1、高考英语非谓语动词详解及真题巩固高考英语非谓语动词非谓语动词定义 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。非谓语动词（一）动词不定式：1. 动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成； 否定式：not + to do构成，如：Its wrong of yo
2、u not to attend the meeting.2. 动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用。（1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.（2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. （3）作宾语：作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.
3、； 作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等.（4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去.（5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I dont think
4、 it right to do it that way. （6）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语： 目的状语： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首.如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的
5、作用.如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. 注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： wrong：To save money, every means has been tried. right：To save money, he has tried every means. 为了省钱，他使出了浑身解数。结果状语：表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果 意料之外)：常放在(never) only后 如：He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他来晚了，只见火
6、车已经走了。 I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜访他，只见他出去了。（7）作目的状语：既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾 To tell you the truth, I dont like the way he talked. 说实话，我不喜欢他讲话的方式。 （8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。 If you dont want to do it, you dont need to. 如果你不想做这件事，你就不必做。 （9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。 He wished to study medicine and become a d
7、octor. 他希望学医并成为医生。 3、复合结构不定式：由It is + adj+ for/of +sb + to do。其中for/of本身无意义。如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 如果adj.是用来表示人的品质特征的，那么一般要用of; 这类形容词为good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him
8、 every day.如果不是说明人的品质特征的adj则一般用for. 这类形容词为important, hard, easy, necessary, impossibly, difficult等。如：It is difficult for you to understand this problem.4、疑问词(what/ where/when/how/which) + to do：在句中可作主语、表语或宾语.如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.5、动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化：语态式一般式完成
9、式进行式完成进行式主 动to doto have doneto be doingto have been doing 被 动to be doneto have been done（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生. 如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前. 如：I am sorry to
10、have kept you waiting.（3）进行式：动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生, 如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.（4）动词不定式的被动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者。 如：What is to be done next hasnt been decided yet.非谓语动词（二）动词-ing形式v-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没
11、有被动语态。现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种形式列表如下：动词 语态形式及物动词make不及物动词go主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式makingbeing madegoing完成式having madehaving been madehaving gone非谓语动词（三）过去分词作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过去分词，常表示该分词所表示的动作是由
12、别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的.如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找别人）把我的自行车给修了。作状语：过去分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语，是过去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确，常在分词前加when, if, while, though, as等连词.如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful. Given more time/ If given more time, we c
13、ould have done it better. （we是该结构的逻辑主语，是give的逻辑宾语。）独立主格：独立主格在句中一般只作状语用，至于独立主格中是使用v-ing或是v-ed，则要根据它们的主语和其所表示的动作的主动被动关系而定.如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注：The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest. 独立结构中的being或having been常可省去，如：The meeting (being) over, all left the room.
14、 作伴随状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替.如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks. She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.典型陷阱题分析 Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _ a good college. A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered【陷阱】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词 could 就断定
15、此处应填动词原形 enter。【分析】其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句，即在 could 后省略了动词 do，若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他们尽量安慰她。(2) They did everyth
16、ing they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题：(4) He ran as fast as he could _ to catch the early bus.A. to hope B. hope C. hoping D. hoped此题的答案是 C不是A，其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。(5) He spent every minute he could _ spoken English. A. pr
17、actise B. to practise C. practising D. practised此题答案选 C，这与前面动词 spent 的搭配有关，即 spend (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整，即为 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could _ his oral English. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving此题答
18、案选D，注意两点：一是 devote to 是固定搭配，意为“把贡献给”；二是其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。真题练习与讲解：1.(13北京21)Volunteering gives you a chance_lives, including your own. A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。意为：志愿者工作让你有一个可以改变生活的机会，包括你自己的生活。动词不定式作chance后置定语。2. (13重庆30)When I was little, my mother use
19、d to sit by my bed, me stories till I till asleep. A.having told B. telling C.told D. to tell 1、选项B的telling与后面的 me stories till I fell sleep一起构成现在分词短语做状语，表示伴随着my mother used to sit by my bed这件事同时发生的另一个动作。现在分词有表示动作正在进行的意义。telling me stories till I fell sleep的意思是“讲着故事，一直到我睡着”。而动词不定式一般是表示尚未做的事。如果把telli
20、ng换作to tell，那to tell me stories till I fell sleep就是“坐在我床边要讲故事，一直到我睡着”。V-ing作状语：时间状语：Seeing Tom, I couldnt help thinking of his brother. 分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when或while，如：When crossing street, you must be careful. 原因状语：Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate wai
21、ting for Betty. 2、 在英语句子中，如果有两个动作同时发生，一般是把主要动作用作谓语，另一个动作伴随发生，用现在分词短语表示。但两个动作都是句子的主语做的。对照你的句子看一下是不是这样再比. 如：她坐在那里打电脑游戏。 这句里有两个谓语动词坐、打（游戏），是同时发生的，但以“坐”为主要动作，是坐着的同时在打游戏。所以译成英语就是：She sits there(,) playing computer games. 再如：They are standing under the tree(,) talking with each other. 他们站在树下交谈着。 He lay aw
22、ake watching her for a long time. 他睁着眼躺在那里看她看了很长时间。 3、 When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, telling me stories till I fell asleep.这句话中的逗号与句子中答案的选择没有什么关系。关键是你对句子中谓语动词的分析。请接着再看： 4、如果伴随动作是被动的，则用过去分词。如：She sits there surprised at his reaction. 她坐在那里，对他的反应感到惊讶。 He lay on the ground, extrem
23、ely tired. 他躺在地上，累极了。 5、如果有两个动作发生有先后，则都译作谓语，如：他站起身来朝门口走去。He stood up and walked toward the door. 他找了一个座位坐下来。He found a seat and sat down. 3.(13北京29) When we saw the road_ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked 【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词作宾补，动词blo
24、ck与see的宾语the road之间为被动关系，构成短语see sb/ sth done。故选D。4. (13全国大纲25)I got to the office earlier that day, the 7:30 train from Paddington. A.caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught 【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。to do通常不会出现在逗号之后使用，横线前有逗号，故B,C两个选项均可排除。非谓语做状语时，其逻辑主语就是主句主语，故I 为catch这一非谓语动词的逻辑主语，两者之间为主动关系，故可排
25、除表被动的A项，D项表示主动且动作先于主句谓语发生，符合句意：因为赶上了7：30从Paddington出发的火车，我那天到办公室较早。【易错点拨】考生做本题容易误解空格处非谓语表目的而错选C项。牢记to do通常不会出现在逗号之后使用，且仔细研读分清动作发生的先后顺序是解题关键。5.(13福建22)_ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known 【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。此句谓语为wi
26、ll help，因此所选非谓语动词做主语，故使用动名词，答案选C。6.(13福建32)Anyone, once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government. A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test 【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词和状语从句的省略。状语从句连词once之后的非谓语动词与主句主语anyone之间为被动关系，故选过去分词。7.(13安徽32) in the early 20th centu
27、ry, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded 【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子主语the school与found之间为被动关系，故此处使用过去分词founded表被动并表完成动作。8. (13湖南25)The sun began to rise in the sky, _ the mountain in golden light. A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathed D.
28、have bathed【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词bathe与主语the sun之间为主动关系，且表示进行，故选B。 9.(13湖南29)You cannot accept an opinion _ to you unless it is based on facts. A. offering B. to offer C. having offered D. offered 【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。先判断此处需要填非谓语动词作opinion的后置定语；再判断opinion与动词offer间为被动关系，故答案选D。10.(13湖南31)_ warm at night, I w
29、ould fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay 【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处考查动词不定式表目的，意为：晚间，我为了保持暖和，我就把柴炉加满。11.(13江苏24) Lionel Messi_ the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player
30、in Europe. A. set B. setting C. to set D. having set 【答案】D【解析】他在一年中创下得分最多的记录，被认为是欧洲最有天赋的足球运动员。动词set在主句谓语动词is considered之前发生，且与逻辑主语Messi之间构成主谓关系，所以此处用现在分词的完成式。12. (13江苏31)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and_to ruins, the city took on a new look. A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduc
31、ed D. having reduced 【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。首先判断此处是and连接的after之后的并列的动名词形式；且reduce与主语city之间为被动关系，故选C。13.(13江西34) If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. having asked 答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。状语从句连词if之后省去了从句的主语，即主句的主语；而主句为祈使句，默认主语为you；主语you与动词ask之间为被动关系，故使用过去分词。答案选A。14.(13辽宁28)Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail _for her. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. was waiting 【答案】C【解
