme-based morphology, a morpheme is the smallest linguistic uni
25、t that has semantic meaning. A morpheme is free if it can stand alone, or bound if it is used exclusively alongside a free morpheme. Morphs are the actual phonetic representations of the same morpheme. An allomorph is a variant form of the same morpheme, and all the morphs of the same morpheme are g
26、rouped as being the allomorphs of a morpheme. The concept occurs when a unit of meaning can vary in sound (phonologically) without changing meaning.English example: The word unbreakable has three morphemes: un-, a bound morpheme; break, a free morpheme; and -able, a bound morpheme. un- is also a pre
27、fix, -able is a suffix. Both un- and -able are affixes.The morpheme plural-s has the morph -s, /s/, in cats (/kts/), but -es, /z/, in dishes (/dz/), and even the voiced -s, /z/, in dogs (/dgz/). -s. These are allomorphs of the same morpheme plural -s.2. The concept is from the concept of “field” in
28、physics, referring to the clustering of a number of semantically related words. A semantic field is a set of lexemes in a named conceptual area that interrelate and define each other in specific ways. A general description is that words in a semantic field are not synonymous, but are all used to tal
29、k about the same general phenomenon. For example, the semantic field of “bugs” may include bees, spiders, moths, wasps, flies etc. According to semantic field theory a meaning of a word is dependent partly on its relation to other words in the same conceptual area. The kinds of semantic fields vary
30、from culture to culture.Part V Answer the following questions.1. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, pretty and handsome share
31、the conceptual meaning of good looking, but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with: pretty handsome.2. The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.（1）it is ambiguous（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（3）stop drinking can be understood as 1）police stop drinking by themselves 2）police stop people drinking （4）improvement1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.3. Morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic me
