1、北京清华大学附属中学最新 高考英语任务型阅读专题练习附答案北京清华大学附属中学最新 高考英语任务型阅读专题练习(附答案)一、高中英语任务型阅读1请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 Theres a contradiction in the way many of us behave online: we know were being watched all the time, and disapprove of the monitor by Google and the government. But the bounds of whats con
2、sidered too personal to be uploaded or shared online seems to shrink by the day. I complain about the lack of privacy, for example, and yet I willingly and routinely trade it for convenience. I no longer run the risk of unforeseen delays on public transport; Google Maps will inform me of the fastest
3、 route to my destination; I no longer need to remember my friends birthdays; Facebook will urge me, and invariably appeal to me to post an update to remind people I exist. All I have to do is make my location, habits and beliefs transparent to their parent companies whenever they choose to check in
4、on me. So whats going on? “Visibility is a trap,” explained the French philosopher Michel Foucault in Discipline and Punish: the Birth of the Prison(1975). Allowing oneself to be watched, and learning to watch others, is both attractive and dangerous. He took for example “Panopticon”, a prison where
5、 prisoners were observed from a tower manned by an invisible occupant. The prisoners would believe in the presence of the mysterious watchman, whether or not anyone was actually inside, and behave themselves. According to Foucault, the dynamics of the Panopticon are similar to how generally people s
6、elf-monitor in society. In the presence of ever-watching witness, people police themselves. They dont know what the observers are looking for, or what the punishments are for disobedience (不顺从). But they willingly accept and follow this invisible discipline. Foucault claimed that such monitoring is
7、worrisome, not just because of what companies and states might do with our data, but because the act of watching is itself a terrible exercise of power, which may influence behavior without our fully realizing it. But somethings not right here. Why does the self-display continue when we are sure tha
8、t we are watched from everywhere and nowhere? Social media provides a public space that often operates more like a private one, where many people hold the belief that there they wont suffer the consequences of what they say online, as if protected by technology. Plato would be alarmed by the lack of
9、 shame online. His point about moral knowledge is this: we already know the right way to live a just and fulfilling life, but are constantly distracted(转移) from that noble aim. For him, then, shame helps us be true to ourselves and to pay attention to the moral knowledge within. A man without shame,
10、 Plato says, is a slave to desire for material goods, power, fame, respect. Such desire, by its nature, cannot be satisfied.PhenomenonWhile people hate being monitored, the _of privacy is gradually becoming a more serious problem.My experienceI complain about the lack of privacy but still exchange i
11、t for convenience.convenience* I _on Google maps for the fastest route to avoid delays on public transport.* Facebook will remind me of my friends birthdays, and appeal to me to be updated.costI must make my _information available to relevant companies.Michel Foucaults explanationsIdea: Visibility i
12、s a trap.An analogy:* In the Panopticon, prisoners behave themselves just because they believed they were watched by an _watchman.* In real life, the way people self-monitor _the dynamics of thePanopticon. They willingly follow the invisible discipline.Worries: Our data may be _and monitoring may in
13、fluence us to change our behavior _.Reasons for contractionThough being watched, self-display continues because some netizens think that they dont need to take _for what they say online.Conclusion*Shame is essential in leading a just and fulfilling life.*Shame helps us stay true to ourselves and foc
14、us on our _.*Shame can _us being a slave to desires for fame and fortune. 【答案】 invasion /violation /leak /lack；depend /rely /count；private /personal；invisible；resembles；abused/ misused；unconsciously；responsibility；morality /moral(s)；prevent/stop 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，我们所有网上的行为都被监视，虽然网络给我们带来了便利，但隐私的泄露却给我带
15、来了很大的影响。很多人尽管知道自己的行为被监视，却仍然在网上我行我素，认为自己的行为不会带来严重的后果，文章认为这主要是因为缺少羞耻心。 （1）考查同义转换。根据第一段中的“Theres a contradiction in the way many of us behave online: we know were being watched all the time, and disapprove of the monitor by Google and the government.”可知当我们上网的时候，我们的行为都收到了监视。我们的隐私被泄露了，而且这已经成为一个有利于严重的问题。所
16、以本句要填名词invasion /violation /leak /lack。 （2）考查同义转换。根据第二段中的“Google Maps will inform me of the fastest route to my destination”可知我依靠Google地图可以寻找到最快的路线。所以句中要填depend /rely /count。 （3）考查同义转换。根据第二段中的“All I have to do is make my location, habits and beliefs transparent to their parent companies whenever the
17、y choose to check in on me.”可知如果我想得到便利，必须要把我的私人信息上传到相关的网站上。所以句中要填private /personal。 （4）考查原词再现。根据第三段中的“He took for example “Panopticon”, a prison where prisoners were observed from a tower manned by an invisible occupant.”可知这所监狱里的囚犯行为得体主要是因为他们一直认为有他们看不见的人在监视着他们，句中出现了原词“invisible”，所以句中要填invisible。 （5）
18、考查同义转换。根据第四段中的“According to Foucault, the dynamics of the Panopticon are similar to how generally people self-monitor in society.”可知现实生活里的人和监狱里的人一样，他们都认为有看不见的人在监视着他们，所以他们的举止得体。句中使用动词resemble与原句中be similar to语义一致，句中主语是单数名词the way，所以要填resembles。 （6）考查句意理解。根据第五段“not just because of what companies and s
19、tates might do with our data”可知我们的隐私可能会被有关公司滥用，而我们自己却一点也不清楚。所以句中要填abused/ misused。 （7）考查同义转换。根据第五段最后“which may influence behavior without our fully realizing it.”可知这是在我们没有完全意识到的情况下对我们的行为会有影响。句中使用副词unconsciously替换介词短语“without our fully realizing it”，所以要填unconsciously。 （8）考查句意理解。根据倒数第二段中的“where many p
20、eople hold the belief that there they wont suffer the consequences of what they say online, as if protected by technology.”可知虽然很多人知道网络行为被监视，但他们仍然认为自己不会承担不好的结果。所以句中要填responsibility。 （9）考查句意理解。根据倒数第三句“For him, then, shame helps us be true to ourselves and to pay attention to the moral knowledge within
21、.”可知羞耻感会让人们保持真实性，并关注内心的道德。句中要填名词承担focus on的宾语，所以要填morality /moral(s)。 （10）考查句意理解。根据倒数第二句“A man without shame, Plato says, is a slave to desire for material goods, power, fame, respect.”可知柏拉图认为没有羞耻感的人会成为欲望的奴隶。说明羞耻感可以阻止人们被欲望奴役。所以句中要填prevent/stop。 【点评】本题考点涉及同义转换，原词再现和句意理解等题型的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料内容，结合相关的词汇知识
22、和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。2根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Most of us lead unhealthy lives; we spend far too much sitting down. If in addition we are careless about our diets, our bodies soon become loose and fatty and our systems slow moving. _I am thinking of such features of modern city life as pol
23、lution, noise, rushed meals and stress. But keeping fit is a way to reduce the effects of these evils. The usual suggestion to a person who is looking for a way to keep fit is to take up some sport or other. While it is true that every weekend you will find people playing football and hockey in the
24、local park, they are outnumbered a hundred to one by the people who are simply watching them. For those who do not particularly enjoy competitive sports_there are such separate activities as cycling, walking, jogging and swimming. What often happens though is that you do them in such a leisurely way
25、, so slowly, that it is doubtful if you are doing yourself much good, except for the fact that you have at least managed to get up out of your armchair. Even after you have found a way for keeping in shape, through sport or gymnastics, _, because, according to the experts, you must also master the a
26、rt of complete mental and physical relaxation. _Yoga, as practiced in the West, is the most widely known and popular of the systems for achieving the necessary state of relaxation. It seems ironical (讽刺性的), though, that as our lives have improved in a material sense we have found it increasingly nec
27、essary to go back to forms of activity_which were the natural way of life of our forefathers.A. be active and practise YogaB. There are some aspects of our unhealthy lives that we cannot avoid.C. and it is especially difficult to do so if you are not good at themD. physical effort on the one hand an
28、d relaxation on the otherE. they spent most of the time out of doorsF. you are still only half way to good healthG. It has to do with deep breathing, emptying your mind of all thoughts, meditation, and so on.【答案】B；C；F；G；D 【解析】文章大意：这是一篇说明文。主要讲述作者针对如何保持身体健康这一问题给出了一些建议。（1）考查上下文的语境理解。由I am thinking of s
29、uch features of modern city life as pollution, noise, rushed meals and stress. But keeping fit is a way to reduce the effects of these evils.可知这里意思是我们不健康的生活中，有些方面是无法避免的，故答案选B。（2）考查上下文的语境理解。由For those who do not particularly enjoy competitive sports 以及 there are such separate activities as cycling, w
30、alking, jogging and swimming.可知如果你不擅长它们，做这些运动将特别困难，故答案选C。（3）考查上下文的语境理解。由because, according to the experts, you must also master the art of complete mental and physical relaxation.可知这里意思是你仍然在身体健康的半路上，故答案选F。（4）考查上下文的语境理解。Yoga, as practiced in the West, is the most widely known and popular of the syste
31、ms for achieving the necessary state of relaxation. 这里提到了怎么做瑜伽，故答案选G。（5）考查上下文的语境理解。由It seems ironical (讽刺性的), though, that as our lives have improved in a material sense we have found it increasingly necessary to go back to forms of activity 以及 which were the natural way of life of our forefathers.
32、可知这里意思是一方面体力耗费，另一方面放松，故答案选D。【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。 3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。3任务型阅读 Difficult financial times dont mean your giving shuts down._There are so many ways to give back that wont hurt your wallet and will enrich your life.Pick up the phone
