1、四级新题型答案及相关资料万变不离其宗 英语新四级依然注重真本事http:/www.51T 2006-3-7 来源：新民晚报 2005年12月份，大学英语四级举行了改革前的最后一次考试，2006年6月份的四级考试，就要采用新题型了。新四级考试变化在哪里？考生应该怎样准备考试？本报记者采访了上海昂立学院大学四六级应试辅导专家唐天。唐天介绍说，简而言之，新四级考试比老四级考试更注重考察学生实际运用英语的能力，具体的变化表现为如下几个方面：听力题增加，分数比重增大，口音多元化新四级听力部分将在原有题型基础上增加两个长对话。听力部分在新四级中占总分的35%，而老题型只占总分的20%。值得注意的是，在上次
2、“末代”老四级的考试中，听力部分已经非常明显地显现了口音多元化的特点，考生普遍反映上次听力部分较难，有很多地方听不懂。这是因为，传统四级听力以美音为主，英音出现得非常少，所以绝大部分只熟悉美音。出题人抓住了考生的这个弱点，来了个出其不意，找来一个英国人读对话和文章，使很多考生措手不及。口音多元化代表了新四级听力部分的趋势，值得重视。阅读题型增加，分数比重下降新四级考试阅读部分增加了快速阅读，其题型以正误判断和填空的形式出现。整个阅读部分占总分的比例由原先的40%降为35%。加入快速阅读也体现了考察考生实际运用英语的能力。阅读的变化不仅要求考生要读得准确，还要读得快。综合部分体现词汇、语法的重要
3、性虽然语法词汇在新四级考试中不再作为一个独立的题型，但其重要性不容忽视。新四级考试综合部分的题型是完形填空(或改错)和简短回答(或汉译英)。完形填空、改错和汉译英，说到底还是考学生的词汇和语法。写作部分议论文、应用文平分秋色这几年考试出议论文和应用文的几率差不多，考生应做好两手准备，而不能把赌注压在某一体裁上。2005年底的四级考试是一个很好的例子。那次考试前，很多考生都根据“预测”，拼命准备应用文，最后出题人偏偏就出了一个最典型的议论文，很多考生因此“人仰马翻”。面对新四级考试的变化，考生眼下该如何准备？唐天推出了三记应变招数：第一，以不变应万变，立足老题。据了解，老题型在新四级考试中仍占一
4、定比例，所以准备6月份的新四级考试首先要立足老题型，只有把老题型准备好了，才能保证大部分的分数抓在手里。第二，考前适当加入新题型的训练。考新四级的考生至少要在考前两个月开始准备新题型。方式有多种，基础好的考生可以买一到两本新题型模拟试题集进行训练；基础差的考生可以采取参加培训的方式，在老师的指导下掌握应对新题型贩技巧，再做一些针对性的练习准备考试。第三，不要抱侥幸心理，基本功训练是根本。四级考试从本质上讲仍是能力考试，不是临时抱抱佛脚就能考出好成绩的。所以，考生应制定一个长期复习计划，从现在开始就有系统地进行准备。“千里之行”，还当“始于足下”。(记者 张炯强)关于试点阶段的大学英语四级考试说
5、明根据，全国大学英语四、六级考试改革项目组和考试委员会设计了四级考试新题型试测卷，并于2005年6月进行了较大规模的试测。数据分析结果表明，新设计的试题题型和难易度总体上符合要求，但试卷结构需做微调。现就试点阶段的四级考试说明如下。一、 试卷构成和成绩报道就所测试的语言能力而言，试点阶段的四级考试由以下四个部分构成：1) 听力理解;2)阅读理解;3)完型填空或改错;4)写作和翻译 听力理解部分分值比例为35%，其中听力对话15%，听力短文20%。听力对话部分包括对话和长对话的听力理解;听力短文部分包括选择题型的短文理解和复合式听写。 阅读理解部分分值比例为35，其中仔细阅读部分(Reading
6、 in Depth)25,快速阅读部分(Skimming and Scanning)10。仔细阅读部分分为：a)选择题型的篇章阅读理解;b)篇章层次的词汇理解(Banked Cloze)或短句问答(Short Answer Questions)。快速阅读理解部分测试的是浏览阅读和查读能力。 完型填空或改错部分分值比例10。完型填空部分采用多项选择题型，改错部分的要求是辨认错误并改正。 写作和翻译部分分值比例为20。其中写作部(Writing)15.翻译部分(Translation)5。写作的体载包括议论文、说明文、应用文等;翻译部分测试的是句子，短语或常用表达层次上的中译英能力。 试点阶段的四
7、级考试各部分测试内容，题型和所占分值比例如表1所示：表1：试点阶段的四级考试各部分测试内容，题型和所占分值比例试卷构成测试内容测试题型比例听力理解听力对话短对话多项选择35长对话多项选择听力短文短文理解多项选择短文听写复合式听写阅读理解仔细阅读理解篇章阅读理解多项选择35%篇章词江理解或短句问答选词填空或短句回答快速阅读理解是非判断+句子填空或其他完型填空或改错完型填空或改错多项选择或错误辨认并改正10%写作和翻译写作短文写作20%翻译中译英试点阶段四级考试单项分的报道共分为四个部分：听力(35)，阅读(35)，完型填空或改错(10)，作文和翻译(20)。单项报道的满分分为：听力249分，阅读
8、249分。完型填空或改错70分，作文142分。各单项分相加之和等于总分(710分)。二、 关于样卷的说明四、六级考试改革项目组和考试委员会在试测的基础上设计了本样卷，即改革后四级考试的范型卷。实际考试中，可根据表1所描述的框架结构，采用与样卷不完全相同的题型。 根据考生答题的顺序，样卷共分为六个部分：写作测试，快速阅读理解，听力理解，仔细阅读理解，完型填空和翻译。样卷结构，各部分答题时间和所用答题卡见表2。表2：样卷结构，各部分答题时间和所用答题卡样卷结构试题内容答题时间答题卡PartWriting30minutesAnswer Sheet1PartReading Comprehension
9、(Skimming and Scanning15minutesPartListening Comprehension35minutesAnswer Sheet2PartReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)25minutesPartCloze15minutesPartTranslation5minutes 样卷答题时间共125分钟。考试开始后，考生首先在答题卡1上完成写作部分。30分钟后，监考员发试题册，考生在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题。然后，监考员收回答卡1。考生在答题卡2上完成其余部分试题 。在答题过程中，考生必须在答题卡上作答，在
10、试题册上作答无效。所有选择性试题务必用2B浓度的铅度划线作答;所有非选择性试题(即写作，填空等)务必用黑色字迹签字作答。大学英语四级考试试点考试样卷 (试题册)Part Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Part Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer
11、Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences
12、with the information given in the passage.LandfillsYou have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You dont think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push
13、 your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You dont have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.Americans generate trash at an Astonishing rate of f
14、our pounds per day per person; which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash? Some gets recycled (回收利用) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in land
15、fills. How Much Trash Is Generated?Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled (glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted (做成堆肥) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unrec
16、yclable, is discarded.How Is Trash Disposed of ?The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buri
17、ed in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries (United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.What Is a Landfill? Ther
18、e are two ways to bury trash: Dumpan open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most peoples idea of a landfill!) Landfillcarefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surroundi
19、ng environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil. Sanitary landfillland fill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfilllandfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to is
20、olate the trash from the environmentThe purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose (腐烂) much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where t
21、he purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly.Proposing the LandfillFor a landfill to be built, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can opera
22、te. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill.In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environment impact study must be done on the proposed site to determine:
23、 the area of land necessary for the landfill the composition of the underlying soil and bedrock the flow of surface water over the site the impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlife the historical value of the proposed site Building the LandfillOnce the environmental impa
24、ct study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, access roads to the landfill site must be built if they do not already exist. There roads will be used by construction equipment, sanitation (环卫) services and the general public. After road
25、s have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake Country Landfill, the landfill began 10 feet below the road surface.What Happens to Trash in a Landfill?Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little moisture. Under these con
26、ditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old landfills have been dug up or sampled, 40-year-old newspapers have been found with easily readable print. Landfills are not designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater
27、, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years!How Is a Landfill Operated?A landfill, such as the North Wake County Landfill, must be open and available every day. Customers are typically municipalities and construction companies, although residents may also use the landfill.Near the entrance
28、 of the landfill is a recycling center where residents can drop off recyclable materials (aluminum cans, glass bottles, newspapers and paper products). This helps to reduce the amount of material in the landfill. Some of these materials are banned from landfills by law because they can be recycled.
29、As customers enter the site, their trucks are weighed at the scale house. Customers are charged tipping fees for using the site. The tipping fees vary from $10 to $40 per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs. The North Wake County Landfill has an operating budget of approximately $4.5
30、 million, and part of that comes from tipping fees.Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled.In addition
31、, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of by private companies. Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in furnaces or power plants.Other structures alongside the landfill are the borrowed area that supplies the soil for the landfill, the runoff collection pond and methane (甲烷) station.Landfills are complicated structures that, when properly designed and managed, s
